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A constitutional referendum was held in Panama on November 15, 1992. [1] Voters were asked whether they approved of a series of amendments to the 1972 constitution, including reducing the power of the armed forces. [2] Only 32.83% voted in favour of the reforms, with a turnout of 40%. [3]
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| For | 174,690 | 32.83 |
| Against | 357,355 | 67.17 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 27,606 | – |
| Total | 559,651 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,397,003 | 40.06 |
| Source: Direct Democracy | ||
General elections were held in Guatemala on 9 November 2003, with a second round of the presidential election held on 28 December. Óscar Berger won the presidential election, representing the Grand National Alliance, a coalition of alliance of the Patriotic Party, the Reform Movement and the National Solidarity Party. The Alliance were also victorious in the Congressional elections, winning 47 of the 158 seats. Voter turnout was 57.9% in the Congressional elections, 58.9% in the first round of the presidential elections and 46.8% in the second.
Elections in Guyana take place within the framework of a multi-party representative democracy and a presidential system. The National Assembly is directly elected, with the nominee of the party or alliance that receives the most votes becoming President.
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 26 October 1919. They were the first held after several constitutional amendments were passed on 15 May of the same year. The reforms had introduced universal suffrage and proportional representation, increased the electorate from 6% of the population to 42%, and vested national sovereignty in the people, as opposed to the Grand Duke. They were also the first elections held after the German occupation during World War I.
A constitutional referendum was held in Russia on 12 December 1993. The new constitution was approved by 58.4% of voters, and came into force on 25 December.
A constitutional referendum was held in France on 8 May 1870. Voters were asked whether they approved of the liberal reforms made to the constitution since 1860 and passed by the Sénatus-consulte on 20 April 1870. The changes were approved by 82.7% of voters with an 81.3% turnout. However, France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War caused the Empire to be abolished later that year. Although this was the ninth constitutional referendum in French history, it was the first to have more than 8% oppose the motion; four of the previous seven had officially gained 99% approval.
A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 30 July 1989. The proposed changes to the constitution were approved by 87.7% of voters.
A referendum on political reform was held in Spain on Wednesday, 15 December 1976, to gauge support for either the ratification or repealing of the Political Reform Act which had been approved by the Cortes Españolas on 18 November 1976. The question asked was "Do you approve of the Political Reform Bill?". The referendum resulted in 97.4% of valid votes in support of the bill on a turnout of 77.7%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Guatemala on 14 August 1994, following the premature dissolution of Congress during the 1993 constitutional crisis, and in view of implementing constitutional reforms approved in January 1994. The result was a victory for the Guatemalan Republican Front, which won 33 of the 80 seats. Voter turnout was just 21%.
General elections were held in Panama on 6 May 1984, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new Legislative Assembly.
General elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 1 June 1966. Following the 1963 coup which toppled elected president Juan Bosch of the Dominican Revolutionary Party, supporters of his constitutional reforms were excluded from the elections, although Bosch himself contested them. The result was a victory for Joaquín Balaguer of the Reformist Party, whilst his party also won the Congressional elections. Voter turnout was 75.6%.
A constitutional referendum was held in Guatemala on 30 January 1994. It followed a constitutional crisis and an attempted self-coup on 25 May 1993 by President Jorge Serrano Elías. Among the reforms was a plan to reduce the parliamentary term of the current government. The changes were approved by 83.9% of voters, although voter turnout was just 15.9%.
A constitutional referendum was held in Guatemala on 16 May 1999. It featured four questions; one on defining the nation and social rights one on reforming Congress, one on reforming the executive and one on reforming the judiciary. All four were rejected by voters, although turnout was just 18.6%.
A constitutional referendum was held in Panama on 15 December 1940. Voters were asked whether the new constitution should be enacted. A reported 98.7% voted in favour.
A constitutional referendum was held in Panama on 24 April 1983. Voters were asked whether they approved of a series of amendments to the 1972 constitution. A reported 87.8% voted in favour, with a turnout of 66.8%.
A constitutional referendum was held in Panama on 30 August 1998. Voters were asked whether they approved of amending the 1972 constitution to allow the President to be re-elected. Only 34.3% voted in favour of the reforms, with a turnout of 65.4%.
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Latvia on 17 and 18 April 1920. The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party emerged as the largest party in the Constitutional Assembly, winning 57 of the 150 seats. The elections were boycotted by communist parties. The Constitutional Assembly was responsible for drafting a constitution, which was approved on 15 February and promulgated on 7 November 1922.
A constitutional referendum was held in Italy on 25 and 26 June 2006. The reforms were proposed and initially approved during Berlusconi II and III cabinet between October 2004 and November 2005. If ultimately approved by referendum, in continuation with the 2001 constitutional enacted modifications, these reforms would have substantially completed the transformation of Italy from a unitary state into a federal republic.
A constitutional referendum was held in Italy on 7 October 2001. The amendment was supported by the Silvio Berlusconi government. Voters were asked whether they approved of amending the constitution to give more powers to the regions on issues including agriculture, education, healthcare and taxation. The proposals were approved by 64.2% of voters.
Parliamentary elections were held in Brazil on 15 November 1978. The pro-government National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA) won 231 of the 420 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 15 of the 23 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 81.7%.
A consultative constitutional referendum was held in Moldova on 23 May 1999. It was initiated by President Petru Lucinschi and asked voters whether they approved of changing the system of government to a presidential system. The proposal was approved by 64% of voters. However, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova and the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms opposed Lucinschi, and were able to vote several constitutional changes through parliament on 5 July 2000. The changes reduced the powers of the president and strengthened the parliament and government.
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