Demographics of Colombia

Last updated

Demographics of Colombia
Colombia single age population pyramid 2020.png
Colombia population pyramid in 2020
Population52,695,952 (2024 estimate) (27th) [1]
Density46.15 inhab/sq km (174th)
Growth rateIncrease2.svg 0.54% (147th) [2]
Birth rate9.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate5.1/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Life expectancy79 (34th)
 • male76 (37th)
 • female83 (22nd)
Fertility rate1.7 children/woman (2023 official) [3] [4]
Net migration rateDecrease2.svg−6.7 (2023) [5]
Age structure
0–14 years24.5%
15–64 years64.1%
65 and over11.4%
Sex ratio
Total1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.95 male(s)/female
65 and over0.75 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Colombian
Major ethnicNo ethnic affiliation (87.58%) [6]
Minor ethnic
Language
SpokenSpanish, Quimbaya, Chibchas other indigenous languages.

The demographics of Colombia consist of statistics regarding Colombians' health, economic status, religious affiliations, ethnicity, population density, and other aspects of the population. Colombia is the second-most populous country in South America after Brazil, and the third-most populous in Latin America, after Brazil and Mexico.

Contents

Colombia's population has grown steadily for most of its history, although the growth rate slowed markedly in the late 20th century, due in part to emigration resulting from a sustained internal conflict. However, the economy has improved noticeably in recent decades, especially in urban areas, and living standards have risen in line with this.

Census

Population history
YearPop.±%
1500 6,000,000—    
1600 750,000−87.5%
1700 800,000+6.7%
1778 891,077+11.4%
1810 1,400,000+57.1%
1820 1,300,000−7.1%
1825 1,327,000+2.1%
1835 1,687,109+27.1%
1843 1,932,279+14.5%
1851 2,243,730+16.1%
1864 2,441,300+8.8%
1870 2,681,637+9.8%
1905 4,533,777+69.1%
1912 5,472,604+20.7%
1918 5,855,077+7.0%
1928 7,851,110+34.1%
1938 8,701,816+10.8%
1951 11,548,172+32.7%
1964 17,484,508+51.4%
1973 20,785,235+18.9%
1985 27,837,932+33.9%
1993 33,109,839+18.9%
2005 41,468,384+25.2%
2018 48,258,494+16.4%
2024 52,996,664+9.8%
Source: Statoids [8] National Censuses. [9] [10]
The population density of Colombia. Red showing concentration of population. Densidad pop col.png
The population density of Colombia. Red showing concentration of population.
Demographics of Colombia, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions. Colombia-demography.png
Demographics of Colombia, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions.

2021 Census

From January to October 2021, 9.5% of the babies were given birth by Venezuelan mothers. According to the entity during that period, there were 505,114 births and 48,075 were to Venezuelan mothers. In 2017, the birth rate of migrant mothers from Venezuela was 0%, but it has been increasing since 2020, when it was 9.1%. [11]

The births in Colombia have decreased, from 2015 to 2020, a 12.5% lower birth rate. In 2021 there were 12 births for every 1,000 people. [11]

Bogotá and San Andrés are the places with the greatest reduction in births, while the departments of Guainía, Vichada and La Guajira had the highest increases, Guainía had an increase of 108.1%. [12]

2018 Census

According to the 2018 census, Colombia has 48,258,494 inhabitants within its territory. [13] All the data below is available in the DANE Census results.

[14]

RankDepartmentCensus populationChange, 2005–2018Percent of the total Colombia population, 2018 [note 1] Population density2024 population projection
Current200520182005Percent
[note 2] 		AbsoluteExtension km2Population density 2024Rank2024 population
11 Bogotá 7,412,5666,840,1168.4%+572,45015.36%1,5874,996.617,929,539
22 Antioquia 6,407,1025,696,18312.5%+710,91913.27%63,612108.526,903,721
33 Valle del Cauca 4,475,8864,161,4257.6%+314,4619.27%22,140209.934,647,367
44 Cundinamarca 2,919,0602,280,03728.0%+639,0236.05%24,210146.843,553,293
55 Atlántico 2,535,5172,166,15617.1%+369,3615.25%3,388834.552,827,124
66 Santander 2,184,8371,957,78911.6%+227,0484.53%30,53777.862,376,736
77 Bolívar 2,070,1101,878,99310.2%+191,9174.29%25,97887.272,264,523
89 Córdoba 1,784,7831,467,92921.6%+316,8543.70%25,02076.581,914,778
98 Nariño 1,630,5921,541,9565.7%+88,6363.38%33,26851.491,709,890
1013 Norte de Santander 1,491,6891,243,97519.9%+247,7143.09%21,65878.9101,709,570
1111 Cauca 1,464,4881,268,93715.4%+195,5513.03%29,30853.7111,574,506
1214 Magdalena 1,341,7461,149,91716.7%+191,8292.78%23,18865.3121,513,782
1310 Tolima 1,330,1871,365,342−2.6%−35,1552.76%23,56258.6141,380,948
1412 Boyacá 1,217,3761,255,311−3.0%−37,9352.52%23,18956.6151,311,983
1517 Cesar 1,200,574903,27932.9%+297,2952.49%22,90560.9131,395,486
1615 Huila 1,100,3861,011,4188.8%+88,9682.28%19,89059.9161,192,273
1719 Meta 1,039,722783,16832.8%+256,5542.15%85,63513.4171,145,766
1816 Caldas 998,255968,7403.0%+29,5152.07%7,888132.6191,046,110
1918 Risaralda 943,401897,5095.1%+45,8921.95%4,140235.221973,879
2020 Sucre 904,863772,01017.2%+132,8531.88%10,91792.2201,006,044
2121 La Guajira 880,560681,57529.2%+198,9851.82%20,84850.7181,057,252
2222 Quindío 539,904534,5521.0%+5,3521.12%1,845306.823566,048
2323 Chocó 534,826440,12321.6%+94,7031.11%46,53013.022605,478
2426 Casanare 420,504293,25343.4%+127,2510.87%44,64010.624475,144
2524 Caquetá 401,489420,337−4.5%−18,8480.83%88,9654.825428,162
2625 Putumayo 348,182310,13212.3%+38,0500.72%24,88515.626388,716
2727 Arauca 262,174232,11812.9%+30,0560.54%23,81813.327317,398
2831 Vichada 107,80855,87293.0%+51,9360.22%100,2421.328125,477
2928 Guaviare 82,76795,551−13.4%−12,8740.17%53,4601.929100,497
3030 Amazonas 76,58967,72613.1%+8,8630.16%109,6650.83086,318
3129 San Andrés y Providencia 61,28070,554−13.1%−9,2740.13%521,197.13162,249
3233 Guainía 48,11435,23036.6%+12,8840.10%72,2380.83257,934
3332 Vaupés 40,79739,2793.9%+1,5180.08%54,1350.93347,961
−− Colombia 48,258,49442,888,59212.5%+5,369,902-1,141,74846.2-52,695,952

Current vital statistics by department

Total Fertility Rates (number of children born per mother). [15]

Department (2023) Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase Fertility RateRegistered births Registered deaths Life expectancy 2023 [16]
TotalRuralUrban
Antioquia 8.65.23.41.11.70.958,92235,24777.0
Atlántico 11.35.16.21.40.81.431,70714,21376.3
Bogotá 7.74.33.40.890.50.960,90534,31879.1
Bolívar 13.34.78.61.61.31.729,89610,47277.1
Boyacá 8.75.43.31.21.51.111,3177,00779.7
Caldas 6.46.40.00.91.40.76,6986,62378.1
Caquetá 12.14.47.71.51.71.45,1331,86474.7
Cauca 9.14.34.81.11.11.014,1026,65578.7
Cesar 13.23.99.31.61.51.618,1235,40776.5
Córdoba 11.14.36.81.41.31.521,0778,13078.5
Cundinamarca 8.44.44.01.01.50.929,03815,04079.7
Chocó 10.93.17.81.30.91.76,5091,85176.9
Huila 12.85.47.41.61.91.515,1366,35576.3
La Guajira 19.53.016.52.22.42.120,2333,11568.3
Magdalena 13.34.48.91.61.41.719,8456,51976.7
Meta 11.44.86.61.41.41.412,8655,41975.1
Nariño 7.44.52.90.90.81.112,5727,60177.9
Norte de Santander 11.25.06.21.41.61.318,9608,55675.5
Quindío 7.57.50.01.01.01.04,2244,20276.4
Risaralda 8.46.91.51.11.61.08,1876,70376.8
Santander 9.35.14.21.21.51.121,87311,96678.5
Sucre 12.14.77.41.51.31.611,9804,62577.3
Tolima 9.56.33.21.31.51.213,0108,69376.6
Valle del Cauca 7.96.21.71.01.01.036,48228,70076.5
Arauca 11.03.67.41.31.61.23,4291,13274.3
Casanare 11.63.77.91.41.61.35,4241,70675.6
Putumayo 10.43.37.11.21.21.23,9871,24977.5
San Andrés 9.85.44.41.31.51.260833571.2
Amazonas 10.02.57.51.31.31.285320968.7
Guainía 12.72.610.11.51.81.472014663.1
Guaviare 11.53.58.01.42.01.11,12433870.1
Vaupés 14.42.611.82.12.61.267312060.7
Vichada 12.91.911.01.51.22.31,58923470.5
Colombia 9.85.14.71.22510,357265,04777.23
Total Fertility Rate by region, 2023 Isf regiones 2023.png
Total Fertility Rate by region, 2023
Total fertility rate by department 2023. Isf departamental 2023.png
Total fertility rate by department 2023.

20th and 21st centuries

Colombian censused since 1912: [17] [18]

UN estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [19] [20] the total population was 51,516,562 in 2021, compared to only 12,342,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 24.3%, 68.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 7% was 65 years or older . [21]

YearTotal population
( × 1000)		Population percentage in age bracket
0–1415–6465+
195012 341
42.6%
54.0%
3.4%
195514 225
44.8%
52.0%
3.2%
196016 480
46.4%
50.4%
3.2%
196519 144
46.9%
49.9%
3.2%
197022 061
45.9%
50.7%
3.4%
197524 757
43.4%
53.0%
3.6%
198027 738
40.6%
55.7%
3.7%
198531 012
37.9%
58.2%
3.9%
199034 272
36.3%
59.6%
4.1%
199537 442
34.3%
61.3%
4.4%
200040 404
31.5%
63.8%
4.7%
200543 286
28.9%
65.9%
5.2%
201045 918
26.4%
67.8%
5.9%
201548 229
24.3%
68.7%
7.0%
202050 883
22.2%
68.8%
9.1%

Structure of the population

Structure of the population according to the 2018 census results: [22]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total23 550 07224 708 42248 258 494100
0–41 698 6991 621 4853 320 1846.88
5–91 862 7781 780 7383 643 5167.55
10–142 017 2051 925 5133 942 7188.17
15–192 152 3282 055 8124 208 1408.72
20–242 166 8062 137 8514 304 6578.92
25–292 007 5532 026 8574 034 4108.36
30–341 804 8671 857 9523 662 8197.59
35–391 703 5241 809 6933 513 2177.28
40–441 428 4511 568 4012 996 8526.21
45–491 360 8891 529 7942 890 6835.99
50–541 327 1081 510 4912 837 5995.88
55–591 153 3781 336 7602 490 1385.16
60–64916 9111 076 1641 993 0754.13
65–69699 748820 3941 520 1423.15
70–74501 888598 4051 100 2932.28
75–79357 112443 978801 0901.66
80+415 967582 994998 9612.07
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–145 578 6825 327 73610 906 41822.60
15–6416 021 81516 909 77532 931 59068.24
65+1 974 7152 445 7714 420 4869.16

Urbanization

Movement from rural to urban areas was very heavy in the middle of the twentieth century, but has since tapered off. The urban population increased from 29% of the total population in 1938, to 52% in 1964 and about 70% by 1990. Currently the figure is about 77%. The list of the most populated cities in the country only contains the population living in the urban area of the municipalities, according to the results of the 2018 population census. [23]

RankPlace name2023 projections2018 Census2005 CensusChange since 2018
1 Bogotá 7,875,9757,412,5666,776,6916.61%
2 Medellín 2,573,6212,427,1292,223,0787.19%
3 Cali 2,364,4262,227,6422,083,1022.85%
4 Barranquilla 1,322,9331,205,2841,142,4519.76%
5 Cartagena 931,503876,885842,6326.23%
6 Soacha 778,364655,025396,54418.83%
7 Cúcuta 777,386685,445567,55913.41%
8 Soledad 675,127602,644460,74512.03%
9 Bucaramanga 605,047570,752509,1356.01%
10 Bello 546,902495,483358,16710.38%
11 Villavicencio 531,600492,052356,4618.04%
12 Ibagué 503,558492,554468,3782.23%
13 Santa Marta 496,778455,299385,1869.11%
14 Valledupar 490,252431,794299,11213.54%
15 Manizales 430,259405,234353,1386.17%
16 Pereira 406,676385,838371,4395.40%
17 Montería 407,463388,499286,6314.88%
18 Neiva 354,786335,994295,8475.59%
19 Armenia 300,207287,245273,0764.51%
20 Pasto 319,661308,095312,4803.75%
21 Floridablanca 323,279280,025243,77315.45%
22 Palmira 285,389275,254228,0563.68%
23 Itagüí 273,885247,918213,18710.47%
24 Popayán 277,979266,561226,8674.28%
25 Sincelejo 273,124249,323219,6559.54%
26 Envigado 238,618215,766165,46210.59%
27 Buenaventura 249,730235,064292,8896.24%
28 Dosquebradas 215,644204,280169,8205.55%
29 Barrancabermeja 188,192177,272170,8216.16%
30 Tuluá 190,010174,951160,9168.61%

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [24]

YearAverage populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rate
195011,770551,064205,952345,11246.717.429.36.41
195112,090565,988205,240360,74846.717.029.76.44
195212,420583,360202,559380,80146.916.330.66.49
195312,770600,964199,936401,02847.015.631.46.54
195413,130618,002198,066419,93647.015.131.96.58
195513,510635,597196,985438,61247.014.532.56.63
195613,910653,149196,894456,25546.914.132.86.66
195714,330671,025190,300480,72546.713.333.46.70
195814,760688,958191,205497,75346.612.933.76.72
195915,210705,451187,724517,72746.312.334.06.74
196015,690722,255186,589535,66646.011.934.16.74
196116,180738,333186,049552,28445.611.534.16.71
196216,690752,124185,533566,59145.011.133.96.71
196317,210763,468184,487578,98144.310.733.66.58
196417,740772,893184,027588,86643.510.433.16.47
196518,280776,098183,487592,61142.410.032.46.33
196618,810776,398182,973593,92541.29.731.56.16
196719,340774,512182,646591,86640.09.430.65.96
196819,870769,229181,980587,24938.69.129.55.74
196920,390762,378180,816581,56237.38.928.45.51
197020,910756,293179,623576,67036.18.627.55.28
197121,410751,603177,215574,38835.08.326.75.06
197221,910747,867174,530573,33734.18.026.14.86
197322,400749,007172,407576,60033.47.725.74.68
197422,900752,841169,838583,00332.87.425.44.53
197523,400761,181167,106594,07532.57.125.44.40
197623,910772,388165,226607,16232.26.925.34.28
197724,440783,971163,447620,52432.06.725.34.18
197825,000796,756162,378634,37831.86.525.34.07
197925,580811,077162,475648,60231.76.325.43.97
198026,180819,818161,752658,06631.36.225.13.86
198126,790829,626162,670666,95630.96.124.83.74
198227,410837,994163,482674,51230.56.024.53.63
198328,040842,011165,467676,54430.05.924.13.53
198428,690849,133167,428681,70529.65.823.83.43
198529,330855,217191,701663,51629.16.522.63.34
198629,960861,901173,581688,32028.75.822.93.27
198730,600868,789178,536690,25328.45.822.63.21
198831,260876,126182,343693,78328.05.822.23.16
198931,920884,747186,089698,65827.75.821.93.12
199032,600892,755190,271702,48427.45.821.63.08
199133,270899,439193,733705,70627.05.821.23.05
199233,940901,828196,248705,58026.65.820.83.01
199334,610903,555197,750705,80526.15.720.42.97
199435,300901,290199,584701,70625.55.719.82.92
199535,970897,429200,808696,62124.95.619.32.86
199636,630892,339202,580689,75924.45.518.92.80
199737,290885,195204,267680,92823.75.518.22.74
199837,940879,217206,553672,66423.25.417.82.68
199938,590874,245209,686664,55922.65.417.22.63
200039,220867,516209,911657,60522.15.416.72.57
200139,840859,788213,177646,61121.65.416.22.52
200240,450850,588212,844637,74421.05.315.72.46
200341,060839,623212,707626,91620.45.215.22.40
200441,650827,013213,860613,15319.95.114.82.33
200542,220813,688214,241599,44719.35.114.22.26
200642,770799,623214,631584,99218.75.013.72.20
200743,310787,414216,353571,06118.25.013.22.14
200843,820776,110216,895559,21517.74.912.82.08
200944,310765,905217,753548,15217.34.912.42.03
201044,820758,072220,750537,32216.94.912.01.99
201145,310752,881224,162528,71916.64.911.71.96
201245,780748,734228,230520,50416.35.011.31.93
201346,240744,381233,264511,11716.15.011.11.90
201446,680739,615238,498501,11715.85.110.71.88
201547,120734,664243,633491,03115.65.210.41.86
201647,630730,565248,057482,50815.45.210.21.84
201748,350726,008252,689473,31915.15.29.91.82
201849,280727,649260,364467,28514.85.39.51.79
201950,190733,940270,504463,43614.75.49.31.76
202050,930733,491335,656397,83514.46.67.81.74
202151,520730,233397,649332,58414.27.76.51.72
202251,874723,264384,947338,31713.97.46.51.69

Official births and deaths statistics

[25] [26] [27] [28]

YearPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseCrude rateRate of natural increaseNet migrationCrude migration increaseTFRLife expectancyMother's mean age at first birth
birthdeathmalefemale
199838,012,359720,984175,363545,62118.94.614.32.1766.174.226.27
199938,585,016746,194183,553562,64119.34.714.50.32.2266.674.626.25
200039,140,080752,834187,432565,40219.24.714.4-0.32.2267.175.026.25
200139,674,811724,319191,513532,80618.24.813.402.1267.675.426.26
200240,190,679700,455192,262508,19317.44.712.60.22.0468.075.726.27
200340,693,254710,702192,121518,58117.44.712.7-0.42.0568.576.126.23
200441,188,093723,099188,933534,16617.54.512.9-1.02.0768.976.526.23
200541,671,878719,968189,022530,94617.24.512.7-1.12.0569.376.826.22
200642,170,126714,450192,814521,63616.94.512.3-0.62.0269.677.026.16
200742,658,630709,253193,936515,31716.64.512.0-0.61.9869.977.326.11
200843,134,017715,453196,943518,51016.54.512.0-1.01.9770.277.526.10
200943,608,630699,775196,933502,84216.04.511.5-0.71.9170.577.726.08
201044,086,292654,627200,524454,10314.84.510.30.51.7870.877.926.11
201144,553,416665,499195,823469,67614.94.310.5-0.11.7971.178.126.14
201245,001,571676,835199,756477,07915.04.410.6-0.61.8171.478.326.03
201345,434,942658,835203,071455,76414.54.410.0-0.51.7571.778.526.08
201445,866,010669,137210,051459,08614.54.510.0-0.61.7771.978.726.20
201546,313,898660,999219,472441,52714.24.79.50.11.7472.278.926.35
201646,830,116647,521223,078424,44313.84.79.02.01.6972.579.126.35
201747,419,200656,704227,624429,08013.84.89.03.41.6972.779.326.41
201848,258,494649,115236,932412,18313.54.98.59.01.6573.379.826.48
201949,395,678642,660244,355398,30513.04.98.0-249,26415.31.5973.579.926.49
202050,372,424629,402300,853328,54912.55.96.5-22,70313.11.5372.178.926.54
202151,049,498616,914363,089253,82512.17.14.9-213,7998.41.5069.776.926.55
202251,682,692573,625287,251286,37411.15.65.5-390,8026.81.3872.178.526.76
202352,215,503513,448266,771246,6779.85.14.7-350,0865.51.2274.580.126.92

Current vital statistics

[29]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January-July 2023300,874157,547+143,327
January-July 2024255,055160,523+94,532
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -45,819 (-15.2%)Increase Negative.svg +2,976 (+1.9%)Decrease2.svg -48,795

Ethnicity

Ethnic groups in Colombia [30]
Ethnic grouppercent
Unclassified (Mostly White and Mestizo)
 
87.58%
Black (includes Mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero)
 
6.76%
Amerindian
 
4.31%
Romani
 
0.006%

Colombia is ethnically diverse, its original people descending from the original native inhabitants, Spanish and European colonists, Africans originally brought to the country as slaves, and 20th-century immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, all contributing to a diverse cultural heritage. [31] The demographic distribution reflects a pattern that is influenced by colonial history. Whites tend to live mainly in urban centers, like Bogotá, Medellín or Cali, and the burgeoning highland cities. The populations of the major cities also include mestizos. Mestizos include artisans and small tradesmen that have played a major part in the urban expansion of recent decades. [32]

The 2005 census (outdated) reported that the "non-ethnic population", consisting of whites and mestizos (those of majority Indigenous American ancestry), constituted 86% of the national population. 10.6% is of black ancestry. Indigenous Colombians comprise 3.4% of the population. Less than 0.01% of the population is Roma. An extraofficial estimate considers that the 49% of the Colombian population is Mestizo or of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry, and that approximately 19-37% is White, mainly of Spanish lineage, but there is also a large population of Middle East descent; among the upper class there is a considerable input of Italian ancestry. [33]

Many of the Indigenous peoples experienced a reduction in population during the Spanish rule [34] and many others were absorbed into the mestizo population, but the remainder currently represents over eighty distinct cultures. Reserves (resguardos) established for indigenous peoples occupy 30,571,640 hectares (305,716.4 km2) (27% of the country's total) and are inhabited by more than 800,000 people. [35] Some of the largest indigenous groups are the Wayuu, [36] the Paez, the Pastos, the Emberá and the Zenú. [37] The departments of La Guajira, Cauca, Nariño, Córdoba and Sucre have the largest indigenous populations. [38]

The Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia (ONIC), founded at the first National Indigenous Congress in 1982, is an organization representing the indigenous peoples of Colombia. In 1991, Colombia signed and ratified the current international law concerning indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989. [39]

Black Africans were brought as slaves, mostly to the coastal lowlands, beginning early in the 16th century and continuing into the 19th century. Large Afro-Colombian communities are found today on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The population of the department of Chocó, running along the northern portion of Colombia's Pacific coast, is over 70% black. [40] Britons and Jamaicans migrated mainly to the islands of San Andres and Providencia Islands. A number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including people from the former USSR during and after the Second World War. [41] [42]

Many immigrant communities have settled on the Caribbean coast, in particular recent immigrants from the Middle East. Barranquilla (the largest city of the Colombian Caribbean) and other Caribbean cities have the largest populations of Phoenician (Lebanese), Palestinian and other Middle Easterners. [43] [44] There are also important communities of Romanis and Jews. [31] There is a major migration trend of Venezuelans, due to the political crisis and economic collapse in Venezuela. [45]

Ethnic groups in Colombia (Estimation)
Ethnic groupPopulation
Mestizo
 
50.3%
White
 
26.4%
Indigenous
 
9.5%
Black
 
9.0%
Mulatto
 
4.4%
Asian
 
0.4%

[46]

Languages

Spanish (of which Colombia has the third-largest population of speakers in the world after Mexico and the United States) is the official language, with 99.2% of Colombians speaking Spanish, and there are small communities in urban areas speaking other European languages such as German, French, English, Italian, and Portuguese. There are 65 indigenous languages and two Creole languages, one Creole in San Basilio de Palenque and one in San Andrés; and also San Andrés is the only place of Colombia where are three official languages: Spanish, English and a creole language. [47] [48] [49]

Religion

Religion in Colombia (2014) – Pew Research Center [50]

   Catholicism (79%)
   Protestantism (13%)
  Unaffiliated (6%)
  Other (2%)

Religion in Colombia – Other studies [51] [52]

   Catholicism (70.9%)
   Protestantism (16.7%)
   Atheist or agnostic (4.7%)
  Claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion (3.5%)
   Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism (1.8%)
  Other (0.2%)
  The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. (2.2%)

The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which (70.9%) are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority (16.7%) adhere to Protestantism (primarily Evangelicalism). Some 4.7% of the population is atheist or agnostic, while 3.5% claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion. 1.8% of Colombians adhere to Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism and less than 1% adhere to other religions, such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Mormonism, Hinduism, Hare Krishna movement, Rastafari movement, Eastern Orthodox Church, and spiritual studies. The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. In addition to the above statistics, 35.9% of Colombians reported that they did not practice their faith actively. [50] [51] [52] 1,519,562 people in Colombia, or around 3% of the population reported following an indigenous religion.

While Colombia remains a mostly Roman Catholic country by baptism numbers, the 1991 Colombian constitution guarantees freedom of religion and all religious faiths and churches are equally free before the law. [53]

Migration

Venezuelans as a proportion of total population in departments of Colombia in january 2024,Own elaboration based on data from Migracion Colombia Proportion of venezuelans in every department of colombia.png
Venezuelans as a proportion of total population in departments of Colombia in january 2024,Own elaboration based on data from Migración Colombia

Historically, a sizable percentage of Colombian emigration has also been motivated by the need to escape from political persecution and bipartisan violence during the periods of "La Violencia" (1948–1958), and later due to the effects of the nation's current conflict (since 1964). This has resulted in numerous applications for political asylum abroad.

Colombians have emigrated in comparably high rates to the United States. Other Colombians migrated to Canada and Europe (most to Spain, but also to France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden). Among other locations.[ citation needed ]

Foreign-born population 2018 census
Country of birth2018 [54]
Number %
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 2,837,900
86.96%
Flag of the United States.svg  USA 150,124
2.09%
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 58,111
1.88%
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 44,954
1.55%
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 5,481
0.57%
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 5,220
0.54%
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 5,088
0.53%
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 4,218
0.44%
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 4,182
0.43%
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 3,104
0.32%
Flag of France.svg  France 2,954
0.31%
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 2,909
0.30%
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2,383
0.25%
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 2,133
0.22%
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 1,675
0.17%
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1,591
0.17%
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 1,570
0.16%
Colombian population living abroad
Country of residency2020 [55]
Number %
Flag of the United States.svg  USA 1,557,000
40.91%
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 1,000,000
28.31%
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 481,000
8.75%
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 279,000
5.07%
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 198,500
3.61%
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 135,000
2.45%
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 86,000
1.56%
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 58,350
1.07%
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 50,000
0.91%
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 48,000
0.87%
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 43,500
0.79%
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 40,500
0.73%
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 40,000
0.72%
Flag of France.svg  France 40,000
0.72%
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 24,000
0.44%
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 22,000
0.40%
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 20,000
0.36%
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 18,000
0.33%
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 15,000
0.27%
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 13,000
0.24%
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 12,000
0.22%
Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba 8,000
0.15%
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 8,000
0.15%
Flag of Curacao.svg  Curacao 4,500
0.08%
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 4,000
0.07%
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 4,000
0.07%
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 3,500
0.06%
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 3,500
0.06%
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 3,000
0.05%
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  UAE 2,500
0.04%
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 2,500
0.04%
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 2,500
0.04%
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 2,000
0.03%
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2,000
0.03%
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 2,000
0.03%
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 2,000
0.03%
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 1,500
0.02%
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 1,500
0.02%
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 1,300
0.02%
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 1,200
0.02%
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 1,000
0.01%
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1,000
0.01%

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Life expectancy in Colombia since 1900 Life expectancy development in Colombia.svg
Life expectancy in Colombia since 1900
Life expectancy in Colombia since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Colombia -diff.png
Life expectancy in Colombia since 1960 by gender

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. [56]

Population

48,637,910 (May 2016 est.)

Median age

total: 32.4 years (2023 est.). Country comparison to the world: 113th

male: 30.2 years (2020 est.)

female: 32.2 years (2020 est.)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate

0.7% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

170,000 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths

9,800 (2007 est.)

Nationality

noun: Colombia adjective: Colombian(s)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.4%

male: 99.1% (2018 census)

female: 99.7% (2018 census)

Notes

  1. ↑ Because of rounding of the individual percentages, the entries in this column may not sum to 100%.
  2. ↑ This figure for each department compares to a national increase of 12.5%.

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References

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  2. ↑ "Country Comparisons – Population growth rate". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  3. ↑ "PRB's 2023 World Population Data Sheet". Population Reference Bureau.
  4. ↑ "PRB". PRB.
  5. ↑ "Flujos migratorios de colombianos y extranjeros" [Migratory flows of Colombians and foreigners](PDF). micolombiadigital.gov.co (in Spanish). 31 December 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos". Censo General 2018. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved 10 February 2020.
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  11. 1 2 Laura Ramírez (14 February 2022). "Nacimientos en Colombia: 9,5% fueron de madres venezolanas en 2021". Diario AS . Spain.
  12. ↑ "En Colombia hay menos nacimientos, pero aumentaron los embarazos adolescentes". Infobae . 19 July 2022.
  13. ↑ "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  14. ↑ Note: Crude migration change % is trend analysis, an extrapolation-based average population change (current year minus previous) minus the natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). The average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not the end of the year.
  15. ↑ "Boletín técnico: nacimientos" (PDF). DANE. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  16. ↑ "Principales Indicadores – cambio demográfico nacional 2020-2070 y departamental 2020-2050 con base en el CNPV 2018". DANE. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "La historia del censo en Colombia" Archived 5 December 2012 at archive.today . Caracol. 28 September 2005. Consulted 16 April 2012.
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  24. ↑ "UN Population Division Data Portal". United Nations Population Division. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
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  26. ↑ "Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) - Estimaciones del Cambio Demográfico 1950-2018". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  27. ↑ "2022 boletín estadístico anual de flujos migratorios" (PDF). Migración: Ministro de Exteriores.
  28. ↑ "Informe Ejecutivo Flujos migratorios de colombianos y extranjeros" (PDF). unidad-administrativa-especial-migracion-colombia.micolombiadigital.gov.co. 31 December 2023.
  29. ↑ "Nacimientos y Defunciones". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  30. ↑ "Ethnic groups of Colombia". 2018 National Population and Housing Census. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  31. 1 2 "The ethnic and cultural diversity of Colombia" (PDF). pedagogica.edu.co (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  32. ↑ Bushnell & Hudson, pp. 87–88.
  33. ↑ Bushnell, David & Rex A. Hudson (2010) "The Society and Its Environment"; Colombia: a country study: pp. 87, 92. Washington D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
  34. ↑ "Society and slavery". colombia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  35. ↑ "Resguardos indígenas – Concentra el 43% de los bosques naturales". siac.gov.co (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  36. ↑ "Hostein, N. (2010). El pueblo wayuu de la Guajira colombo-venezolana: un panorama de su cultura. Cuadernos de Antropología, 20(1)". Revistas.ucr.ac.cr. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  37. ↑ "Los pueblos indígenas de Colombia en el umbral del nuevo milenio. Población, cultura y territorio: bases para el fortalecimiento social y económico de los pueblos indígenas". dnp.gov.co. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  38. ↑ "visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos" (PDF). Censo General 2005. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  39. ↑ "Ratifications for Colombia". International Labour Organization. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
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  41. ↑ Luis Álvaro Gallo Martínez (2011). "Inmigrantes a Colombia: Personajes extranjeros llegados a Colombia" (PDF). rodriguezuribe.co. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.
  42. ↑ Wabgou, M.; Vargas, D.; Carabalí, J. A. (2012). "Las migraciones internacionales en Colombia. Investigación & Desarrollo, 20(1) 142–167". Universidad del Norte.
  43. ↑ Vargas Arana, Pilar, and Luz Marina Suaza Vargas. "Los árabes en Colombia: Del rechazo a la integración". (2007).
  44. ↑ "The Arab immigration to Colombia". nodo50.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  45. ↑ "Características de los migrantes de Venezuela a Colombia" (PDF). Observatorio Laboral (in Spanish). 14 August 2017.
  46. ↑ "Raza/Etnia a la que pertenece". Latinobarómetro 2023 Colombia. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
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  49. ↑ "Map of the languages of Colombia" (in Spanish). lenguasdecolombia.gov.co. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  50. 1 2 "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region". pewforum.org. Pew Research Center. 13 November 2014.
  51. 1 2 Beltrán Cely; William Mauricio (2013). Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal' (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología. ISBN   978-958-761-465-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  52. 1 2 Beltrán Cely; William Mauricio. "Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia" (PDF). Universitas humanística 73 (2012): 201–238. – bdigital.unal.edu.co. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  53. ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title II – Concerning rights, guarantees, and duties – Chapter I – Concerning fundamental rights – Article 19)
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  55. ↑ "Estudio de Caracterización de los Usuarios que atiende cada uno de los Consulados de Colombia en el Exterior" (PDF). Cancillería de Colombia. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  56. ↑ "The World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
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