List of countries by population in 1000

Historical demographics
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List of Countries by Population
1	1000	1500

This is a list of countries by population in 1000. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 12 to 14, which cover population figures from the year 1000 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison.

Country/Territory	Population c. 1000 estimate	Percentage of World Population
World [1]	390,000,000 [notes 1]	–
Song China [2]	32,500,000–80,000,000	19.23%
Chola Empire subdivisions Chola Dynasty: Possibly between 3-4,000,000 (Total Indian continent accounted for 75M). [3] Mandalams in the realm: *Cholamandalam Jayankondacholamandalam Kongumandalam Parkavanmandalam Pandyamandalam Gangapadi Tadigaipadi Nulambapadi Marayapadi Mummudicholamandalam Naduvilmandalam Cities like Thanjavur had around 88,000 inhabitants [4]	4,000,000– 20,000,000	1.03%-5.13%
Pala Empire	Less than 16,000,000–17,000,000 [3]	4.10%-4.36%
Holy Roman Empire subdivisions Kingdom of Germany – 5,900,000 constituents Germany – 3,800,000 [5] Duchy of Lower Lorraine – 900,000 [5] Duchy of Carinthia – 800,000 [5] Switzerland – 400,000 [5] Kingdom of Italy – 5,400,000 [5]	11,300,000–12,700,000 [6]	3.26%
Fatimid Caliphate [7] [8] subdivisions Egypt – 5,000,000 Syria-Palestine – 2,100,000 [8] Algeria – 2,000,000 [3] Tunisia – 1,500,000 Emirate of Sicily – 750,000 Libya – 500,000 Najd – ?	12,500,000	3.2051%
Eastern Roman Empire [9] [10] subdivisions Anatolia – 7,100,000 Greece [11] – 1,100,000 Catepanate of Ras – 630,000 Constantinople – 300,000 Cyprus – 150,000	12,000,000	3.08%
Western Chalukya Empire subordinate dynasties Hoysala and Malenadu: est. 1,000,000 – 2,000,000 Seuna: est. 2,000,000 – 3,000,000 Kakatiya: est. 2,000,000 – 3,000,000 Alupas: est. around 500,000	9,000,000–10,000,000	2.44%
Buyid Persia subdivisions Iran: 4,500,000 [3] Iraq: 2,000,000 – 4,000,000 [3]	6,500,000–8,500,000	2.18%
Khitan Liao [12] [13] [14] [15]	5,250,000–7,750,000	1.99%
Kingdom of France [5]	7,200,000	1.8%
Heian period (Japan) [16]	7,000,000	1.79%
Al-Andalus subdivisions Spain – 4,500,000 [5] Morocco – 2,500,000 [3]	Less than 7,000,000	1.79%
Gurjara-Pratihara empire [4] subdivisions Gurjaras in Hindustan Possibly between 6-7,000,000 (Total Indian continent accounted for 75M) [3] Cities Chunar (Within Gurjara-Pratihara kingdom towards its end) – 66,000 Kannauj (Under Gurjara-Pratihara) – 72,000 Anhilvada (Under Solankis) – 100,000	6,000,000–7,000,000	1.79%
Kievan Rus' [17]	5,400,000	1.38%
Goryeo [18]	3,000,000–5,000,000	0.77%-1.28%
Toltec Empire subdivisions Central Mexico – 4,500,000 [3]	4,500,000	1.15%
Khmer Empire [8] [notes 2] subdivisions Angkor – 761,663 [19]	4,000,000	1.0%
Wari Empire subdivisions Peru – 3,000,000 [3]	3,000,000	0.77%
Bulgarian Empire [8] [20] subdivisions Approximately present day: Bulgaria (Northern Bulgaria and Western Bulgaria accounting for around 2/3 of the country) – 500,000 Kosovo – 82,000 Macedonia – 132,000 Serbia – 630,000 Albania – 200,000 Montenegro – 43,000 Romania (Northern Dobruja, Wallachia and Moldavia accounting for around 2/3 of the country) – 500,000	2,087,000	0.54%
Makuria subdivisions Northern Sudan – 2,000,000 [3]	2,000,000	0.51%
Pagan Kingdom [21]	1,500,000-2,000,000	0.38%-0.51%
Muisca Confederation [22]	1,300,000	0.33%
Principality of Hungary [23]	1,250,000	0.32%
Kingdom of England [24] [25]	1,250,000	0.32%
Early Lê dynasty (Đại Việt) [26]	1,200,000	0.31%
Poland [27]	1,000,000	0.26%
Alodia subdivisions Central and Southern Sudan – 1,000,000 [3]	1,000,000	0.26%
Zagwe Kingdom subdivisions Ethiopia – 1,000,000 [3]	1,000,000	0.26%
Duchy of Bohemia [8]	900,000	0.23%
High Kingship of Ireland [24]	630,000	0.15%
Kingdom of Denmark [24]	620,000	0.13%
Kingdom of Croatia [8]	412,000	0.11%
Kingdom of Sweden [24]	400,000	0.10%
Kingdom of Scotland [24]	300,000	0.08%
Duchy of Bosnia [8]	286,000	0.07%
Kingdom of Norway [24]	200,000	0.05%
Republic of Venice [28]	60,000	0.02%

Eastern Hemisphere Map at 1025 CE

See also

• List of countries by population
• List of countries by population in 1500
• List of countries by population in 1600
• List of political entities in the 10th century

Bibliography

• Buringh, Eltjo (2010). Medieval Manuscript Production in the Latin West. Brill Publishers. ISBN   978-9004175198.
• Herlihy, David (1989), "Medieval Demography", in Strayer, Joseph R. (ed.), Dictionary of the Middle Ages , vol. 4, New York: Scribner, ISBN   0-684-17024-8 .
• Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780190053796.
• Bolt, Jutta, Robert Inklaar, Herman de Jong and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2018). "Maddison Project Database, version 2018".
• Urlanis, B T︠S︡ (1941). Rost naselenii︠a︡ v Evrope : opyt ischislenii︠a︡[Population growth in Europe] (in Russian). Moskva: OGIZ-Gospolitizdat. OCLC   42379320.

Notes

1. Estimates range from 250,000,000 to 400,000,000
2. Figures are for the areas of modern Laos and Cambodia. None of modern south Thailand is included.

References

1. Data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Archived 2014-03-20 at the Wayback Machine
   1950–2100 estimates (only medium variants shown): (a) World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. Archived 2010-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
   Estimates prior to 1950: (b) "The World at Six Billion", 1999.
   Estimates from 1950 to 2100: (c) "Population of the entire world, yearly, 1950 – 2100", 2013.
   2014: (d) http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf "2014 World Urbanization Prospects", 2014.]
   2015: (e) http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf "2015 World Urbanization Prospects", 2015.]
2. Yue, Shi (1982). Tai ping huan yu ji (in Chinese). Gu jiu shu dian.
3. Maddison 2018.
4. "Populations of Largest Cities in PMNs from 2000BC to 1988AD". Archived from the original (TXT) on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2018-06-29.
5. Buringh 2010, p. 72.
6. The lower figure comes from adding up the constituents in Buringh's figures. The higher is the combined population of Germany (5m), Austria (0.7m), Czechia (0.9m), Belgium (0.4m), the Netherlands (0.3m), Switzerland (0.3m), Slovenia (0.158m), a quarter of France (1.62m), and two-thirds of Italy (3.4m) in Avakov, p. 9-11.
7. "Appendix B: Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2010.
8. Avakov, Alexander V. (April 2015). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1. Algora. ISBN   9781628941012 . Retrieved 13 Oct 2017.
9. W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, 570
10. "History 303: Populations". Archived from the original on 2015-08-26. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
11. The themes of Nikopolis, Hellas, Peloponnesos, Thessaloniki, Strymon, Cephalonia, and Crete.
12. Ebrey (1996), 166.
13. Crossley, Pamela Kyle (2016). "Bohai/Parhae Identity and the Coherence of Dan gur under the Kitan/Liao Empire". International Journal of Korean History. 21 (1): 11-44. doi: 10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.11 .
14. 杨军 (2007). 渤海国民族构成与分布研究 (in Chinese). Jilin: 吉林人民出版社. ISBN   978-7206055102.
15. 战继发 (2017). 黑龙江屯垦史（第1卷）. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社. p. 53. ISBN   9787520113977.
16. (a) Jean-Noël Biraben, "The History of the Human Population From the First Beginnings to the Present" in "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population" (Eds: Graziella Caselli, Jacques Vallin, Guillaume J. Wunsch) Vol 3, Chapter 66, pp 5–18, Academic Press, San Diego (2005). (b) Jean-Noël Biraben, "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution", Population, Selected Papers, Vol. 4, pp. 1–13 (1980). (c) Jean-Noël Biraben, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes", Population Vol. 34 (no. 1), pp. 13–25 (1979).
17. Б.Ц.Урланис. Рост населения в Европе (PDF) (in Russian). p. 89.
18. Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (15 December 2014). Korean History in Maps. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781107098466.
19. Sarah Klassen; et al. (7 May 2021). "Diachronic modeling of the population within the medieval Greater Angkor Region settlement complex". Science Advances. 7 (19). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf8441. PMC   8104873 . PMID   33962951.
20. "Euratlas Periodis Web - Map of Europe in Year 1000". www.euratlas.net. Retrieved 2025-09-16.
21. Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (1985). Pagan: The Origins of Modern Burma. University of Hawaii Press. p. 71, 95-96. ISBN   978-0-8248-8008-8.
22. Palacios, Marco; Safford, Frank (2002). Colombia: país fragmentado, sociedad dividida : su historia (in Spanish). Grupo Editorial Norma. p. 43. ISBN   978-958-04-6509-6.
23. Rabb, Péter (2007). "Natural conditions in the Carpathian Basin of the middle ages". Periodica Polytechnica Architecture. 38 (2): 47–59. doi:10.3311/pp.ar.2007-2.02. ISSN   1789-3437.
24. Urlanis, B T︠S︡ (1941). Rost naselenii︠a︡ v Evrope : opyt ischislenii︠a︡[Population growth in Europe] (in Russian). Moskva: OGIZ-Gospolitizdat. OCLC   42379320.
25. "History of Wales".
26. Kiernan 2019, p. 168.
27. Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001-09-20). A Concise History of Poland. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN   978-0-521-55917-1.
28. Spruyt, Hendrik (1996). The Sovereign state and its competitors: an analysis of systems change. Princeton studies in international history and politics (2. print., and 1. paperback print ed.). Princeton: Princeton Univ. Pr. p. 132. ISBN   978-0-691-02910-8.