Country/Territory | Population c. 1600 estimate | Percentage of World Population |
---|
World | 579,000,000 | – |
---|
Ming Dynasty [1] [2] | 60,000,000–150,000,000 | 27.6% |
Mughal Empire [3] [4] [a] | ~115,000,000 | 19.9% |
Holy Roman Empire [4] [b] Bohemian Crown – 2,950,000 [8] Archduchy of Austria (and related territories) – 2,500,000 Spanish Netherlands – 1,600,000+ [9] Duchy of Milan – 1,350,000 [10] -
Savoy – 1,200,000 [c] Electorate of Saxony – 1,200,000 [12] Republic of the Swiss – 1,000,000 Electorate of Bavaria – ~800,000 [13] Republic of Genoa – 650,000 [14] -
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – 648,000 [15] Electoral Palatinate – ~600,000 [16] Margraviate of Brandenburg- ~350,000 [17] Duchy of Württemberg – ?-
Duchy of Modena and Reggio – ~250,000 [18] -
Duchy of Parma – ~250,000 Margraviate of Baden – ?-
Thuringian states – ? -
Duchy of Carniola – 248,000 [19] -
Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel 230,000 [20] -
Duchy of Holstein – 185,000 [21] -
Republic of Lucca – 110,000 [15] -
Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt – 50,000 -
Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – ? -
Nassau-Weilburg – ? -
Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg – ? -
County of Oldenburg – ? -
Duchy of Luxemburg – ? -
Imperial County of Reuss – ? -
Principality of Lippe – ? -
Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – ? -
Anhalt-Dessau – ? -
Arenberg – ? -
Anhalt-Bernburg – ? -
Anhalt-Köthen – ? -
County of Schaumburg – ? -
Liechtenstein – ? -
Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg- ? -
Principality of Calenberg – ? -
Electorate of Mainz – 100,000+ [22] Franche-Comté – ? Electorate of Trier – 100,000+ [22] Electorate of Cologne – 100,000+ [22] -
Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg – ? -
Saxe-Lauenburg – ? -
Prince-Bishopric of Münster – ? -
Archbishopric of Magdeburg – ? Hamburg – ~20,000 [23] -
Free City of Lübeck – ? -
Duchy of Schleswig – ? -
Prince-bishopric of Lübeck – ? -
Prince-Bishopric of Trent – ? -
Principality of Ansbach – ?
| 27,000,000+ – 34,000,000+ | 5.2% |
Iberian Union and possessions Spanish America – c. 9,745,000 [24] Kingdom of Spain – 8,240,000 [25] [26] Kingdom of Naples – 3,000,000 [15] Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) – 1,600,000+ Duchy of Milan – 1,350,000 Kingdom of Portugal – 1,100,000 [27] Kingdom of Sicily – 1,100,000 [15] [28] -
Captaincy General of the Philippines – 791,000 Franche-Comté – ?-
Goa state – 250,000 [29] -
Diu – ? Viceroyalty of Sardinia – 300,000 [15] -
Malacca – ~195,000 [15] -
Viceroyalty of Brazil – 45,000 Bahrain – 54,000 Duchy of Luxemburg – ?-
Andorra – ?
| 28,745,000+ | 5.0% |
Ottoman Empire [4] [30] Anatolia and East Thrace – 7,275,000 Egypt Eyalet – 5,000,000 Greece [31] – 1,500,000 Bulgaria – 1,250,000 Syria – 1,175,000 Iraq- 1,070,000 Serbia – 1,057,000 Ottoman Hungary – 900,000 Bosnia Eyalet – 449,000 Sidon Eyalet – 292,000 Palestine – 352,000 Cyprus – 98,000 Habesh Eyalet – ? Ottoman Albania [32] – 200,000
vassal states (not counted in the total) Regency of Algiers – 2,250,000 Beylik of Tunis – 1,000,000 Regency of Tripoli – 500,000 Principality of Transylvania – 965,000 [33] Principality of Moldavia - 440,000 [34] Principality of Wallachia - 300,000 [34] -
Crimean Khanate - 2,740,000 Sultanate of Aceh - ?
| 22,000,000 [30] | 3.8% |
Kingdom of France [35] | 19,000,000 | 3.3% |
Kingdom of Morocco and possessions [4] [36] [d] | 13,060,860 | 2.3% |
Tokugawa Japan [37] | 12,000,000 | 2.1% |
Joseon [38] | 11,722,000 | ~2.0% |
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [39] | ~10,000,000 | 1.7% |
Tsardom of Russia [40] [41] | 9,000,000 | 1.6% |
Habsburg Monarchy [42] | 7,800,000 | 1.3% |
Safavid Iran [43] | Under 5,000,000 to near 10,000,000 | 1.3% |
England and possessions [44] | 5,600,000 | 1.0% |
Lê dynasty (Đại Việt) | 5,500,000 | 0.9% |
Taungoo dynasty (Burma) [48] [49] [e] | 3,500,000 | 0.6% |
Ahom kingdom | 2,000,000-3,000,000 [53] | 0.3%-0.5% |
Northern Yuan [54] | ~2,760,000 | 0.5% |
Malla [4] | 2,750,000 | 0.5% |
Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) [55] | ~2,500,000 | 0.4% |
Ethiopian Empire [4] | 2,104,000 | 0.4% |
Republic of Venice [56] | 2,000,000 | 0.3% |
Kingdom of Kongo [57] | 2,000,000 | 0.3% |
Jianzhou Jurchen Confederation [58] | <2,000,000 | 0.3% |
Dutch Republic [4] | 1,500,000 | 0.3% |
Cambodia [4] | 1,419,000 | 0.2% |
Sweden [59] [60] | 1,361,000 | 0.2% |
Denmark–Norway [61] [62] | 1,180,000 | 0.2% |
Kingdom of Scotland [63] | 800,000 | 0.14% |
Republic of Genoa [14] | 650,000 | 0.11% |
Kingdom of Lan Xang [4] | 319,000 | 0.055% |
Malay Sultanates of Johor, Kedah, Pattani, and Perak [64] | <200,000 (together) | 0.133% |
Duchy of Urbino | 150,000 [65] | 0.100% |
Kingdom of Mrauk U | 160,000+ [66] [67] [f] | 0.107% |
Arab Emirates [4] | 35,000 | 0.006% |
Nan Madol (Saudeleur dynasty) | 25,000 [68] | 0.004% |
Rapa Nui (Easter Island) [69] | 15,000 | 0.003% |