List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population

Last updated November 11, 2024

These are lists of countries by foreign-born population (immigrants) and lists of countries by number native-born persons living in a foreign country (emigrants).

According to the United Nations, in 2019, the United States, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russia and France had the largest number of immigrants of any country, while Tuvalu, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and Tokelau had the lowest. In terms of percentage of population, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait had the highest, while Cuba, Madagascar, and China had the lowest.

According to estimates from the same UN 2015 report, in 2013, India and Mexico had the highest numbers of native-born persons living in a foreign country, while Tokelau and San Marino had the lowest.

Definition

The United Nations defines "foreign-born" as "born in a country other than that in which one resides" to estimate the international migrant stock, whenever this information is available. In countries lacking data on place of birth, the UN uses the country of citizenship instead.^[1]

According to the UN: "Equating international migrants with foreign citizens when estimating the migrant stock has important shortcomings. In countries where citizenship is conferred on the basis of jus sanguinis, people who were born in the country of residence may be included in the number of international migrants even though they may have never lived abroad. Conversely, persons who were born abroad and who naturalized in their country of residence are excluded from the stock of international migrants when using citizenship as the criterion to define international migrants."^[1]

UN 2019 report: immigrant population

Countries and regions by immigrant population in 2019^[2]
Major area, region, country or area of destination	Immigrants	% of total population
WORLD	271,642,105	3.5
UN development groups	..	..
More developed regions	152,069,261	12.0
Less developed regions	119,572,844	1.9
Least developed countries	16,289,023	1.6
Less developed regions, excluding least developed countries	103,283,821	1.9
World Bank income groups	..	..
High-income countries	175,811,829	14.0
Middle-income countries	82,237,681	1.4
Upper-middle-income countries	54,279,436	2.1
Lower-middle-income countries	27,958,245	0.9
Low-income countries	13,072,099	1.7
No income group available	520,496	17.9
Geographic regions	..	..
Africa	26,529,334	2.0
Asia	83,559,197	1.8
Europe	82,304,539	11.0
Latin America and the Caribbean	11,673,288	1.8
Northern America	58,647,822	16.0
Oceania	8,927,925	21.2
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) regions	..	..
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA	23,573,485	2.2
Eastern Africa	7,908,176	1.8
Burundi	321,018	2.8
Comoros	12,504	1.5
Djibouti	115,341	11.8
Eritrea	16,101	0.5
Ethiopia	1,253,083	1.1
Kenya	1,044,854	2.0
Madagascar	34,934	0.1
Malawi	247,652	1.3
Mauritius	28,849	2.3
Mayotte	74,643	28.0
Mozambique	334,665	1.1
Réunion	129,153	14.5
Rwanda	539,932	4.3
Seychelles	12,926	13.2
Somalia	52,131	0.3
South Sudan	865,552	7.8
Uganda	1,734,166	3.9
United Republic of Tanzania	509,166	0.9
Zambia	170,249	1.0
Zimbabwe	411,257	2.8
Middle Africa	3,785,279	2.2
Angola	669,479	2.1
Cameroon	505,692	2.0
Central African Republic	90,649	1.9
Chad	512,230	3.2
Congo	402,142	7.5
Democratic Republic of the Congo	963,833	1.1
Equatorial Guinea	227,617	16.8
Gabon	411,463	18.9
Sao Tome and Principe	2,174	1.0
Southern Africa	4,481,651	6.7
Botswana	110,596	4.8
Eswatini	32,310	2.8
Lesotho	6,928	0.3
Namibia	107,561	4.3
South Africa	4,224,256	7.2
Western Africa	7,398,379	1.9
Benin	390,112	3.3
Burkina Faso	718,338	3.5
Cabo Verde	15,664	2.8
Côte d'Ivoire	2,549,141	9.9
Gambia	215,406	9.2
Ghana	466,780	1.5
Guinea	120,642	0.9
Guinea-Bissau	26,916	1.4
Liberia	94,448	1.9
Mali	468,230	2.4
Mauritania	172,987	3.8
Niger	294,161	1.3
Nigeria	1,256,408	0.6
Saint Helena	433	7.1
Senegal	275,239	1.7
Sierra Leone	54,332	0.7
Togo	279,142	3.5
NORTHERN AFRICA AND WESTERN ASIA	48,591,390	9.4
Northern Africa	2,955,849	1.2
Algeria	249,075	0.6
Egypt	504,053	0.5
Libya	818,216	12.1
Morocco	98,574	0.3
Sudan	1,223,092	2.9
Tunisia	57,455	0.5
Western Sahara	5,384	0.9
Western Asia	45,635,541	16.6
Armenia	190,159	6.4
Azerbaijan	253,887	2.5
Bahrain	741,161	45.2
Cyprus	191,922	16.0
Georgia	79,035	2.0
Iraq	368,062	0.9
Israel	1,956,346	23.0
Jordan	3,346,703	33.1
Kuwait	3,034,845	72.1
Lebanon	1,863,873	27.2
Oman	2,286,226	46.0
Qatar	2,229,688	78.7
Saudi Arabia	13,122,338	38.3
Syrian Arab Republic	867,848	5.1
Turkey	5,876,829	7.0
United Arab Emirates	8,587,256	87.9
Yemen	385,628	1.3
CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ASIA	19,627,025	1.0
Central Asia	5,543,398	7.6
Kazakhstan	3,705,556	20.0
Kyrgyzstan	200,260	3.1
Tajikistan	274,071	2.9
Turkmenistan	195,127	3.3
Uzbekistan	1,168,384	3.5
Southern Asia	14,083,627	0.7
Afghanistan	149,762	0.4
Bangladesh	2,185,613	1.3
Bhutan	53,254	7.0
India	5,154,737	0.4
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	2,682,214	3.2
Maldives	69,249	13.0
Nepal	490,802	1.7
Pakistan	3,257,978	1.5
Sri Lanka	40,018	0.2
EASTERN AND SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA	18,296,631	0.8
Eastern Asia	8,105,764	0.5
China	1,030,871	0.1
China, Hong Kong SAR	2,942,254	39.6
China, Macao SAR	399,572	62.4
North Korea	49,393	0.2
Japan	2,498,891	2.0
Mongolia	21,128	0.7
South Korea	1,163,655	2.3
South-Eastern Asia	10,190,867	1.5
Brunei Darussalam	110,641	25.5
Cambodia	78,649	0.5
Indonesia	353,135	0.1
Lao People's Democratic Republic	48,275	0.7
Malaysia	3,430,380	10.7
Myanmar	75,998	0.1
Philippines	218,530	0.2
Singapore	2,155,653	37.1
Thailand	3,635,085	5.2
Timor-Leste	8,417	0.7
Vietnam	76,104	0.1
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN	11,673,288	1.8
Caribbean	1,524,793	3.5
Anguilla	5,679	38.2
Antigua and Barbuda	29,207	30.1
Aruba	36,532	34.4
Bahamas	62,962	16.2
Barbados	34,807	12.1
British Virgin Islands	20,778	69.2
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	15,484	59.6
Cayman Islands	28,985	44.6
Cuba	4,886	0.0
Curaçao	40,883	25.0
Dominica	8,264	11.5
Dominican Republic	567,648	5.3
Grenada	7,124	6.4
Guadeloupe	100,030	22.3
Haiti	18,756	0.2
Jamaica	23,468	0.8
Martinique	61,647	16.4
Montserrat	1,375	27.6
Puerto Rico	266,828	9.1
Saint Kitts and Nevis	7,587	14.4
Saint Lucia	8,383	4.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	4,692	4.2
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	28,260	66.7
Trinidad and Tobago	59,249	4.2
Turks and Caicos Islands	24,534	64.2
United States Virgin Islands	56,745	54.3
Central America	1,927,688	1.1
Belize	59,998	15.4
Costa Rica	417,768	8.3
El Salvador	42,617	0.7
Guatemala	80,421	0.5
Honduras	38,933	0.4
Mexico	1,060,707	0.8
Nicaragua	42,172	0.6
Panama	185,072	4.4
South America	8,820,807	2.9
Argentina	2,212,879	4.9
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	156,114	1.4
Brazil	807,006	0.4
Chile	1,625,074	8.7
Colombia	1,142,319	2.3
Ecuador	381,507	2.2
Falkland Islands	1,902	56.3
French Guiana	117,372	40.4
Guyana	15,699	2.0
Paraguay	160,519	2.3
Peru	782,169	2.4
Suriname	46,157	7.9
Uruguay	81,482	2.4
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	1,375,690	4.8
OCEANIA	8,927,925	21.2
Australia / New Zealand	8,618,009	28.7
Australia	7,549,270	30.0
New Zealand	1,401,866	27.4
Melanesia	123,564	1.1
Fiji	14,038	1.6
New Caledonia	72,537	25.7
Papua New Guinea	31,212	0.4
Solomon Islands	2,532	0.4
Vanuatu	3,245	1.1
Micronesia	117,978	21.7
Guam	79,846	47.7
Kiribati	3,022	2.6
Marshall Islands	3,296	5.6
Micronesia	2,819	2.5
Nauru	2,114	19.7
Northern Mariana Islands	21,815	38.1
Palau	5,066	28.1
Polynesia	68,374	10.1
American Samoa	23,539	42.6
Cook Islands	3,491	19.9
French Polynesia	31,205	11.2
Niue	588	36.4
Samoa	4,035	2.0
Tokelau	504	37.6
Tonga	3,752	3.6
Tuvalu	238	2.0
Wallis and Futuna	1,022	8.9
EUROPE AND NORTHERN AMERICA	140,952,361	12.7
EUROPE	82,304,539	11.0
Eastern Europe	20,278,745	6.9
Belarus	1,069,395	11.3
Bulgaria	168,516	2.4
Czech Republic	512,705	4.8
Hungary	512,043	5.3
Poland	655,985	1.7
Republic of Moldova	104,713	2.6
Romania	462,552	2.4
Russian Federation	11,640,559	8.0
Slovakia	187,984	3.4
Ukraine	4,964,293	11.3
Northern Europe	15,094,924	14.3
Channel Islands	83,833	48.7
Denmark	722,878	12.5
Estonia	190,242	14.4
Faroe Islands	6,454	13.3
Finland	383,116	6.9
Iceland	52,404	15.5
Ireland	833,564	17.1
Isle of Man	42,864	50.7
Latvia	237,266	12.4
Lithuania	117,218	4.2
Norway	867,765	16.1
Sweden	2,005,210	20.0
United Kingdom	9,552,110	14.1
Southern Europe	16,503,552	10.8
Albania	49,160	1.7
Andorra	45,102	58.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35,735	1.1
Croatia	518,083	12.5
Gibraltar	11,172	33.2
Greece	1,211,382	11.6
Holy See	799	100.0
Italy	6,273,722	10.4
Malta	84,949	19.3
Montenegro	70,967	11.3
North Macedonia	131,175	6.3
Portugal	888,162	8.7
San Marino	5,507	16.3
Serbia	820,312	9.4
Slovenia	253,122	12.2
Spain	7,231,195	15.2
Western Europe	30,427,318	15.6
Austria	1,779,857	19.9
Belgium	1,981,919	17.2
France	9,589,322	14.1
Germany	13,132,146	15.7
Liechtenstein	25,467	67.0
Luxembourg	291,723	47.4
Monaco	26,511	68.0
Netherlands	2,282,791	13.4
Switzerland	2,572,029	29.9
NORTHERN AMERICA	58,647,822	16.0
Bermuda	19,336	30.9
Canada	7,960,657	21.3
Greenland	5,690	10.0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	990	17.0
United States of America	50,661,149	15.4

UN 2019 report: emigrant population

Countries and regions of origin by emigrant population in 2019^[3]
Country or region of origin	Emigrants	Article
World	271,642,105
Other South	7,950,425
Other North	3,407,920
Afghanistan	5,120,756	Afghan diaspora
Albania	1,207,032	Albanian diaspora
Algeria	1,944,784
American Samoa	1,817
Andorra	9,114
Angola	661,590
Anguilla	2,707
Antigua and Barbuda	55,089
Argentina	1,013,414
Armenia	964,848	Armenian diaspora
Aruba	19,640
Australia	577,255	Australian diaspora
Austria	575,950	Austrians Abroad
Azerbaijan	1,155,852	Azerbaijani diaspora
Bahamas	46,467
Bahrain	60,153
Bangladesh	7,835,152	Bangladeshi diaspora
Barbados	112,925
Belarus	1,480,794	Belarusian diaspora
Belgium	581,740
Belize	68,144
Benin	666,357
Bermuda	18,049
Bhutan	49,216
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	878,211
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	12,764
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,653,056	Bosnian diaspora
Botswana	86,501
Brazil	1,745,339	Brazilian diaspora
British Virgin Islands	5,417
Brunei Darussalam	46,977
Bulgaria	1,541,860	Bulgarian diaspora
Burkina Faso	1,581,083
Burundi	623,999
Cabo Verde	186,372
Cambodia	1,097,884
Cameroon	383,029
Canada	1,323,087	Canadian diaspora
Cayman Islands	1,973
Central African Republic	767,884
Chad	206,400
Channel Islands	22,545
Chile	650,151
China	10,732,281	Chinese diaspora
China, Hong Kong SAR	1,110,358	Emigration from Hong Kong
China, Macao SAR	161,930
Colombia	2,869,032	Colombian diaspora
Comoros	120,297
Congo	239,397
Cook Islands	22,488
Costa Rica	150,400
Côte d'Ivoire	1,114,003
Croatia	990,012	Croatian diaspora
Cuba	1,654,684	Cuban diaspora
Curaçao	123,132
Cyprus	214,648	Greek Cypriot diaspora
Czech Republic	911,388	Czech diaspora
Dem. People's Republic of Korea	113,118	Korean diaspora
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1,684,615
Denmark	255,616
Djibouti	18,668
Dominica	78,634
Dominican Republic	1,558,668
Ecuador	1,183,685	Emigration from Ecuador
Egypt	3,547,626	Egyptian diaspora
El Salvador	1,600,739
Equatorial Guinea	125,670
Eritrea	751,481
Estonia	208,257
Eswatini	108,188
Ethiopia	871,747
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	1,623
Faroe Islands	13,838
Fiji	222,633
Finland	290,006	Finnish diaspora
France	2,296,534	French diaspora
French Guiana	4,555
French Polynesia	1,982
Gabon	46,684
Gambia	118,483
Georgia	852,816	Georgian diaspora
Germany	4,014,203	German diaspora
Ghana	970,625
Gibraltar	14,320
Greece	1,039,257	Greek diaspora
Greenland	18,684
Grenada	75,784
Guadeloupe	11,856
Guam	2,197
Guatemala	1,205,644
Guinea	530,963
Guinea-Bissau	103,587
Guyana	520,196
Haiti	1,585,681
Holy See	217
Honduras	800,707
Hungary	632,126	Hungarian diaspora
Iceland	42,186	Icelandic diaspora
India	17,510,931	Indian diaspora
Indonesia	4,532,992	Indonesian diaspora
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	4,037,258^[4]	Iranian diaspora
Iraq	2,033,522	Iraqi diaspora
Ireland	816,797	Irish diaspora
Isle of Man	12,809
Israel	369,935	Yordim
Italy	3,077,777	Italian diaspora
Jamaica	1,111,021	Jamaican diaspora
Japan	838,852	Japanese diaspora
Jordan	784,377
Kazakhstan	4,005,587
Kenya	525,437
Kiribati	4,370
Kuwait	205,382
Kyrgyzstan	754,969
Lao People's Democratic Republic	1,347,034	Laotian diaspora
Latvia	332,220	Latvian diaspora
Lebanon	844,158	Lebanese diaspora
Lesotho	341,580
Liberia	219,338
Libya	180,586
Liechtenstein	3,713
Lithuania	610,223
Luxembourg	75,470
Madagascar	184,762
Malawi	324,541
Malaysia	1,689,222	Malaysian diaspora
Maldives	3,053	Maldivian diaspora
Mali	1,264,700
Malta	111,137	Emigration from Malta
Marshall Islands	8,205
Martinique	13,919
Mauritania	128,506
Mauritius	188,344
Mayotte	6,617
Mexico	11,796,178	Emigration from Mexico
Micronesia (Fed. States of)	21,819
Monaco	31,452
Mongolia	73,488	Mongolian diaspora
Montenegro	153,009
Montserrat	22,838
Morocco	3,136,069	Moroccan diaspora
Mozambique	1,013,416
Myanmar	3,699,472	Burmese diaspora
Namibia	195,515
Nauru	2,421
Nepal	2,285,364	Overseas Nepali
Netherlands	980,753	Dutch diaspora
New Caledonia	5,098
New Zealand	777,303
Nicaragua	682,865
Niger	401,653
Nigeria	1,438,331
Niue	5,593
North Macedonia	658,264	Macedonian diaspora
Northern Mariana Islands	2,764
Norway	202,336	Norwegian diaspora
Oman	24,939
Pakistan	6,303,286	Pakistani diaspora
Palau	2,650
Panama	161,107
Papua New Guinea	219,126
Paraguay	871,638
Peru	1,512,920
Philippines	5,377,337	Overseas Filipinos
Poland	4,446,985	Polish diaspora
Portugal	2,631,559
Puerto Rico	5,807,347
Qatar	171,632
Republic of Moldova	1,013,417	Moldovan diaspora
Réunion	133,769
Romania	3,572,794	Romanian diaspora
Russian Federation	10,491,715	Russian diaspora
Rwanda	588,544
Saint Helena	6,596
Saint Kitts and Nevis	124,941
Saint Lucia	63,605
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	2,356
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	60,655
Samoa	124,403
San Marino	2,425
Sao Tome and Principe	37,013
Saudi Arabia	296,254
Senegal	642,654
Serbia	950,485	Serbian diaspora
Seychelles	36,788
Sierra Leone	187,102
Singapore	340,751	Overseas Singaporean
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	29,209
Slovakia	345,683	Slovak diaspora
Slovenia	147,593	Slovene diaspora
Solomon Islands	4,234
Somalia	2,054,377	Somali diaspora
South Africa	824,601	South African diaspora
South Korea	2,176,580	Korean diaspora
South Sudan	2,608,218	South Sudanese diaspora
Spain	1,444,942	Spanish diaspora
Sri Lanka	1,775,768	Sri Lankan diaspora
State of Palestine	3,890,650	Palestinian diaspora
Sudan	2,040,613
Suriname	423,517
Sweden	353,825	Swedish diaspora
Switzerland	679,796	Swiss abroad
Syrian Arab Republic	8,225,499	Syrian diaspora
Tajikistan	597,959
Thailand	1,020,119
Timor-Leste	39,202
Togo	543,277
Tokelau	2,242
Tonga	74,433
Trinidad and Tobago	334,304
Tunisia	813,213
Turkey	3,493,071	Turkish diaspora
Turkmenistan	260,832
Turks and Caicos Islands	31,033
Tuvalu	3,276
Uganda	734,951
Ukraine	5,901,067	Ukrainian diaspora
United Arab Emirates	154,404	Emirati diaspora
United Kingdom	4,274,998	British diaspora
United Republic of Tanzania	323,173
United States of America	4,779,929	American diaspora ^[5]
United States Virgin Islands	25,863
Uruguay	633,439	Emigration from Uruguay
Uzbekistan	1,979,523
Vanuatu	7,346
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	2,519,780	Venezuelan diaspora
Vietnam	2,683,954	Overseas Vietnamese
Wallis and Futuna Islands	11,820
Western Sahara	195,572
Yemen	1,267,610	Yemeni diaspora
Zambia	493,087
Zimbabwe	933,654	Zimbabwean diaspora

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Overseas Pakistanis, or the Pakistani diaspora, refer to Pakistanis who live outside of Pakistan. These include citizens who have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Pakistani descent. According to a December 2017 estimate by the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad. Data released in 2023 by the Ministry of Emigration and Overseas Employment states that more than 10.80 million people have moved abroad since 1990.

Immigration to Europe has a long history, but increased substantially after World War II. Western European countries, especially, saw high growth in immigration post 1945, and many European nations today have sizeable immigrant populations, both of European and non-European origin. In contemporary globalization, migrations to Europe have accelerated in speed and scale. Over the last decades, there has been an increase in negative attitudes towards immigration, and many studies have emphasized marked differences in the strength of anti-immigrant attitudes among European countries.

Emigration from the United States is the process where citizens from the United States move to live in countries other than the US, creating an American Diaspora. The process is the reverse of the immigration to the United States. The United States does not keep track of emigration and counts of Americans abroad are thus only available based on statistics kept by the destination countries.

The Emirati diaspora comprises Emirati citizens who have emigrated from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to other countries, and people of Emirati descent born or residing in other countries.

The Malaysian diaspora are Malaysian emigrants from Malaysia and their descendants that reside in a foreign country. Population estimates vary from seven hundred thousand to one million, both descendants of early emigrants from Malaysia, as well as more recent emigrants from Malaysia. The largest of these foreign communities are in Singapore, Australia, Brunei and the United Kingdom.

Malaysians are citizens who are identified with the country of Malaysia. Although citizens make up the majority of Malaysians, non-citizen residents may also claim a Malaysian identity.

An illegal immigrant in India is a foreigner who has entered India either without valid documents or who initially had a valid document, but has overstayed beyond the permitted time, as per the general provisions of the Citizenship Act as amended in 2003. Such persons are not eligible for citizenship by registration or naturalisation. They are also liable to be imprisoned for 2–8 years and fined.

Latin American migration to Europe is the diaspora of Latin Americans to the continent of Europe, dating back to the first decades of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas. Latin Americans in Europe are now a rapidly growing group consisting of immigrants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. It may also include individuals from certain French-speaking territories depending on the definition of Latin America used.

In Azerbaijan, migration policy is handled by the State Migration Service, and appropriate departments of Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population, Ministry of Healthcare, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of İnternal Affairs, State Border Service, State Committee of Republic of Azerbaijan for Refugees and IDPs and State Security Service. Migration Code, Law on Citizenship, Law on Immigration are the foundations of migration policy in Azerbaijan. An independent migration office - State Migration Service was established on March 19, 2007 to regulate fast-paced migrant and prepare comprehensive and efficient migration policies.

References

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[UNdef-1] 1 2 INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK 2019 DOCUMENTATION

[2] UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019

[3] UN_MigrantStockByOriginAndDestination_2019, Table 1, Line 1715

[4] Published on 21, February, 2021 by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran).

[5] ttps://www.fvap.gov/uploads/FVAP/Reports/2018-Overseas-Citizen-Population-Analysis-Report.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}

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v t e Lists of countries by population statistics
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v t e Immigration to Europe
By target country	Austria Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Italy Malta Norway Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
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From Africa	African immigrants Migrants' African routes France Greece Norway Sweden Switzerland Turkey