Suicide |
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The following are lists of countries by estimated suicide rates as published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other sources. [note 1]
In many countries, suicide rates are underreported due to social stigma, cultural or legal concerns. [3] Thus, these figures cannot be used to compare real suicide rates, which are unknown in most countries.
As of 2016, there was an estimated global suicide rate of 10.5 per 100,000 population [4] down from 11.6 in 2008. [5] In high-income modernized countries male and female rates of suicidal behaviors differ much compared to those in the rest of the world: while women are reportedly more prone to suicidal thoughts, rates of suicide are higher among men, which has been described as a "silent epidemic". [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
A study in 2019 found that between 1990 and 2016 global age-standardized suicide rates fell by a third; the rates in 2016 were about 16 deaths per 100,000 men and 7 deaths per 100,000 women. Women experienced a greater decrease compared with men over the study period. [11] [12]
In much of the world, suicide is stigmatized and condemned for religious or cultural reasons. In some countries, suicidal behavior is a criminal offence punishable by law. Suicide is therefore often a secretive act surrounded by taboo, and may be unrecognized, misclassified or deliberately hidden in official records of death. [6]
— World Health Organization (2002)
As such, suicide rates may be higher than measured, with men more at risk of dying by suicide than women across nearly all cultures and backgrounds. [13] Suicide prevention and intervention is an important topic for all peoples, according to the WHO. [14]
Country | 2019 | 2000 | % change | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Female | Male | M/F | |||
World | 9.0 | 5.4 | 12.6 | 2.3 | 14.0 | -0.36 |
Lesotho | 87.5 | 34.6 | 146.9 | 4.3 | 42.6 | 1.05 |
Guyana | 40.9 | 17.0 | 65.0 | 3.8 | 35.8 | 0.14 |
Eswatini | 40.5 | 6.4 | 78.7 | 12.3 | 40.6 | 0.00 |
Kiribati | 30.6 | 9.5 | 53.6 | 5.7 | 35.6 | -0.14 |
Micronesia | 29.0 | 13.2 | 44.3 | 3.4 | 28.0 | 0.04 |
Suriname | 25.9 | 11.8 | 41.3 | 3.5 | 25.0 | 0.04 |
Zimbabwe | 23.6 | 13.5 | 37.8 | 2.8 | 20.0 | 0.18 |
South Africa | 23.5 | 9.8 | 37.9 | 3.9 | 26.6 | -0.12 |
Mozambique | 23.2 | 8.9 | 42.6 | 4.8 | 20.9 | 0.11 |
Central African Republic | 23.0 | 9.3 | 39.6 | 4.3 | 32.5 | -0.29 |
Russia | 21.6 | 7.2 | 38.2 | 5.3 | 48.9 | -0.56 |
South Korea | 21.2 | 13.4 | 29.7 | 2.2 | 13.9 | 0.52 |
Vanuatu | 21.0 | 9.0 | 33.1 | 3.7 | 23.2 | -0.10 |
Botswana | 20.2 | 7.8 | 35.5 | 4.6 | 46.3 | -0.56 |
Lithuania | 20.2 | 6.2 | 36.1 | 5.8 | 45.8 | -0.56 |
Uruguay | 18.8 | 7.7 | 31.1 | 4.1 | 14.5 | 0.30 |
Kazakhstan | 18.1 | 6.9 | 30.9 | 4.5 | 39.4 | -0.54 |
Mongolia | 18.0 | 5.6 | 31.1 | 5.5 | 23.6 | -0.24 |
Ukraine | 17.7 | 4.7 | 32.7 | 7.0 | 33.5 | -0.47 |
Solomon Islands | 17.4 | 2.4 | 32.2 | 13.4 | 17.4 | 0.00 |
Eritrea | 17.3 | 8.3 | 27.2 | 3.3 | 23.4 | -0.26 |
Belarus | 16.5 | 5.3 | 30.1 | 5.7 | 37.3 | -0.56 |
Montenegro | 16.2 | 7.9 | 25.4 | 3.2 | 18.9 | -0.14 |
Latvia | 16.1 | 4.6 | 29.0 | 6.4 | 29.6 | -0.46 |
Cameroon | 15.9 | 7.6 | 25.2 | 3.3 | 19.1 | -0.17 |
Ivory Coast | 15.7 | 5.0 | 25.7 | 5.1 | 24.0 | -0.35 |
Cape Verde | 15.2 | 5.1 | 27.4 | 5.4 | 18.2 | -0.16 |
Togo | 14.8 | 6.5 | 24.0 | 3.7 | 17.3 | -0.14 |
Somalia | 14.7 | 7.1 | 22.8 | 3.2 | 16.8 | -0.13 |
Samoa | 14.6 | 7.8 | 20.9 | 2.7 | 16.3 | -0.10 |
United States | 14.5 | 6.8 | 22.4 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 0.45 |
Zambia | 14.4 | 5.3 | 25.7 | 4.9 | 24.0 | -0.40 |
Burkina Faso | 14.4 | 6.5 | 24.5 | 3.8 | 16.9 | -0.15 |
Slovenia | 14.0 | 5.5 | 22.7 | 4.1 | 25.6 | -0.46 |
Belgium | 13.9 | 8.4 | 19.6 | 2.3 | 18.3 | -0.24 |
Namibia | 13.5 | 4.4 | 24.9 | 5.7 | 27.5 | -0.51 |
Equatorial Guinea | 13.5 | 8.8 | 18.5 | 2.1 | 19.4 | -0.30 |
Finland | 13.4 | 6.8 | 20.1 | 3.0 | 21.7 | -0.38 |
Chad | 13.2 | 6.9 | 20.2 | 2.9 | 15.7 | -0.16 |
Gabon | 13.1 | 3.8 | 23.3 | 6.1 | 19.4 | -0.32 |
India | 12.9 | 11.1 | 14.7 | 1.3 | 19.1 | -0.32 |
Sri Lanka | 12.9 | 6.1 | 20.9 | 3.4 | 27.4 | -0.53 |
Benin | 12.7 | 6.1 | 20.3 | 3.3 | 14.7 | -0.14 |
Angola | 12.6 | 4.7 | 21.7 | 4.6 | 17.6 | -0.28 |
DR Congo | 12.4 | 5.0 | 20.7 | 4.1 | 14.5 | -0.14 |
Guinea-Bissau | 12.4 | 6.7 | 19.8 | 3.0 | 17.5 | -0.29 |
Sweden | 12.4 | 7.7 | 16.9 | 2.2 | 12.2 | 0.01 |
Guinea | 12.3 | 8.0 | 18.4 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 0.27 |
Japan | 12.2 | 6.9 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 18.1 | -0.32 |
Moldova | 12.2 | 3.3 | 22.1 | 6.7 | 16.3 | -0.25 |
Burundi | 12.1 | 6.4 | 18.9 | 3.0 | 23.4 | -0.48 |
Estonia | 12.0 | 4.5 | 20.2 | 4.5 | 25.0 | -0.52 |
Djibouti | 11.9 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 2.2 | 12.1 | -0.01 |
Hungary | 11.8 | 5.5 | 19.1 | 3.5 | 26.6 | -0.56 |
Congo | 11.6 | 6.1 | 18.3 | 3.0 | 24.7 | -0.53 |
Sierra Leone | 11.3 | 8.2 | 14.8 | 1.8 | 10.1 | 0.11 |
Australia | 11.3 | 5.6 | 17.0 | 3.0 | 11.8 | -0.05 |
Haiti | 11.2 | 8.0 | 14.9 | 1.9 | 12.7 | -0.12 |
Iceland | 11.2 | 3.5 | 18.7 | 5.4 | 12.7 | -0.12 |
Kenya | 11.0 | 5.3 | 18.1 | 3.4 | 15.8 | -0.30 |
Croatia | 11.0 | 5.1 | 17.7 | 3.5 | 16.3 | -0.32 |
Senegal | 11.0 | 5.2 | 18.5 | 3.6 | 14.4 | -0.24 |
Malawi | 10.6 | 3.3 | 20.0 | 6.1 | 19.2 | -0.45 |
Ghana | 10.5 | 1.8 | 20.0 | 11.2 | 9.8 | 0.08 |
Uganda | 10.4 | 3.7 | 19.4 | 5.2 | 21.7 | -0.52 |
Austria | 10.4 | 4.6 | 16.6 | 3.6 | 15.8 | -0.34 |
Canada | 10.3 | 5.4 | 15.3 | 2.9 | 10.7 | -0.03 |
New Zealand | 10.3 | 5.4 | 15.4 | 2.9 | 12.4 | -0.17 |
Cuba | 10.2 | 4.1 | 16.7 | 4.1 | 15.6 | -0.35 |
Niger | 10.1 | 6.4 | 14.1 | 2.2 | 9.5 | 0.07 |
Norway | 9.9 | 6.3 | 13.4 | 2.1 | 13.0 | -0.24 |
Switzerland | 9.8 | 5.7 | 14.2 | 2.5 | 15.9 | -0.38 |
Nepal | 9.8 | 2.9 | 18.6 | 6.3 | 10.9 | -0.10 |
Pakistan | 9.8 | 4.8 | 14.6 | 3.1 | 11.1 | -0.12 |
France | 9.7 | 4.5 | 15.2 | 3.3 | 15.8 | -0.39 |
Singapore | 9.7 | 6.4 | 12.7 | 2.0 | 11.4 | -0.16 |
Gambia | 9.6 | 6.2 | 13.3 | 2.1 | 11.1 | -0.13 |
Fiji | 9.5 | 6.0 | 13.1 | 2.2 | 11.7 | -0.19 |
Czech Republic | 9.5 | 3.8 | 15.4 | 4.1 | 13.4 | -0.29 |
Ethiopia | 9.5 | 5.2 | 14.2 | 2.7 | 18.4 | -0.49 |
Rwanda | 9.5 | 5.0 | 14.8 | 2.9 | 25.6 | -0.63 |
Slovakia | 9.3 | 2.6 | 16.7 | 6.5 | 12.6 | -0.26 |
Poland | 9.3 | 2.4 | 16.5 | 6.8 | 15.3 | -0.39 |
Netherlands | 9.3 | 6.1 | 12.5 | 2.1 | 8.1 | 0.15 |
Madagascar | 9.2 | 5.4 | 13.3 | 2.5 | 10.8 | -0.15 |
Ireland | 8.9 | 3.6 | 14.3 | 4.0 | 12.1 | -0.26 |
Mauritius | 8.8 | 2.5 | 15.0 | 5.9 | 11.5 | -0.24 |
Luxembourg | 8.6 | 5.4 | 11.8 | 2.2 | 13.4 | -0.36 |
Comoros | 8.5 | 5.8 | 11.3 | 2.0 | 10.9 | -0.22 |
Kyrgyzstan | 8.3 | 3.5 | 13.5 | 3.8 | 17.6 | -0.53 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 8.3 | 3.7 | 13.1 | 3.6 | 16.2 | -0.49 |
Uzbekistan | 8.3 | 4.9 | 11.8 | 2.4 | 12.0 | -0.31 |
Germany | 8.3 | 3.9 | 12.8 | 3.3 | 11.2 | -0.26 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.3 | 3.4 | 13.5 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 0.01 |
North Korea | 8.2 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 1.7 | 10.3 | -0.20 |
Tanzania | 8.2 | 3.7 | 13.5 | 3.6 | 15.6 | -0.48 |
Argentina | 8.1 | 3.3 | 13.5 | 4.1 | 9.2 | -0.12 |
Chile | 8.0 | 3.0 | 13.4 | 4.5 | 10.5 | -0.24 |
Mali | 8.0 | 5.7 | 10.5 | 1.8 | 8.8 | -0.09 |
Thailand | 8.0 | 2.3 | 13.9 | 6.0 | 11.6 | -0.31 |
Serbia | 7.9 | 3.9 | 12.2 | 3.1 | 18.9 | -0.58 |
Seychelles | 7.7 | 1.3 | 14.0 | 10.5 | 9.8 | -0.21 |
Ecuador | 7.7 | 3.6 | 11.9 | 3.3 | 6.8 | 0.12 |
Belize | 7.7 | 1.8 | 13.6 | 7.5 | 10.0 | -0.24 |
Georgia | 7.7 | 2.2 | 14.0 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 0.16 |
Denmark | 7.6 | 4.2 | 11.1 | 2.6 | 12.5 | -0.39 |
Costa Rica | 7.6 | 1.9 | 13.3 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 0.11 |
Liberia | 7.4 | 5.5 | 9.4 | 1.7 | 8.8 | -0.16 |
Romania | 7.3 | 2.4 | 12.6 | 5.3 | 11.3 | -0.35 |
Morocco | 7.3 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 2.1 | 10.8 | -0.33 |
Portugal | 7.2 | 3.5 | 11.6 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 0.32 |
Vietnam | 7.2 | 4.2 | 10.6 | 2.5 | 7.2 | 0.01 |
Bahrain | 7.2 | 2.3 | 9.9 | 4.3 | 7.0 | 0.02 |
North Macedonia | 7.2 | 3.5 | 11.0 | 3.1 | 8.7 | -0.17 |
Yemen | 7.1 | 5.3 | 9.0 | 1.7 | 8.5 | -0.17 |
United Kingdom | 6.9 | 3.4 | 10.4 | 3.1 | 7.7 | -0.11 |
Nigeria | 6.9 | 3.8 | 10.1 | 2.7 | 9.2 | -0.25 |
Saint Lucia | 6.9 | 1.5 | 12.5 | 8.5 | 8.1 | -0.15 |
Bolivia | 6.8 | 4.2 | 9.6 | 2.3 | 8.4 | -0.19 |
South Sudan | 6.7 | 3.4 | 10.4 | 3.1 | 7.9 | -0.15 |
China | 6.7 | 4.8 | 8.6 | 1.8 | 14.9 | -0.55 |
Bulgaria | 6.5 | 2.9 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 14.0 | -0.54 |
Brazil | 6.4 | 2.8 | 10.3 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 0.43 |
Guatemala | 6.2 | 2.5 | 10.3 | 4.1 | 13.5 | -0.54 |
Paraguay | 6.2 | 3.3 | 9.0 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 0.69 |
El Salvador | 6.1 | 2.1 | 11.1 | 5.4 | 6.7 | -0.09 |
Turkmenistan | 6.1 | 2.9 | 9.4 | 3.2 | 13.8 | -0.56 |
Laos | 6.0 | 3.5 | 8.6 | 2.5 | 8.7 | -0.31 |
Afghanistan | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 7.7 | -0.23 |
Malaysia | 5.8 | 2.4 | 9.0 | 3.8 | 6.1 | -0.05 |
Cambodia | 5.5 | 3.1 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 6.8 | -0.20 |
Mauritania | 5.5 | 3.9 | 7.4 | 1.9 | 6.4 | -0.14 |
Saudi Arabia | 5.4 | 1.9 | 7.8 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 0.41 |
Malta | 5.3 | 2.3 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 6.0 | -0.11 |
Tajikistan | 5.3 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 0.05 |
Mexico | 5.3 | 2.2 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.37 |
Spain | 5.3 | 2.8 | 7.9 | 2.8 | 6.6 | -0.20 |
United Arab Emirates | 5.2 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 2.4 | 8.0 | -0.35 |
Israel | 5.2 | 2.1 | 8.3 | 3.9 | 6.8 | -0.24 |
Iran | 5.1 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 8.0 | -0.36 |
Dominican Republic | 5.1 | 1.9 | 8.5 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 0.04 |
Bhutan | 5.1 | 3.1 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 6.9 | -0.27 |
Sudan | 4.8 | 3.3 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 5.6 | -0.14 |
Iraq | 4.7 | 2.4 | 7.3 | 3.0 | 5.3 | -0.10 |
Nicaragua | 4.7 | 1.9 | 7.8 | 4.1 | 6.3 | -0.26 |
Qatar | 4.7 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 7.6 | -0.39 |
East Timor | 4.5 | 2.4 | 6.7 | 2.8 | 4.9 | -0.07 |
Libya | 4.5 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 2.1 | 5.3 | -0.15 |
Oman | 4.5 | 1.1 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 6.7 | -0.33 |
Tonga | 4.4 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 2.0 | 5.1 | -0.15 |
Italy | 4.3 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 3.2 | 5.5 | -0.22 |
Azerbaijan | 4.0 | 1.5 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 0.16 |
Bangladesh | 3.9 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 3.6 | 6.9 | -0.44 |
Colombia | 3.7 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 3.5 | 5.3 | -0.29 |
Albania | 3.7 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 2.4 | 5.2 | -0.29 |
Greece | 3.6 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 0.27 |
Papua New Guinea | 3.6 | 1.9 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.26 |
Egypt | 3.4 | 2.2 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 3.6 | -0.06 |
Bahamas | 3.4 | 1.2 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 0.33 |
Cyprus | 3.2 | 1.1 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 0.66 |
Tunisia | 3.2 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 2.5 | 3.9 | -0.18 |
Myanmar | 3.0 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | -0.42 |
Panama | 2.9 | 1.0 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.9 | -0.52 |
Lebanon | 2.8 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | -0.08 |
Maldives | 2.8 | 0.9 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 5.3 | -0.48 |
Peru | 2.7 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 3.4 | -0.20 |
Armenia | 2.7 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 3.3 | -0.19 |
Kuwait | 2.7 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 3.1 | -0.14 |
Algeria | 2.6 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 4.7 | -0.44 |
Honduras | 2.6 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3.0 | -0.14 |
Indonesia | 2.6 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.8 | -0.33 |
Brunei | 2.5 | 0.8 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 1.7 | 0.48 |
Philippines | 2.5 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.12 |
Turkey | 2.3 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 4.2 | -0.44 |
Jamaica | 2.3 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 0.11 |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 2.2 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.2 | -0.02 |
Syria | 2.1 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 0.05 |
Venezuela | 2.1 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 6.4 | -0.67 |
Jordan | 2.0 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | -0.43 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 6.5 | -0.84 |
Grenada | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 2.1 | -0.70 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | -0.84 |
Barbados | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 2.6 | -0.88 |
Income group (% of global pop) | Suicides, 2012 (in thousands) | Global % | Rate (2012) | Male:Female (2012) |
---|---|---|---|---|
High-income countries (18.3%) | 197 | 24.5% | 12.7 | 3.5 : 1 |
Upper-middle-income countries (34.3%) | 192 | 23.8% | 7.5 | 1.3 : 1 |
Lower-middle-income countries (35.4%) | 333 | 41.4% | 14.1 | 1.7 : 1 |
Low-income countries (12.0%) | 82 | 10.2% | 13.4 | 1.7 : 1 |
Global (100.0%) | 804 | 100.0% | 11.4 | 1.9 : 1 |
Male and female suicide rates are out of total male population and total female population, respectively (i.e. total number of male suicides divided by total male population). Age-standardized rates account for the influence that different population age distributions might have on the analysis of crude death rates, statistically addressing the prevailing trends by age-groups and populations' structures, to enhance long term cross-national comparability: based on age-groups' deviation from standardized population structures, rates are rounded up or down (age-adjustment). Basically, the presence of younger individuals in any given age structure carries more weight: if the rate is rounded up that means the median age is lower than average for that region (or country), and vice versa when rounded down.
Most countries listed above report a higher male suicide rate, as worldwide there are about 3 male suicides out of 4, or a factor of 3:1 (for example, [17] in the United States was 3.36 in 2015, and 3.53 in 2016). [lower-alpha 1]
Though age-standardization is common statistical process to categorize mortality data for comparing purposes this approach by WHO is based on estimates which take into account issues such as under-reporting, resulting in rates differing from the official national statistics prepared and endorsed by individual countries (and revisions are also performed periodically). Also, age-adjusted rates are mortality rates that would have existed if all populations under study had the same age distribution as a "standard" population. Plain, crude estimated rates are available at here and here. Countries with a population less than 100 000 are excluded.
Countries with large internal discrepancies are complicated to assess. Canada, a country with a comparatively low suicide rate overall at 10.3 incidents per 100,000 people, exhibits one such discrepancy. When comparing the suicide rate of Indigenous peoples in Canada, the rate of suicide increases to 24.3 incidents per 100,000 people: [19] a rate among the ten highest in the world. There are numerous differences in living standards and income that contribute to this phenomenon, classed as an epidemic in Canada. [20]
In this list various sources from various years are included, mixing plain crude rates with age-adjusted rates and estimated rates, so cross-national comparability is somewhat skewed.
* indicates "Suicide in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Mental Health in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.
Country | Male | Female | Overall | Sources & Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
Greenland * (Danish Realm) | 75.08 | 25.18 | 53.34 | 2019 [23] |
Lithuania * | 65.1 | 12.4 | 24.4 | 2018 [24] [25] |
South Korea * | 35.9 | 16.2 | 26.0 | 2021 [26] |
Guyana * | 41.25 | 10.20 | 25.52 | 2017 [27] [28] |
Kazakhstan * | 40.68 | 8.01 | 23.81 | 2017 [28] |
Slovenia | 18.09 | 2016 [24] | ||
Sri Lanka * | [29] [30] | 14.6 | 2018 | |
Hungary | [24] | 17.98 | 2016 | |
Belarus * | 20.5 | 2017 [31] | ||
Taiwan (Estimate) [lower-alpha 2] | 20.1 | 2018 [32] | ||
Ukraine * | 22.4 | 2016 [34] | ||
Uruguay * | 20.6 | 2020 [35] [36] | ||
Latvia | 18.56 | 2016 [24] | ||
Moldova | 15.9 | 2016 [37] | ||
Serbia | [24] | 13.52 | 2016 | |
Belgium | 17.0 | 2016 [38] [note 3] [39] [note 4] | ||
Japan * | 23.1 | 10.1 | 16.5 | 2018 [40] [41] |
Taiwan (Government data) [lower-alpha 3] | 21.0 | 11.6 | 16.2 | 2022 [32] |
Croatia | 16 | 2016 [24] [42] | ||
Bhutan * | 12.16 | 2017 [43] | ||
Austria | 23.8 | 7.1 | 13.69 | 2016 [24] |
South Africa | 15.4 | 2005 [44] | ||
Estonia | 14.31 | 2016 [24] [45] | ||
France * | 13.21 | 2016 [24] [45] | ||
Suriname | 23.9 | 4.8 | 14.4 | 2005 |
Finland * | 22.3 | 6.9 | 14.26 | 2016 [24] [46] |
European Union | 10.33 | 2016 [24] [47] | ||
United States * | 21.8 | 6.0 | 14.5 | 2017 [48] [49] [50] |
Poland | 12.28 | 2016 [24] [51] | ||
Russia * | 13.7 | 2017 [52] | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 13.6 | 2012 [53] | ||
Czech Republic | 12.57 | 2016 [24] | ||
Germany | [24] [54] | 11.29 | 2016 | |
Cuba | 19.0 | 5.5 | 12.3 | 2008 |
Bulgaria | 9.24 | 2016 [39] | ||
New Zealand | 19.0 | 5.8 | 12.3 | 2014–15 [55] [56] |
Hong Kong * | 16.2 | 8.8 | 12.3 | 2011 [57] |
Sweden * | 11.73 | 2016 [24] [58] | ||
Portugal | 8.95 | 2016 [39] [59] | ||
Romania * | 10.13 | 2016 [24] | ||
Norway | 12.08 | 2016 [24] | ||
United Kingdom * | 11.2 | 2018 [60] | ||
Canada * | 16.9 | 5.3 | 11.5 | 2009 [61] |
Iceland | 12.3 | 2016 [24] [62] | ||
Chile | 18.2 | 4.2 | 11.2 | 2007 |
Switzerland * | 17 | 5.8 | 11.2 | 2011 [63] |
Netherlands | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 2015 [39] |
Trinidad and Tobago | 17.9 | 3.8 | 10.7 | 2006 |
India * | 13.0 | 7.8 | 10.5 | 2009 |
Ireland | 17.4 | 3.4 | 10.3 | 2013 [64] |
Singapore * | 13.3 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 2012 [65] |
Australia * | 20.1 | 6.3 | 13.1 | 2019 [66] |
Slovakia | 7.48 | 2016 [39] | ||
China * | [67] | 9.8 | 2014 | |
Venezuela | 9.5 | 2019 [68] | ||
Kyrgyzstan | 14.1 | 3.6 | 8.8 | 2009 |
Turkmenistan | 13.8 | 3.5 | 8.6 | 1998 |
Spain * | 12.7 | 4.1 | 8.3 | 2013 [69] |
North Macedonia | 12.6 | 3.9 | 8.0 | 2009 [39] |
El Salvador | 12.9 | 3.6 | 8.0 | 2008 |
Italy | 12.7 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 2016 |
Zimbabwe | 10.6 | 5.2 | 7.9 | 1990 |
Luxembourg | 13.2 | 2.9 | 7.8 | 2008 [39] |
Argentina | 12.6 | 3.0 | 7.7 | 2008 |
Ecuador | 10.5 | 3.6 | 7.1 | 2009 |
Mauritius | 11.8 | 1.9 | 6.8 | 2008 |
Costa Rica | 10.2 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 2009 |
Thailand | 9.7 | 2.58 | 6.03 | 2013 [70] |
Mongolia | 8.6 | 3.1 | 5.85 | 2011 |
Israel | 9.9 | 2.1 | 5.8 | 2007 [71] |
Nicaragua | 9.0 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 2006 |
Panama | 9.0 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 2008 |
Turkey | 6.34 | 1.90 | 4.12 | 2019 [72] |
Colombia | 7.9 | 2.0 | 4.9 | 2007 |
Brazil | 7.7 | 2.0 | 4.8 | 2008 |
Uzbekistan | 7.0 | 2.3 | 4.7 | 2005 |
Cambodia | 4.6 | 2008 | ||
Georgia | 7.1 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 2009 |
Albania | 4.7 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 2003 [73] |
Mexico * | 6.8 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 2008 |
Honduras | 3.84 | 2011 [74] | ||
Bahrain | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 2006 |
Belize | 6.6 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 2008 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 5.4 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 2008 |
Paraguay | 5.1 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2008 |
Cyprus | 5.9 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 2009 [39] |
Guatemala | 5.6 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 2008 |
Barbados | 7.3 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 2006 |
Greece * | 6.1 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 2009 |
Malta | 5.9 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 2008 |
Iran * | 3.9 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 2013 [75] [76] |
Philippines | 4.5 | 1.0 | 2.75 | 2005 [77] |
Tajikistan | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2001 |
Saint Lucia | 4.9 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 2005 |
Dominican Republic | 3.9 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2005 |
Armenia | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2008 |
Kuwait | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2009 |
Bahamas | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2005 |
Pakistan * | 1.45 | 0.71 | 1.10 | 2012 [78] |
Peru | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2000 |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1987 |
Azerbaijan | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 2007 |
Maldives | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2005 |
Jamaica | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1990 |
Syria | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1985 |
Jordan | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2008 [79] |
Egypt | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2009 |
Grenada | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2008 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1995 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1995 |
Haiti | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2003 |
Nepal * | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2003 |
The demographics of Japan include Japanese population, birth and death rates, age distribution, population density, ethnicity, education level, healthcare system of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects regarding the population. As of February 2024, Japan's total population was roughly 124 million people, making it the 3rd-most populous country in the Asia-Pacific region, and the 11th-most populous country in the world.
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that entire population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from "morbidity", which is either the prevalence or incidence of a disease, and also from the incidence rate.
The maternal mortality ratio is a key performance indicator (KPI) for efforts to improve the health and safety of mothers before, during, and after childbirth per country worldwide. Often referred to as MMR, it is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management. It is not to be confused with the maternal mortality rate, which is the number of maternal deaths in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age during the same time period. The statistics are gathered by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division. The yearly report started in 1990 and is called Trends in Maternal Mortality. As of the 2015 data published in 2016, the countries that have seen an increase in the maternal mortality ratio since 1990 are the Bahamas, Georgia, Guyana, Jamaica, Dem. People’s Rep. Korea, Serbia, South Africa, St. Lucia, Suriname, Tonga, United States, Venezuela, RB Zimbabwe. But according to Sustainable Development Goals report 2018, the overall maternal mortality ratio has declined by 37 percent since 2002. Nearly 303,000 women died due to complications during pregnancy.
There are more than 700,000 estimated suicide deaths every year. Suicide affects every demographic, yet there are some populations that are more impacted than others. For example, among 15–29 year olds, suicide is much more prominent; this being the fourth leading cause of death within this age group.
Health in Cuba refers to the overall health of the population of Cuba. Like the rest of the Cuban economy, Cuban medical care suffered following the end of Soviet subsidies in 1991; the stepping up of the US embargo against Cuba at this time also had an effect.
The population of Taiwan is approximately 23.35 million as of April 2023.
In Japan, suicide is considered a major social issue. In 2017, the country had the seventh highest suicide rate in the OECD, at 14.9 per 100,000 persons, and in 2019 the country had the second highest suicide rate among the G7 developed nations.
Life expectancy has been rising rapidly and South Korea ranked 3rd in the world for life expectancy. South Korea has among the lowest HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate in the world, with just 0.1% of the population being infected, significantly lower than the U.S. at 0.6%, France's 0.4%, and the UK's 0.3% prevalence rate. South Korea has a good influenza vaccination rate, with a total of 43.5% of the population being vaccinated in 2019. A new measure of expected human capital calculated for 195 countries from 1920 to 2016 and defined for each birth cohort as the expected years lived from age 20 to 64 years and adjusted for educational attainment, learning or education quality, and functional health status was published by the Lancet in September 2018. South Korea had the sixth highest level of expected human capital with 26 health, education, and learning-adjusted expected years lived between age 20 and 64 years.
The Tajikistan health system is influenced by the former Soviet legacy. It is ranked as the poorest country within the WHO European region, including the lowest total health expenditure per capita. Tajikistan is ranked 129th as Human Development Index of 188 countries, with an Index of 0.627 in 2016. In 2016, the SDG Index value was 56. In Tajikistan health indicators such as infant and maternal mortality rates are among the highest of the former Soviet republics. In the post-Soviet era, life expectancy has decreased because of poor nutrition, polluted water supplies, and increased incidence of cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Because the health care system has deteriorated badly and receives insufficient funding and because sanitation and water supply systems are in declining condition, Tajikistan has a high risk of epidemic disease.
The major causes of deaths in Finland are cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, respiratory diseases, alcohol related diseases and accidental poisoning by alcohol. In 2010, the leading causes of death among men aged 15 to 64 were alcohol related deaths, ischaemic heart disease, accident, suicides, lung cancer and cerebrovascular diseases. Among women the leading causes were breast cancer, alcohol related deaths, accidents, suicides, ischaemic heart disease and lung cancer.
The current population of Myanmar is 54.05 million. It was 27.27 million in 1970. The general state of healthcare in Myanmar is poor. The military government of 1962-2011 spent anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on healthcare. Healthcare in Myanmar is consistently ranked among the lowest in the world. In 2015, in congruence with a new democratic government, a series of healthcare reforms were enacted. In 2017, the reformed government spent 5.2% of GDP on healthcare expenditures. Health indicators have begun to improve as spending continues to increase. Patients continue to pay the majority of healthcare costs out of pocket. Although, out of pocket costs were reduced from 85% to 62% from 2014 to 2015. They continue to drop annually. The global average of healthcare costs paid out of pocket is 32%. Both public and private hospitals are understaffed due to a national shortage of doctors and nurses. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. WHO consistently ranks Myanmar among the worst nations in healthcare.
Health in Chad is suffering due to the country's weak healthcare system. Access to medical services is very limited and the health system struggles with shortage of medical staff, medicines and equipment. In 2018, the UNHCR reported that Chad currently has 615,681 people of concern, including 446,091 refugees and asylum seekers. There is a physician density of 0.04 per 1,000 population and nurse and midwife density of 0.31 per 1,000 population. The life expectancy at birth for people born in Chad, is 53 years for men and 55 years for women (2016). In 2019 Chad ranked as 187 out of 189 countries on the human development index, which places the country as a low human development country.
World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD) is an awareness day always observed on 10 September every year, in order to provide worldwide commitment and action to prevent suicides, with various activities around the world since 2003. The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) to host World Suicide Prevention Day. In 2011 an estimated 40 countries held awareness events to mark the occasion. According to WHO's Mental Health Atlas released in 2014, no low-income country reported having a national suicide prevention strategy, while less than 10% of lower-middle income countries, and almost a third of upper-middle and high-income countries had.
Suicide is a major national public health issue in the United States. The country has one of the highest suicide rates among wealthy nations. In 2020, there were 45,799 recorded suicides, up from 42,773 in 2014, according to the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). On average, adjusted for age, the annual U.S. suicide rate increased 30% between 2000 and 2020, from 10.4 to 13.5 suicides per 100,000 people. In 2018, 14.2 people per 100,000 died by suicide, the highest rate recorded in more than 30 years. Due to the stigma surrounding suicide, it is suspected that suicide is generally underreported. In April 2016, the CDC released data showing that the suicide rate in the United States had hit a 30-year high, and later in June 2018, released further data showing that the rate has continued to increase and has increased in every U.S. state except Nevada since 1999. From 2000 to 2020, more than 800,000 people died by suicide in the United States, with males representing 78.7% of all suicides that happened between 2000 and 2020. In 2022, a record high 49,500 people died by suicide, while the suicide rate in 2022 reached its highest level since 1941 at 14.3 per 100,000 persons. Surging death rates from suicide, drug overdoses and alcoholism, what researchers refer to as "deaths of despair", are largely responsible for a consecutive three year decline of life expectancy in the U.S. This constitutes the first three-year drop in life expectancy in the U.S. since the years 1915–1918.
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the age standardised death rate for suicide in Australia, for the year 2019, was 13.1 deaths per 100,000 people; preliminary estimates for years 2020 and 2021 are respectively 12.1 and 12.0. In 2020, 3,139 deaths were due to suicide ; in 2021, 3,144 deaths were due to suicide.
According to the latest available data, Statistics Canada estimates 4,157 suicides took place in Canada in 2017, making it the 9th leading cause of death, between Alzheimer's disease (8th) and cirrhosis and other liver diseases (10th). In 2009, there were an estimated 3,890 suicide deaths.
The WHO's estimate of life expectancy for a female child born in Guinea-Bissau in 2008 was 49 years, and 47 years for a boy. in 2016 life expectancy had improved to 58 for men and 61 for women.
As of 2019 Lithuanian life expectancy at birth was 76.0 and the infant mortality rate was 2.99 per 1,000 births. This is below the EU and OECD average.
In Hong Kong, the suicide rate of primary, secondary, and post-secondary students is relatively high, particularly beginning in the 2014–2015 academic year. The suicide cases are not connected, but the frequency of suicides aroused public's attention to the mental health and academic pressure of Hong Kong students.
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