Vehicular suicide

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It may be difficult to determine if collisions like these were motivated by suicide.

Vehicular suicide is the use of a motor vehicle to intentionally cause one's own death. [1]

Contents

Suffocation

Suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning may be attempted by running the engine in an enclosed garage, or by piping the exhaust gas into the driver's compartment with a hose, but catalytic converters required for air quality regulations eliminate over 99% of carbon monoxide produced. [2] [3]

Traffic collisions

Intentional traffic collisions may be a chosen method of suicide where speed limits are high enough to produce fatal deceleration. [4] [5] Modern cars have high rates of acceleration and can easily reach very high speeds in short distances, while most cannot protect occupants from disability or death in frontal impact collisions exceeding 70 km/h (43 mph). [6] Motor vehicles can be tempting as machines of self-injury or -destruction for individuals attempting to disguise their suicidal motivation, because widespread use of the word accident implies traffic collisions are unintentional, [7] and because traffic collisions are already so frequent. The percentage of suicides among the tens of thousands of people killed annually in United States traffic collisions [8] is unknown because suicides are often misclassified as accidents if no suicide note is found. [9] Considering the large number of suicides by other methods, it would be remarkable if vehicles were less used as a convenient method of self-destruction trying to minimize insurance and religious complications. [10] In addition, many attempts at driver suicide presumably result in permanent disabilities rather than death. [11]

The probability and severity of traffic collisions may be increased by suicidal behaviors including drunk driving and speeding. [12] These risky driving behaviors are associated with depression as contributing factors to vehicular suicide. [13] Impact velocity may be maximized by exceeding speed limits or by maneuvering into a head-on collision with a heavier and less maneuverable vehicle like a bus or semi-trailer truck. Crash investigators found head-on collisions with heavier vehicles were a suicide method more common than the single vehicle crashes sometimes assumed to be more typical. These suicidal collisions may kill or injure others. [10]

Implications

Aside from use for premeditated suicides, as commuters spend more time driving, vehicles may be available at the instant of a momentary and temporary impulse towards self-destruction fueled by road rage. Suicides comprise nearly two-thirds of the 33,000 annual gun deaths in the United States. [14] Motor vehicles remain widely available while gun control reduces access to firearms. The percentage of traffic fatalities which are suicides appears to be increasing with time. [10] [15]

Understanding the fraction of traffic fatalities attributable to suicide is important because many traffic safety measures are unlikely to influence suicides. [16] Unmeasured suicides in empirical data used to evaluate traffic safety measures will result in systematic underestimation of effectiveness for non-suicidal road users. [10]

People can also stand or walk in front of oncoming traffic; this is different from insurance fraud as the person in question is trying to intentionally cause fatal bodily injuries to themselves. Insurance companies do not cover Vehicular Suicide. [17]

See also

References

  1. "Suicides Replace Auto Crashes as Top Cause of Injury Death". ABC News. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  2. Vossberg B, Skolnick J (1999). "The role of catalytic converters in automobile carbon monoxide poisoning: a case report". Chest. 115 (2): 580–581. doi:10.1378/chest.115.2.580. PMID   10027464. S2CID   34394596.
  3. "Carbon monoxide poisoning - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  4. Carroll, Linda J.; Rothe, Peter (2014). "Viewing Vehicular Violence through a Wide Angle Lens: Contributing Factors and a Proposed Framework". Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice . 56 (2). University of Toronto Press: 149–166. doi:10.3138/cjccj.2014.ES01. S2CID   145513013.
  5. Radun, Igor; Kannan, Pragathy; Partonen, Timo; Hawton, Keith (1 October 2024). "A systematic review of road traffic suicides: Do we know enough to propose effective preventive measures?". Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 106: 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2024.07.028. ISSN   1369-8478.
  6. Peden, Margie; Scurfield, Richard; Sleet, David; Mohan, Dinesh; Hyder, Adnan A.; Jarawan, Eva; Mathers, Colin (2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization. pp. 7, 11, 76. ISBN   92-4-156260-9.
  7. Selzer, Melvin L.; Payne, Charles E. (1962). "Automobile accidents, suicide, and unconscious motivation". American Journal of Psychiatry. 119 (3): 237–240. doi:10.1176/ajp.119.3.237. PMID   13910542. S2CID   46631419.
  8. "Key Injury and Violence Data". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  9. Peck, DL; Warner, K (1995). "Accident or suicide? Single-vehicle car accidents and the intent hypothesis". Adolescence. 30 (118): 463–472. PMID   7676880.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Evans, Leonard (2004). "Driver behavior". Traffic Safety. Science Serving Society. ISBN   978-0975487105 . Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  11. Henderson, Antony F.; Joseph, Anthony P. (2012). "Motor vehicle accident or driver suicide? Identifying cases of failed driver suicide in the trauma setting" . Injury. 43 (1): 18–21. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.192.
  12. "Suicide Warning Signs and Symptoms". Crisis Center of Tampa Bay. Archived from the original on 11 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  13. Arnau-Sabatés, L.; Sala-Roca, J.; Jariot-Garcia, M. (2012). "Emotional abilities as predictors of risky driving behavior among a cohort of middle aged drivers". Accident Analysis & Prevention. 45: 818–825. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.021. PMID   22269574.
  14. Casselman, Ben; Conlen, Matthew; Fischer-Baum, Reuben. "Gun Deaths". FiveThirtyEight . Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  15. Hernetkoski, K.M.; Keskinen, E.O.; Parkkari, I.K. (2009). "Driver suicides in Finland – are they different in northern and southern Finland?". International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 68 (3): 249–260. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v68i3.18329 .
  16. "Studies reporting traffic suicides as a percentage of traffic fatalities". ResearchGate. 1997. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  17. "What Types of Car Accidents Are Not Covered by Insurance Companies?". dalyblack.com. 1 July 2025. Retrieved 1 August 2025.