Global Hunger Index

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool used to measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and national levels. The report, published annually in October, describes the prevalence of hunger and undernutrition in individual countries and gauges both progress and setbacks in the global fight against hunger. GHI scores can be used to rank countries, and current results can be compared with past outcomes. An interactive map] enables users to visualize data across different years and zoom into specific regions or countries.

The index was originally developed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in cooperation with Welthungerhilfe, a German aid organization, and was first published in 2006. In 2007, the Irish non-governmental organization (NGO) Concern Worldwide joined as a co-publisher. In 2018, IFPRI handed the project over to its longstanding partners Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide, who have continued the GHI as a joint initiative ever since. In 2024, the Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV) joined the project as an academic partner.

The Global Hunger Index 2025 marks the anniversary by taking stock of two decades of evidence-based recommendations: moving from productivity-focused agriculture toward rights-based, inclusive, and resilience-oriented approaches. Priorities include, among others, stronger governance and accountability; climate-adapted and transformed food systems; equal opportunities; support for rural livelihoods; cross-sectoral strategies; and coordinated, responsible development finance. It underscores the importance of reliable data, anticipatory risk management, and local empowerment, especially of women and marginalized groups.

In previous years, topics included:

• 2010: Early childhood undernutrition among children younger than the age of two. ^[1]
• 2011: Rising and more volatile food prices of the recent years and the effects these changes have on hunger and malnutrition. ^[2]
• 2012: Achieving food security and sustainable use of natural resources, when the natural sources of food become increasingly scarce. ^[3]
• 2013: Strengthening community resilience against undernutrition and malnutrition. ^[4]
• 2014: Hidden hunger, a form of undernutrition characterized by micronutrient deficiencies. ^[5]
• 2015: Armed conflict and its relation to hunger. ^[6]
• 2016: Reaching the UN Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger by 2030. ^[7]
• 2017: The challenges of inequality and hunger. ^[8]
• 2018: Forced migration and hunger. ^[9]
• 2019: Climate change and hunger. ^[10]
• 2020: One decade to Zero Hunger: Linking health and sustainable food systems". ^[11]
• 2021: Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings. ^[12]
• 2022: Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance. ^[13]
• 2023: The Power of Youth in Shaping Food Systems. ^[14]
• 2024: How Gender Justice can advance Climate Resilience and Zero Hunger
• 2025: 20 Years of tracking Progress: Time to recommit to Zero Hunger ^[15]

In addition to the yearly GHI, the Hunger Index for the States of India (ISHI) was published in 2008 ^[16] and the Sub-National Hunger Index for Ethiopia ^[17] was published in 2009.

An interactive map allows users to visualize the data for different years and zoom into specific regions or countries.

Calculation of GHI scores

GHI scores

Level	Value
Low	≤ 9.9
Moderate	10.0-19.9
Serious	20.0-34.9
Alarming	35.0-49.9
Extremely alarming	≥ 50.0

Based on the values of the four indicators, a GHI score is calculated on a 100-point scale reflecting the severity of hunger, where 0 is the best possible score (no hunger) and 100 is the worst. Each country's GHI score is classified by severity, from low to extremely alarming. ^[18]

The GHI combines 4 component indicators:

• Undernourishment: the share of the population with insufficient caloric intake.
• Child stunting: the share of children under age five who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition.
• Child wasting: the share of children under age five who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition.
• Child mortality: the share of children who die before their fifth birthday, partly reflecting the fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments.

In 2025, data were assessed for the 136 countries that met the criteria for inclusion in the GHI, and GHI scores were calculated for 123 of those countries based on data from 2000 to 2024. The data used to calculate GHI scores come from published United Nations sources (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, UNICEF, and Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation ^[19] ), the World Bank, and Demographic and Health Surveys.

For 13 countries, individual scores could not be calculated and ranks could not be determined owing to a lack of data. Seven countries were provisionally designated by severity based on other published data. For the remaining 6 countries, data were insufficient to allow for either calculating GHI scores or assigning provisional categories.

Regional and National Trends in Hunger

The 2025 GHI report finds that hunger is most severe in the regions of Africa South of the Sahara and South Asia, where hunger remains serious. Africa South of the Sahara’s high GHI score is driven by the highest undernourishment and child mortality rates of any region by far. In South Asia, serious hunger is driven by rising undernourishment and persistently high child undernutrition.

Hunger is designated as moderate in West Asia and North Africa, though food crises are occurring in Gaza and Yemen. Hunger is categorized as low in Latin America and the Caribbean, East and Southeast Asia, and Europe and Central Asia.

According to the 2025 GHI scores and provisional designations, hunger is considered alarming in 6 countries (Burundi, Chad, Madagascar, Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen) and serious in 36 countries. Many countries are slipping backward: in 27 countries with low, moderate, serious, or alarming 2025 GHI scores, hunger has actually increased since 2016. In 10 countries with moderate, serious, or alarming 2025 GHI scores, progress has largely stalled and their 2025 GHI scores have declined by less than 5 percent from their 2016 GHI scores.

A small number of countries—including Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Togo and Uganda—have made significant improvements in their GHI scores, even if hunger in these countries remains too high.

Country rankings

Country rankings as per the Global Hunger Index. ^[20]

Legend

Countries where hunger is low (GHI ≤9.9)

Countries where hunger is moderate (GHI = 10.0–19.9)

Countries where hunger is serious (GHI = 20.0–34.9)

Countries where hunger is alarming (GHI = 35.0–49.9)

Countries where hunger is extremely alarming (GHI ≥50.0)

Rank in 2025	Country	2000	2008	2016	2025	Absolute change since 2016	Percent change since 2016
1-25 [a]	Armenia	20.3	10.8	6.7	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Belarus	<5	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Bosnia and Herzegovina	9.5	6.1	5.0	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Bulgaria	8.6	8.1	7.3	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Chile	<5	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	China	13.8	7.3	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Costa Rica	5.9	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Croatia	7.1	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Estonia	<5	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Georgia	11.8	8.0	5.7	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Hungary	<5	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Kazakhstan	12.0	10.2	5.7	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Kuwait	<5	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Latvia	5.3	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Lithuania	5.0	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Montenegro	—	5.8	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	North Macedonia	7.4	5.5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Romania	8.1	6.0	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Russia	10.6	6.0	5.5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Serbia	—	5.3	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Slovakia	5.3	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Turkey	14.8	6.9	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	United Arab Emirates	<5	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Uruguay	7.9	<5	<5	<5	—	—
1-25 [a]	Uzbekistan	25.7	12.7	5.7	<5	—	—
26	Moldova	18.1	15.0	5.8	5.1	-0.7	-12.1
26	Mongolia	29.5	17.3	8.0	5.1	-2.9	-36.3
28	Paraguay	12.8	8.3	5.2	5.2	0.0	0.0
29	Azerbaijan	25.2	14.1	8.1	5.6	-2.5	-30.9
30	Saudi Arabia	10.1	8.5	6.6	5.9	-0.7	-10.6
31	Mexico	9.8	9.2	7.1	6.0	-1.1	-15.5
32	Colombia	10.7	10.3	7.1	6.1	-1.0	-14.1
33	Tunisia	9.1	7.6	6.1	6.2	0.1	1.6
34	Argentina	6.5	5.2	5.3	6.4	1.1	20.8
34	Brazil	11.6	6.3	5.4	6.4	1.0	18.5
34	Dominican Republic	15.2	12.8	8.6	6.4	-2.2	-25.6
37	Albania	15.3	15.3	6.7	7.0	0.3	4.5
38	Algeria	14.1	10.8	8.0	7.1	-0.9	-11.3
39	Peru	21.1	12.9	8.0	7.2	-0.8	-10.0
40	Iran	12.4	9.5	8.3	7.4	-0.9	-10.8
41	Panama	17.3	12.3	9.2	7.5	-1.7	-18.5
42	El Salvador	13.6	11.6	8.9	7.6	-1.3	-14.6
43	Jamaica	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.0	-0.3	-3.6
43	Kyrgyzstan	18.4	12.2	8.9	8.0	-0.9	-10.1
45	Guyana	17.0	15.3	10.7	8.3	-2.4	-22.4
46	Lebanon	11.1	8.3	7.1	8.5	1.4	19.7
47	Morocco	15.6	11.5	8.6	9.3	0.7	8.1
48	Cape Verde	16.2	13.1	11.5	9.4	-2.1	-18.3
49	Venezuela	14.3	8.7	14.2	9.6	-4.6	-32.4
50	Thailand	17.5	12.3	10.4	9.7	-0.7	-6.7
50	Turkmenistan	19.9	14.3	10.2	9.7	-0.5	-4.9
52	Fiji	9.2	10.2	10.6	9.9	-0.7	-6.6
53	Oman	16.2	10.2	12.0	10.2	-1.8	-15.0
54	Jordan	10.2	7.6	7.7	10.3	2.6	33.8
55	Suriname	14.9	10.4	10.8	10.4	-0.4	-3.7
55	Ukraine	12.8	10.0	9.7	10.4	0.7	7.2
57	Egypt	16.4	15.5	14.5	10.5	-4.0	-27.6
58	Ecuador	19.1	14.6	11.3	10.9	-0.4	-3.5
59	Trinidad and Tobago	11.2	11.0	9.7	11.0	1.3	13.4
60	Vietnam	25.7	19.7	14.1	11.1	-3.0	-21.3
61	Sri Lanka	22.1	17.6	14.1	11.2	-2.9	-20.6
62	Honduras	21.7	15.9	13.1	12.5	-0.6	-4.6
63	Iraq	22.9	19.2	14.7	12.8	-1.9	-12.9
63	Tajikistan	39.3	26.9	15.3	12.8	-2.5	-16.3
65	Ghana	29.0	21.5	16.5	13.1	-3.4	-20.6
66	Mauritius	15.3	13.2	12.8	13.4	0.6	4.7
66	Philippines	23.9	21.4	17.7	13.4	-4.3	-24.3
68	Malaysia	15.1	13.9	13.4	13.6	0.2	1.5
69	Libya	11.9	14.8	16.3	13.9	-2.4	-14.7
70	Bolivia	27.0	20.9	14.0	14.6	0.6	4.3
70	Indonesia	25.0	27.8	18.2	14.6	-3.6	-19.8
72	Nepal	37.0	28.5	20.6	14.8	-5.8	-28.2
73	Cambodia	39.8	24.7	17.7	14.9	-2.8	-15.8
74	South Africa	17.1	16.4	12.9	15.1	2.2	17.1
75	Myanmar	41.5	28.3	16.8	15.3	-1.5	-8.9
76	Senegal	32.5	20.9	16.8	15.6	-1.2	-7.1
77	Eswatini	23.9	25.8	18.9	15.9	-3.0	-15.9
78	Cameroon	36.8	26.9	20.4	17.1	-3.3	-16.2
79	Comoros	35.7	25.7	20.5	17.2	-3.3	-16.1
80	Gambia	29.5	23.3	18.8	17.3	-1.5	-8.0
80	Togo	37.6	27.7	24.7	17.3	-7.4	-30.0
82	Guatemala	29.0	23.8	20.8	18.0	-2.8	-13.5
83	Gabon	19.8	18.4	16.1	18.8	2.7	16.8
84	Namibia	26.6	27.1	22.0	18.9	-3.1	-14.1
85	Bangladesh	34.6	32.5	24.4	19.2	-5.2	-21.3
86	Mauritania	31.3	20.1	21.2	19.9	-1.3	-6.1
*	Laos	—	—	—	10–19.9*	—	—
*	Nicaragua	21.4	17.1	13.1	10–19.9*	1.8	14.1
87	Uganda	36.0	28.6	29.1	20.2	-8.9	-30.6
88	Ivory Coast	32.8	33.2	22.3	20.4	-1.9	-8.5
88	Solomon Islands	18.9	18.8	21.8	20.4	-1.4	-6.4
90	Zimbabwe	35.5	29.6	27.2	20.9	-6.3	-23.2
91	Tanzania	40.3	29.4	24.7	21.1	-3.6	-14.6
92	Rwanda	49.7	36.4	28.2	21.7	-6.5	-23.0
93	Botswana	29.9	27.2	22.5	21.8	-0.7	-3.1
94	Djibouti	44.8	32.8	24.6	21.9	-2.7	-11.0
95	Malawi	43.3	28.5	23.1	22.0	-1.1	-4.8
96	Mali	40.3	31.3	24.7	22.3	-2.4	-9.7
97	Republic of the Congo	35.1	32.2	26.6	22.6	-4.0	-15.0
98	Burkina Faso	44.5	34.4	25.4	22.9	-2.5	-9.8
99	Guinea	36.8	31.9	28.4	23.7	-4.7	-16.5
100	Ethiopia	53.0	37.5	26.1	24.4	-1.7	-6.5
101	Guinea-Bissau	37.6	30.4	26.6	25.4	-1.2	-4.5
102	India	38.1	34.6	29.3	25.8	-3.5	-11.9
103	Benin	32.2	25.5	23.8	25.9	2.1	8.8
103	Kenya	35.7	28.7	23.1	25.9	2.8	12.1
103	Mozambique	46.8	32.7	36.4	25.9	-10.5	-28.8
106	Pakistan	36.2	32.3	25.4	26.0	0.6	2.4
107	Timor-Leste	—	42.2	30.5	28.0	-2.5	-8.2
108	Sierra Leone	57.8	41.1	32.4	28.5	-3.9	-12.0
109	Afghanistan	49.6	32.7	28.0	29.0	1.0	3.6
110	Zambia	51.2	41.4	31.7	29.6	-2.1	-6.6
111	Angola	63.8	35.3	25.7	29.7	4.0	15.6
112	Liberia	47.7	36.8	32.9	30.0	-2.9	-8.8
113	Syria	14.8	17.0	23.7	30.6	6.9	29.1
114	Papua New Guinea	31.3	32.8	31.9	31.0	-0.9	-2.8
115	Nigeria	38.2	32.3	29.9	32.8	2.9	9.7
116	Central African Republic	46.8	41.9	36.0	33.4	-2.6	-7.2
117	Niger	52.7	39.0	33.3	33.9	0.6	1.8
118	Chad	49.6	43.8	38.5	34.8	-3.7	-9.6
*	Lesotho	—	—	—	20–34.9*	—	—
*	Sudan	—	—	27.5	20–34.9*	-0.1	-0.2
*	North Korea	43.8	30.8	27.6	20–34.9*	-0.2	-0.5
119	Haiti	40.2	37.2	29.9	35.7	5.8	19.4
120	Madagascar	42.0	36.6	35.0	35.8	0.8	2.3
121	Democratic Republic of the Congo	46.1	39.5	36.4	37.5	1.1	3.0
121	South Sudan	—	—	—	37.5	—	—
123	Somalia	64.3	60.5	49.4	42.6	-6.8	-13.8
*	Burundi   Yemen	—	—	—	35–49.9*	—	—
For the 2025 GHI report, data were assessed for the countries available in the 2025 ranking sheet. If "—" sign is shown, data are not available or not presented. Some countries did not exist in their present borders in the given year or reference period.
The 25 countries with 2025 GHI scores of less than 5 are not assigned individual ranks, but rather are collectively ranked 1-25. Differences between their scores are minimal.

See also

• List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
• Foodportal
• Worldportal

References

1. von Grebmer, K.; Ruel, M.; Menon, P.; Nesorova, B.; Olofinbiyi, T.; Fritschel, H.; Yohannes, Y.; von Oppeln, C.; Towey, O.; Golden, K.; Thompson, J. (2010). "2010 Global Hunger Index - The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on the Crisis of Child Undernutrition" (PDF). Bonn, Washington, D.C.& Dublin: IFPRI, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
2. von Grebmer, K.; Torero, M.; Olofinbiyi, T.; Fritschel, H.; Wiesmann, D.; Yohannes, Y.; Schofield, L.; von Oppeln, C. "2011 Global Hunger Index - The Challenge of Hunger: Taming Price Spikes and Excessive Food Price Volatility" (PDF). Bonn, Washington, D.C.& Dublin: IFPRI, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
3. von Grebmer, K.; Ringler, C.; Rosegrant, M.; Olofinbiyi, T.; Fritschel, H.; Badiane, O.; Torero, M.; Yohannes, Y.; Thompson, J.; von Oppeln, C.; Rahall, J. (2012). "2012 Global Hunger Index - The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security Under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses" (PDF). Bonn, Washington, D.C.& Dublin: IFPRI, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
4. von Grebmer, K.; Headey, D.; Béné, C.; Haddad, L.; Olofi nbiyi, T.; Wiesmann, D.; Fritschel, H.; Yin, S.; Yohannes, Y.; Foley, C.; von Oppeln, C.; Iseli, B. (2013). "2013 Global Hunger Index – The Challenge of Hunger: Building Resilience to achieve Food and Nutrition Security" (PDF). Bonn, Washington, D.C.& Dublin: IFPRI, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
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13. von Grebmer, K.; Bernstein, J.; Resnick, D.; Wiemers, M.; Reiner, L.; Bachmeier, M.; Hanano, A.; Towey, O.; Ní Chéilleachair, R.; Foley, C.; Gitter, S.; Larocque, G.; Fritschel, H. (2022). "2022 Global Hunger Index – Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance" (PDF). Washington D.C.& Dublin: Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
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15. Welthungerhilfe (WHH), Concern Worldwide, and Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV). 2025.|https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2025.pdf | 2025 Global Hunger Index: 20 years of tracking progress: Time to recommit to zero hunger]. Bonn/Berlin: WHH; Dublin: Concern Worldwide; Bochum: IFHV
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17. Schmidt, Emily; Dorosh, Paul (2009). "A Sub-National Hunger Index for Ethiopia: Assessing Progress in Region-Level Outcomes" (PDF). Washington D.C., Bonn and Riverside IFPRI and Concern Worldwide . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
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19. United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). "Under-five Mortality Estimates". childmortality.org. Retrieved 14 September 2024.

Literature

• 2024 – Gender Justice, Climate Resilience and Food and Nutrition Security
• 2023 – The Power of Youth in Shaping Food Systems
• 2022 – Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance
• 2021 – Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings
• 2020 – One Decade to Zero Hunger - Linking Health and Sustainable Food Systems
• 2019 – The Challenge of Hunger and Climate Change
• 2018 – Forced Migration and Hunger
• 2017 – The Inequalities of Hunger
• 2016 – Getting to Zero Hunger
• 2015 – Armed Conflict and the Challenge of Hunger
• 2014 – The Challenge of Hidden Hunger
• 2013 – The Challenge of Hunger: Building Resilience to achieve Food and Nutrition Security
• 2012 – The Challenge of Hunger: Ensuring Sustainable Food Security Under Land, Water, and Energy Stresses
• 2011 – The Challenge of Hunger: Taming Price Spikes and Excessive Food Price Volatility
• 2010 – The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on the Crisis of Child Undernutrition
• 2009 – The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on Financial Crisis and Gender Inequality
• 2008 – The Challenge of Hunger 2008
• 2007 – The Challenge of Hunger 2007
• 2006 – The Challenge of Hunger 2006