Food security in India

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Food security has been a major concern in India. In 2022, the Global Food Security Index ranked India at 68th out of the 113 major countries in terms of food security. [1] In 2023, the Global Hunger Index ranked India at 111th out of 125 countries. [2] According to United Nations, there are nearly 195 million undernourished people in India that make up a quarter of the world's undernourished population. In addition, roughly 43% of children in India are chronically undernourished. [3] Though the current nutritional standards meets 100% of daily food requirements, India lags far behind in terms of a quality protein intake at 20%; this shortcoming can be alleviated by making available protein-rich food products such as soybeans, lentils, meat, eggs, dairy, etc. more readily accessible and affordable for Indian citizens. [4] The Human Rights Measurement Initiative [5] finds that India is operating at only 56.8% of its capacity based its economic power to ensure its citizens have adequate food security. [6]

Contents


In order to ensure citizens' fundamental rights to accessible and affordable food, the Parliament of India enacted the National Food Security Act in 2013. Also known as the Right to Food Act, this Act seeks to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two-thirds of India's 1.33 billion population. [7] It was signed into law on 10 September 2013, retroactive to 5 July 2013. [8] [9]

Schemes by government

Central Initiatives

State Initiatives

Challenges for India

A lack of access to affordable and healthy foods is widespread throughout India. With over 60% of India's population depending on agriculture for their livelihoods, the agricultural sector is critical for both India's economy and food security levels across the country. [17] However, India's agricultural sector faces a growing number of challenges, including lower agricultural productivity due to climate volatility and reduced available farmland partially due to India's rapidly increasing population outpacing economic growth that strains India's natural resources and land availability. [18] India produces around 100 million tonnes of rice every year. While there might be enough food for the whole population of India, many families and especially children in India don't have access to food because of financial problems. Thus, this is the cause of millions of malnourished children around India. The cultural knowledge in India allows them to have a very nutritional and balanced diet. Nearly the whole of the Indian population has rice at least once a day which allows them to have carbohydrates in their system. Since India is most commonly known for producing and exporting rice to other countries, their lifestyle will be mainly dominated by rice. [19]

Technological solutions

India can use some methods to improve the availability and affordability of protein rich food products using the latest environmentally-friendly technology without the need of additional land and water. [20] Biogas or natural gas or methane produced from farm/agro/crop/domestic waste can also be used in addition to mined natural gas for producing protein rich cattle/fish/poultry/pet animal feed economically by cultivating Methylococcus capsulatus bacteria culture in a decentralized manner near to the rural/consumption areas with tiny land and water foot print. [21] [22]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. The availability of food for people of any class and state, gender or religion is another element of food security. Similarly, household food security is considered to exist when all the members of a family, at all times, have access to enough food for an active, healthy life. Individuals who are food-secure do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. Food security includes resilience to future disruptions of food supply. Such a disruption could occur due to various risk factors such as droughts and floods, shipping disruptions, fuel shortages, economic instability, and wars. Food insecurity is the opposite of food security: a state where there is only limited or uncertain availability of suitable food.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malnutrition</span> Medical condition caused by receiving too little or too many nutrients

Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midday Meal Scheme</span> Lunch program for students in India

The Mid Day Meal Scheme is a school meal programme in India designed to better the nutritional status of school-age children nationwide. The scheme has been renamed as PM-POSHAN Scheme. The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in government primary and upper primary schools, government aided Anganwadis, Madarsa and Maqtabs. Serving 120 million children in over 1.27 million schools and Education Guarantee Scheme centres, the Midday Meal Scheme is the largest of its kind in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">School meal</span> Meal provided to students at school

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in India</span>

The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Neolithic period. India ranks second worldwide in farm outputs. As per the Indian economic survey 2020 -21, agriculture employed more than 50% of the Indian workforce and contributed 20.2% to the country's GDP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in North Korea</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Energy in India</span>

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India has a robust social security legislative framework governing social security, encompassing multiple labour laws and regulations. These laws govern various aspects of social security, particularly focusing on the welfare of the workforce. The primary objective of these measures is to foster sound industrial relations, cultivate a high-quality work environment, ensure legislative compliance, and mitigate risks such as accidents and health concerns. Moreover, social security initiatives aim to safeguard against social risks such as retirement, maternity, healthcare and unemployment while tax-funded social assistance aims to reduce inequalities and poverty. The Directive Principles of State Policy, enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution reflects that India is a welfare state. Food security to all Indians are guaranteed under the National Food Security Act, 2013 where the government provides highly subsidised food grains or a food security allowance to economically vulnerable people. The system has since been universalised with the passing of The Code on Social Security, 2020. These cover most of the Indian population with social protection in various situations in their lives.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">REC Limited</span> Indian infrastructure finance company

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public Distribution System (India)</span> Indian food security system

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Uttar Pradesh food grain scam took place between years 2002 and 2010, in Uttar Pradesh state in India, wherein food grain worth ₹350 billion (US$4.2 billion), meant to be distributed amongst the poor, through Public Distribution System (PDS) and other welfare schemes like Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana and Midday Meal Scheme for Below Poverty Line (BPL) card holders, was diverted to the open market. Some of it was traced to the Nepal and Bangladesh borders, as in 2010 security forces seized Rs 11.7 million worth of foodgrains like paddy and pulses being smuggled to Nepal, another Rs 6062,000 worth of grains were confiscated on the Indo-Bangladesh border.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amma Unavagam</span>

Amma Unavagam(Tamil: அம்மா உணவகம்) is a food subsidisation programme run by the Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies, Government of Tamil Nadu in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Food Security Act, 2013</span> Act of 2013 which enabled food security

The National Food Security Act 2013, also known as Right to Food Act, is an Indian Act of Parliament which aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of the country's 1.4 billion people. It was signed into law on 12 September 2013, retroactive to 5 July 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ration card (India)</span> Ration Card

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Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana is a food security welfare scheme announced by the Government of India on March 26 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The program is operated by the Department of Food and Public Distribution under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution. But the nodal ministry is Ministry of Finance.The scale of this welfare scheme makes it the largest food security program in the world benefiting 81.35 crore in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indira Rasoi</span> Rajasthan initiative for food security

The Indira Rasoi scheme provides subisidized food to anyone who wants it at Rs. 8 per meal in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The state began the program in August 2020 during the pandemic lockdown. The scheme began in 213 Urban Local Bodies and was expanded. Rasoi means kitchen in Hindi. The program is subsidized by the state government. The canteens get Rs. 17 from the state government per meal.

References

  1. ↑ "Global Food Security Index (GFSI)". The Economist. 7 February 2023.
  2. ↑ "India slips in Global Hunger Index, ranks 107 out of 121 nations". Al Jazeera.
  3. ↑ "Nutrition and Food Security - UN India". UN India. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  4. ↑ "India: Global Food Security Index". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  5. ↑ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "India - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  7. ↑ "National Food Security Act" (PDF). PRS Legislative Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  8. ↑ "Press Information Bureau" . Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  9. ↑ "Food Security Act To Be Implemented From June 5". BTVI.in. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  10. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ↑ "Expenditure Budget, Union Budget 2017-18" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  12. ↑ The Gazette of India. "The National Food Security Act, 2013" (PDF).
  13. ↑ "Indira Canteen, Karnataka". Archived from the original on 8 December 2020.
  14. ↑ "Nalabothu foundation".
  15. ↑ "Tamil Nadu's Amma canteen concept catches on in other states", Live Mint , 27 March 2017
  16. ↑ How Village Restaurants Could Change The Lives Of The Rural Poor
  17. ↑ "India", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 5 September 2023, retrieved 7 September 2023
  18. ↑ "USDA ERS - India Continues to Grapple with Food Insecurity". www.ers.usda.gov. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  19. ↑ Swaminathan, M.S.; Bhavani, R.V. (2013). "Food production & availability - Essential prerequisites for sustainable food security". The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 138 (3): 383–391. PMC   3818607 . PMID   24135188.
  20. ↑ "Food made from natural gas will soon feed farm animals – and us" . Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  21. ↑ "BioProtein Production" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  22. ↑ "New venture selects Cargill's Tennessee site to produce Calysta FeedKind® Protein - Calysta". calysta.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.

Further reading

Ramaswamy, S. (2017). Food Security in India. India: MJP Publishers.

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