The Global Food Security Index consists of a set of indices from 113 countries. It measures food security across most of the countries of the world. [1] It was first published in 2012, and is managed and updated annually by The Economist 's intelligence unit.
Food security differs around the world, with some regions being much more prone to food insecurity due to both lack of fertile land, as well as capital that could procure sufficient food through the purchasing of imports. [2] This demand for food is steadily growing, especially in developing countries, with studies showing it is likely to grow between 70%-100% over the next four decades. [3] Much research is underway to increase the productivity of crops, and therefore cultivate a greater volume of food. [3] But, unless that research extends to countries characterized by poor, high-density populations, Global Food Security Index scores are likely to decrease in the coming years. [2] Some journals, such as Science, suggest that it is imported that play the biggest role in producing these index scores, as in developing countries, a much greater percentage of the working force is dedicated to agriculture, yet they remain the countries with the lowest Global Food Security Index Scores. [2] This is further illustrated by the fact that the United States and Singapore consistently have the two highest Global Food Security Index scores, even though the portion of their respective economies dealing with agriculture is comparatively negligible. [4]
The following parameters are considered for giving ranking to the countries. [5]
Source: [6]
Rank | Country | Overall score | Affordability | Availability | Quality and Safety | Sustainability and Adaptation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Finland | 83.7 | 91.9 | 70.5 | 88.4 | 82.6 |
2nd | Ireland | 81.7 | 92.6 | 70.5 | 86.1 | 75.1 |
3rd | Norway | 80.5 | 87.2 | 60.4 | 86.8 | 87.4 |
4th | France | 80.2 | 91.3 | 69.0 | 87.7 | 70.3 |
5th | Netherlands | 80.1 | 92.7 | 70.7 | 84.7 | 69.2 |
6th | Japan | 79.5 | 89.8 | 81.2 | 77.4 | 66.1 |
=7th | Sweden | 79.1 | 91.9 | 68.3 | 85.0 | 68.3 |
=7th | Canada | 79.1 | 88.3 | 75.7 | 89.5 | 60.1 |
9th | United Kingdom | 78.8 | 91.5 | 71.6 | 77.6 | 71.1 |
10th | Portugal | 78.7 | 90.0 | 77.0 | 79.8 | 64.5 |
11th | Switzerland | 78.2 | 89.2 | 76.8 | 73.5 | 69.5 |
12th | Austria | 78.1 | 91.3 | 67.1 | 81.2 | 69.7 |
13th | United States | 78.0 | 87.1 | 65.1 | 88.8 | 69.4 |
=14th | Denmark | 77.8 | 92.1 | 63.2 | 89.1 | 63.8 |
=14th | New Zealand | 77.8 | 91.6 | 67.7 | 73.1 | 75.1 |
16th | Czech Republic | 77.7 | 91.3 | 69.4 | 76.3 | 70.3 |
17th | Belgium | 77.5 | 92.6 | 64.6 | 88.4 | 61.0 |
18th | Costa Rica | 77.4 | 83.0 | 73.0 | 79.2 | 73.3 |
19th | Germany | 77.0 | 87.9 | 67.0 | 79.9 | 70.8 |
20th | Spain | 75.7 | 89.0 | 63.1 | 81.2 | 66.4 |
21st | Poland | 75.5 | 87.4 | 63.8 | 81.5 | 66.7 |
22nd | Australia | 75.4 | 93.3 | 61.1 | 84.0 | 58.8 |
23rd | United Arab Emirates | 75.2 | 86.7 | 73.8 | 81.3 | 55.2 |
24th | Israel | 74.8 | 88.6 | 67.2 | 87.4 | 52.2 |
=25th | Chile | 74.2 | 82.4 | 68.8 | 77.0 | 66.6 |
=25th | China | 74.2 | 86.4 | 79.2 | 72.0 | 54.5 |
27th | Italy | 74.0 | 89.5 | 68.7 | 75.9 | 57.3 |
28th | Singapore | 73.1 | 93.2 | 77.8 | 69.7 | 44.3 |
29th | Bulgaria | 73.0 | 85.8 | 66.5 | 79.5 | 56.6 |
30th | Qatar | 72.4 | 88.6 | 72.9 | 71.7 | 51.0 |
31st | Greece | 72.2 | 88.5 | 58.3 | 80.8 | 57.3 |
32nd | Kazakhstan | 72.1 | 78.0 | 67.2 | 76.3 | 65.4 |
33rd | Uruguay | 71.8 | 80.0 | 65.6 | 73.8 | 65.8 |
34th | Hungary | 71.4 | 86.7 | 63.3 | 74.4 | 57.0 |
35th | Oman | 71.2 | 88.6 | 64.3 | 73.2 | 53.6 |
36th | Slovakia | 71.1 | 89.1 | 55.3 | 77.9 | 57.6 |
37th | Peru | 70.8 | 79.7 | 58.6 | 75.2 | 68.1 |
38th | Bahrain | 70.3 | 91.3 | 60.1 | 76.3 | 47.3 |
39th | South Korea | 70.2 | 76.8 | 71.5 | 71.5 | 58.5 |
40th | Panama | 70.0 | 84.4 | 63.3 | 69.7 | 58.3 |
=41st | Saudi Arabia | 69.9 | 83.2 | 67.2 | 71.6 | 53.7 |
=41st | Malaysia | 69.9 | 87.0 | 59.5 | 74.7 | 53.7 |
=43rd | Russia | 69.1 | 77.8 | 61.4 | 78.7 | 56.6 |
=43rd | Mexico | 69.1 | 76.0 | 60.0 | 78.9 | 60.2 |
45th | Romania | 68.8 | 85.1 | 60.6 | 77.9 | 47.1 |
46th | Vietnam | 67.9 | 84.0 | 60.7 | 70.2 | 52.2 |
47th | Jordan | 66.2 | 85.3 | 59.8 | 55.4 | 58.9 |
48th | Ecuador | 65.6 | 70.8 | 59.3 | 69.4 | 62.0 |
49th | Turkey | 65.3 | 58.4 | 65.3 | 78.5 | 61.2 |
50th | Kuwait | 65.2 | 80.0 | 62.9 | 67.8 | 45.5 |
51st | Brazil | 65.1 | 63.0 | 58.6 | 83.9 | 56.3 |
=52nd | Dominican Republic | 65.0 | 73.4 | 65.0 | 65.3 | 53.5 |
=52nd | Bolivia | 65.0 | 71.6 | 61.6 | 71.7 | 53.2 |
54th | Argentina | 64.8 | 62.0 | 63.4 | 85.5 | 49.4 |
55th | Belarus | 64.5 | 67.8 | 61.9 | 69.0 | 58.5 |
56th | El Salvador | 64.2 | 72.5 | 71.2 | 71.5 | 38.1 |
57th | Morocco | 63.0 | 74.6 | 42.9 | 73.1 | 60.0 |
58th | Guatemala | 62.8 | 65.2 | 56.7 | 61.3 | 67.9 |
59th | South Africa | 61.7 | 63.4 | 60.1 | 66.1 | 56.9 |
60th | Honduras | 61.5 | 59.8 | 61.9 | 64.9 | 60.0 |
61st | Serbia | 61.4 | 81.5 | 49.3 | 72.6 | 37.0 |
62nd | Tunisia | 60.3 | 74.5 | 54.1 | 58.8 | 49.7 |
63rd | Indonesia | 60.2 | 81.4 | 50.9 | 56.2 | 46.3 |
=64th | Thailand | 60.1 | 83.7 | 52.9 | 45.3 | 51.6 |
=64th | Colombia | 60.1 | 64.6 | 54.6 | 63.3 | 56.9 |
66th | Azerbaijan | 59.8 | 78.1 | 56.2 | 54.5 | 44.6 |
67th | Philippines | 59.3 | 71.5 | 55.2 | 65.3 | 41.8 |
=68th | Algeria | 58.9 | 66.8 | 57.3 | 54.7 | 54.2 |
=68th | India | 58.9 | 59.3 | 62.3 | 62.1 | 51.2 |
70th | Paraguay | 58.6 | 74.3 | 47.0 | 76.3 | 32.8 |
71st | Ukraine | 57.9 | 66.6 | 48.1 | 71.3 | 43.5 |
72nd | Myanmar | 57.6 | 62.1 | 53.5 | 64.4 | 49.0 |
73rd | Uzbekistan | 57.5 | 52.7 | 56.4 | 64.6 | 57.9 |
74th | Nepal | 56.9 | 52.7 | 70.9 | 57.8 | 46.2 |
75th | Tajikistan | 56.7 | 59.8 | 56.3 | 56.5 | 53.1 |
76th | Nicaragua | 56.6 | 64.4 | 50.2 | 57.5 | 52.7 |
77th | Egypt | 56.0 | 65.2 | 54.2 | 45.9 | 55.8 |
78th | Cambodia | 55.7 | 74.3 | 54.5 | 54.0 | 33.9 |
79th | Sri Lanka | 55.2 | 61.0 | 57.2 | 55.0 | 45.3 |
80th | Bangladesh | 54.0 | 52.1 | 61.5 | 58.4 | 43.9 |
81st | Laos | 53.1 | 59.7 | 51.8 | 51.7 | 47.0 |
82nd | Kenya | 53.0 | 41.7 | 52.5 | 68.8 | 52.6 |
83rd | Ghana | 52.6 | 59.9 | 52.4 | 50.5 | 45.1 |
84th | Pakistan | 52.2 | 59.9 | 58.3 | 49.4 | 37.7 |
85th | Mali | 51.9 | 53.4 | 48.7 | 56.8 | 48.8 |
86th | Senegal | 51.2 | 57.9 | 47.8 | 53.9 | 43.5 |
87th | Botswana | 51.1 | 69.0 | 40.5 | 57.3 | 32.9 |
88th | Rwanda | 50.6 | 48.4 | 51.8 | 50.3 | 52.7 |
89th | Burkina Faso | 49.6 | 49.5 | 49.8 | 52.8 | 46.4 |
90th | Tanzania | 49.1 | 45.8 | 58.7 | 50.2 | 41.7 |
=91st | Benin | 48.1 | 50.5 | 53.6 | 48.1 | 38.9 |
=91st | Malawi | 48.1 | 33.6 | 52.9 | 52.0 | 58.2 |
93rd | Uganda | 47.7 | 48.3 | 41.0 | 45.1 | 57.0 |
94th | Mozambique | 47.3 | 42.6 | 49.4 | 41.8 | 56.5 |
95th | Côte d'Ivoire | 46.5 | 54.2 | 42.1 | 44.1 | 43.2 |
96th | Cameroon | 46.4 | 50.4 | 31.9 | 56.5 | 47.0 |
97th | Niger | 46.3 | 42.8 | 41.7 | 47.0 | 55.5 |
98th | Togo | 46.2 | 45.7 | 51.0 | 42.3 | 45.4 |
99th | Guinea | 45.1 | 37.0 | 49.0 | 39.8 | 56.9 |
100th | Ethiopia | 44.5 | 32.9 | 44.7 | 59.3 | 44.9 |
101st | Angola | 43.7 | 35.5 | 43.5 | 43.9 | 54.6 |
102nd | Zambia | 43.5 | 26.8 | 46.7 | 54.2 | 51.6 |
103rd | Chad | 43.2 | 50.1 | 40.0 | 44.7 | 35.9 |
104th | Democratic Republic of Congo | 43.0 | 46.9 | 40.6 | 43.5 | 40.1 |
105th | Sudan | 42.8 | 35.2 | 48.2 | 53.9 | 35.7 |
106th | Venezuela | 42.6 | 41.8 | 36.7 | 51.5 | 41.4 |
107th | Nigeria | 42.0 | 25.0 | 39.5 | 55.6 | 53.7 |
=108th | Burundi | 40.6 | 32.5 | 41.4 | 52.4 | 38.6 |
=108th | Madagascar | 40.6 | 39.5 | 43.0 | 34.9 | 44.9 |
110th | Sierra Leone | 40.5 | 36.6 | 35.5 | 41.8 | 49.8 |
111th | Yemen | 40.1 | 46.4 | 26.9 | 48.7 | 37.8 |
112th | Haiti | 38.5 | 32.8 | 49.6 | 37.9 | 34.2 |
113th | Syria | 36.3 | 32.0 | 26.6 | 50.8 | 38.4 |
No [7] | Country | Overall Score | Affordability | Availability | Quality & safety |
1st | Singapore | 87.4 | 95.4 | 83.0 | 79.4 |
2nd | Ireland | 84.0 | 90.5 | 76.8 | 87.7 |
3rd | United States | 83.7 | 87.4 | 78.3 | 89.1 |
4th | Switzerland | 83.1 | 83.8 | 84.3 | 78.2 |
=5th | Finland | 82.9 | 84.1 | 78.6 | 91.8 |
=5th | Norway | 82.9 | 81.9 | 81.0 | 90.5 |
7th | Sweden | 82.7 | 85.0 | 78.1 | 89.4 |
8th | Canada | 82.4 | 83.3 | 80.0 | 86.7 |
9th | Australia | 82.0 | 85.6 | 76.2 | 88.9 |
10th | Austria | 81.7 | 85.4 | 78.6 | 81.1 |
11th | Germany | 81.5 | 84.9 | 79.1 | 79.8 |
12th | Netherlands | 81.4 | 86.6 | 77.1 | 79.9 |
13th | Qatar | 81.2 | 98.9 | 64.0 | 84.1 |
14th | Denmark | 81.0 | 85.4 | 74.8 | 87.2 |
15th | Belgium | 80.7 | 84.4 | 76.2 | 83.9 |
16th | France | 80.4 | 83.8 | 74.8 | 87.1 |
17th | United Kingdom | 79.1 | 83.6 | 74.4 | 80.9 |
18th | Israel | 79.0 | 83.0 | 73.6 | 83.8 |
19th | New Zealand | 78.8 | 84.6 | 75.5 | 73.5 |
20th | Portugal | 77.8 | 81.3 | 70.9 | 88.0 |
=21st | Japan | 76.5 | 82.4 | 71.0 | 76.7 |
=21st | United Arab Emirates | 76.5 | 89.8 | 63.7 | 78.5 |
23rd | Italy | 75.8 | 82.5 | 68.3 | 79.7 |
24th | Poland | 75.6 | 81.1 | 69.3 | 79.5 |
=25th | Chile | 75.5 | 80.5 | 71.3 | 74.7 |
=25th | Spain | 75.5 | 82.3 | 65.9 | 84.7 |
27th | Kuwait | 74.8 | 88.1 | 62.3 | 75.9 |
28th | Malaysia | 73.8 | 81.7 | 67.7 | 70.6 |
29th | South Korea | 73.6 | 75.8 | 71.2 | 74.9 |
30th | Saudi Arabia | 73.5 | 86.3 | 61.8 | 73.5 |
31st | Greece | 73.4 | 77.8 | 64.9 | 86.0 |
32nd | Czech Republic | 73.1 | 82.6 | 66.3 | 68.1 |
33rd | Uruguay | 72.8 | 79.3 | 66.7 | 73.3 |
34th | Hungary | 72.7 | 80.8 | 66.1 | 70.5 |
35th | China | 71.0 | 74.8 | 66.9 | 72.6 |
36th | Belarus | 70.9 | 76.0 | 62.9 | 80.2 |
37th | Argentina | 70.8 | 78.9 | 60.2 | 79.5 |
38th | Romania | 70.2 | 79.3 | 64.3 | 64.1 |
=39th | Brazil | 70.1 | 77.0 | 58.8 | 84.0 |
=39th | Costa Rica | 70.1 | 75.6 | 63.1 | 75.6 |
41st | Turkey | 69.8 | 74.7 | 64.8 | 71.1 |
42nd | Russia | 69.7 | 79.8 | 60.1 | 70.9 |
=43rd | Colombia | 69.4 | 73.7 | 65.6 | 69.3 |
=43rd | Mexico | 69.4 | 74.9 | 62.3 | 75.2 |
45th | Panama | 68.8 | 73.8 | 63.1 | 71.8 |
46th | Oman | 68.4 | 77.8 | 57.6 | 74.4 |
47th | Slovakia | 68.3 | 78.6 | 62.1 | 59.4 |
=48th | Kazakhstan | 67.3 | 77.5 | 57.7 | 68.3 |
=48th | South Africa | 67.3 | 70.8 | 64.5 | 66.2 |
50th | Bahrain | 66.6 | 81.9 | 56.3 | 56.9 |
51st | Bulgaria | 66.2 | 79.0 | 54.2 | 66.8 |
52nd | Thailand | 65.1 | 77.1 | 58.7 | 52.6 |
53rd | Azerbaijan | 64.8 | 75.3 | 59.2 | 54.0 |
54th | Vietnam | 64.6 | 75.1 | 59.7 | 51.7 |
55th | Egypt | 64.5 | 57.6 | 70.2 | 65.9 |
56th | Dominican Republic | 64.2 | 68.4 | 61.0 | 62.3 |
57th | Botswana | 63.8 | 69.5 | 61.3 | 56.6 |
58th | Peru | 63.3 | 69.1 | 59.0 | 60.4 |
=59th | Ghana | 62.8 | 66.3 | 61.7 | 57.1 |
=59th | Morocco | 62.8 | 61.5 | 64.2 | 61.9 |
=59th | Serbia | 62.8 | 73.9 | 53.0 | 61.8 |
62nd | Indonesia | 62.6 | 70.4 | 61.3 | 47.1 |
63rd | Ecuador | 61.8 | 69.4 | 56.1 | 58.4 |
=64th | Jordan | 61.0 | 70.5 | 54.8 | 54.2 |
=64th | Philippines | 61.0 | 68.9 | 57.7 | 50.3 |
66th | Sri Lanka | 60.8 | 65.0 | 60.0 | 52.4 |
67th | El Salvador | 60.7 | 63.8 | 58.6 | 58.9 |
68th | Guatemala | 60.6 | 65.3 | 57.6 | 57.5 |
69th | Tunisia | 60.1 | 61.5 | 58.0 | 62.2 |
70th | Algeria | 59.8 | 66.9 | 55.8 | 53.0 |
71st | Uzbekistan | 59.0 | 65.6 | 55.1 | 53.4 |
72nd | India | 58.9 | 64.2 | 58.4 | 47.0 |
73rd | Honduras | 58.0 | 57.2 | 57.8 | 60.6 |
74th | Paraguay | 57.9 | 72.0 | 42.4 | 65.4 |
75th | Bolivia | 57.7 | 65.8 | 50.0 | 58.3 |
76th | Ukraine | 57.1 | 63.9 | 50.0 | 59.6 |
77th | Myanmar | 57.0 | 59.1 | 57.2 | 51.3 |
78th | Pakistan | 56.8 | 63.2 | 55.7 | 43.6 |
79th | Nepal | 56.4 | 58.5 | 55.4 | 53.7 |
80th | Mali | 54.4 | 45.9 | 60.1 | 59.9 |
81st | Senegal | 54.3 | 51.6 | 56.1 | 56.1 |
82nd | Nicaragua | 54.2 | 63.5 | 47.9 | 48.2 |
83rd | Bangladesh | 53.2 | 60.4 | 54.8 | 30.6 |
84th | Côte d'Ivoire | 52.3 | 53.5 | 58.1 | 33.1 |
85th | Benin | 51.0 | 48.6 | 54.9 | 46.4 |
86th | Kenya | 50.7 | 56.7 | 48.0 | 43.2 |
87th | Burkina Faso | 50.1 | 47.0 | 55.9 | 41.6 |
88th | Cameroon | 49.9 | 53.7 | 47.6 | 47.0 |
89th | Niger | 49.6 | 50.2 | 53.6 | 37.4 |
90th | Cambodia | 49.4 | 56.7 | 48.1 | 34.6 |
91st | Ethiopia | 49.2 | 49.7 | 52.6 | 39.0 |
92nd | Laos | 49.1 | 55.5 | 47.6 | 37.4 |
93rd | Tajikistan | 49.0 | 58.8 | 41.1 | 46.6 |
94th | Nigeria | 48.4 | 50.4 | 45.8 | 50.7 |
95th | Rwanda | 48.2 | 43.8 | 52.0 | 48.5 |
96th | Tanzania | 47.6 | 45.1 | 50.4 | 45.9 |
97th | Guinea | 46.7 | 47.4 | 52.4 | 29.0 |
98th | Uganda | 46.2 | 45.8 | 45.5 | 49.1 |
99th | Sudan | 45.7 | 47.1 | 44.4 | 46.0 |
100th | Angola | 45.5 | 51.3 | 40.5 | 44.9 |
101st | Zambia | 44.4 | 41.8 | 50.7 | 33.6 |
102nd | Togo | 44.0 | 45.6 | 47.2 | 31.0 |
103rd | Haiti | 43.3 | 50.3 | 39.6 | 35.9 |
104th | Malawi | 42.5 | 39.4 | 48.6 | 33.1 |
105th | Mozambique | 41.4 | 42.5 | 47.9 | 20.6 |
106th | Sierra Leone | 39.0 | 40.8 | 40.3 | 30.6 |
107th | Syria | 38.4 | 34.6 | 38.9 | 46.4 |
108th | Madagascar | 37.9 | 35.7 | 45.7 | 22.1 |
109th | Chad | 36.9 | 40.3 | 34.9 | 33.5 |
110th | Congo (Dem. Rep.) | 35.7 | 37.3 | 40.0 | 19.8 |
111th | Yemen | 35.6 | 45.5 | 28.6 | 30.2 |
112th | Burundi | 34.3 | 36.6 | 32.2 | 34.5 |
113th | Venezuela | 31.2 | 15.8 | 32.2 | 66.9 |
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The Good Country Index measures how much each of the 163 countries on the list contribute to the planet, and to the human race, through their policies and behaviors.
Food prices refer to the average price level for food across countries, regions and on a global scale. Food prices affect producers and consumers of food. Price levels depend on the food production process, including food marketing and food distribution. Fluctuation in food prices is determined by a number of compounding factors. Geopolitical events, global demand, exchange rates, government policy, diseases and crop yield, energy costs, availability of natural resources for agriculture, food speculation, changes in the use of soil and weather events directly affect food prices. To a certain extent, adverse price trends can be counteracted by food politics.
Food security has been a major concern in India. In 2022, the Global Food Security Index ranked India at 68th out of the 113 major countries in terms of food security. In 2023, the Global Hunger Index ranked India at 111th out of 125 countries. According to United Nations, there are nearly 195 million undernourished people in India that make up a quarter of the world's undernourished population. In addition, roughly 43% of children in India are chronically undernourished. Though the current nutritional standards meets 100% of daily food requirements, India lags far behind in terms of a quality protein intake at 20%; this shortcoming can be alleviated by making available protein-rich food products such as soybeans, lentils, meat, eggs, dairy, etc. more readily accessible and affordable for Indian citizens. The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that India is operating at only 56.8% of its capacity based its economic power to ensure its citizens have adequate food security.
John Hoddinott, is a Canadian economist and the Howard Edward Babcock Professor of Food, Nutrition and Public Policy at Cornell University. In 2002–2015, Hoddinott was a Deputy Division Director at the International Food Policy Research Institute. Since 1997, he has been a research associate at the Centre for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford. Hoddinott received his DPhil in 1989 from Oxford University.