Linguistic diversity index

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World map of linguistic diversity index (linearly proportional to the shading intensity). Data is from the 18th edition of Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Ethnologue 18 linguistic diversity index BlankMap-World6.svg
World map of linguistic diversity index (linearly proportional to the shading intensity). Data is from the 18th edition of Ethnologue: Languages of the World.

Linguistic diversity index (LDI) may refer to either Greenberg's (language) Diversity Index [1] or the related Index of Linguistic Diversity (ILD) from Terralingua, which measures changes in the underlying LDI over time. [2]

Contents

Greenberg's Diversity Index (LDI) is the probability that two people selected from the population at random will have different mother tongues; it therefore ranges from 0 (everyone has the same mother tongue) to 1 (no two people have the same mother tongue). [3] The ILD measures how the LDI has changed over time; a global ILD of 0.8 indicates a 20% loss of diversity since 1970, but ratios above 1 are possible, and have appeared in regional indexes. [4]

The computation of the diversity index is based on the population of each language as a proportion of the total population. The index cannot fully account for the vitality of languages. Also, the distinction between a language and a dialect is fluid and often political. A great number of languages are considered to be dialects of another language by some experts and separate languages by others. The index does not consider how different the languages are from each other, nor does it account for second language usage; it considers only the total number of distinct languages, and their relative frequency as mother tongues. [5]

Rankings by country

The UNESCO report cites an earlier (2005) edition of the Ethnologue as its own source for this particular data. The UNESCO report remains a useful independent source and benchmark year because of its wider availability. Footnotes do warn that the precise numbers should be used with some skepticism.

SIL International (2017) [6] UNESCO (2009) [7]
RankCountry / regionLDI
1Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea 0.988
2Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 0.974
3Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu 0.973
4Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands 0.968
5Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic 0.959
6Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.948
7Flag of Benin.svg Benin 0.933
8Flag of Chad.svg Chad 0.933
9Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan 0.929
10Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda 0.929
11Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya 0.927
12Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique 0.926
13Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia 0.917
14Flag of India.svg India 0.914
15Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo 0.905
16Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast 0.900
17Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 0.890
18Flag of Mali.svg Mali 0.873
19Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 0.871
20Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania 0.871
21Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 0.862
22Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau 0.859
23Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 0.858
24Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon 0.846
25Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 0.842
26Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone 0.841
27Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia 0.830
28Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan 0.827
29Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 0.825
30Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo 0.821
31Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor 0.819
32Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 0.816
33Flag of Sint Maarten.svg Sint Maarten 0.816
34Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan 0.790
35Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar 0.789
36Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia 0.779
37Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal 0.778
38Flag of The Gambia.svg The Gambia 0.776
39Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 0.761
40Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore 0.761
41Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 0.755
42Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 0.752
43Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 0.752
44Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia 0.751
45Flags of New Caledonia.svg New Caledonia 0.750
46Flag of Angola.svg Angola 0.748
47Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea 0.748
48Flag of Guam.svg Guam 0.736
49Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 0.735
50Flag of Belize.svg Belize 0.721
51Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso 0.721
52Flag of Israel.svg Israel 0.719
53Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg Northern Mariana Islands 0.719
54Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname 0.709
55Flag of the Netherlands.svg Caribbean Netherlands 0.707
56Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 0.707
57Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 0.700
58Flag of Oman.svg Oman 0.698
59Flag of Laos.svg Laos 0.697
60Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.694
61Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi 0.692
62Flag of France.svg Saint Martin 0.689
63Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 0.683
64Flag of Tokelau.svg Tokelau 0.679
65Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea 0.672
66Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra 0.671
67Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain 0.658
68Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco 0.652
69Flag of Iran.svg Iran 0.638
70Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji 0.632
71Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe 0.630
72Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 0.622
73Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 0.605
74Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 0.603
75Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago 0.599
76Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 0.597
77Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen 0.581
78Flag of Niger.svg Niger 0.571
79Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei 0.570
80Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia 0.565
81Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros 0.551
82Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 0.550
83Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg United States Virgin Islands 0.550
84Flag of France.svg French Guiana 0.549
85Flag of France.svg Wallis and Futuna 0.548
86Flag of Libya.svg Libya 0.538
87Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 0.526
88Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar 0.522
89Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 0.521
90Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala 0.518
91Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda 0.515
92Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana 0.514
93Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 0.514
94Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 0.512
95Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar 0.511
96Flag of the Bahamas.svg The Bahamas 0.509
97Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti 0.504
98Flag of Albania.svg Albania 0.503
99Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados 0.500
100Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands 0.500
101Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 0.498
102Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 0.495
103Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan 0.489
104Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 0.489
105Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru 0.487
106Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands 0.475
107Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 0.473
108Flag of Palau.svg Palau 0.470
109Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan 0.466
110Flag of French Polynesia.svg French Polynesia 0.463
111Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 0.461
112Flag of Italy.svg Italy 0.460
113Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan 0.459
114Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands 0.457
115Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan 0.457
116Flag of France.svg Réunion 0.452
117Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka 0.446
118Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 0.444
119Flag of France.svg Mayotte 0.438
120Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba 0.429
121Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 0.427
122Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 0.411
123Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 0.405
124Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 0.404
125Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana 0.397
126Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 0.389
127Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria 0.363
128Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 0.360
129Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia 0.350
130Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 0.345
131Flag of Peru.svg Peru 0.339
132Flag of Germany.svg Germany 0.336
133Flag of the United States.svg United States 0.333
134Flag of Norfolk Island.svg Norfolk Island 0.325
135Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 0.318
136Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica 0.313
137Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan 0.307
138Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine 0.303
139Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 0.291
140Flag of Panama.svg Panama 0.287
141Flag of Curacao.svg Curaçao 0.285
142Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea 0.284
143Flag of Russia.svg Russia 0.283
144Flag of Spain.svg Spain 0.276
145Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan 0.276
146Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 0.274
147Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 0.267
148Flag of Malta.svg Malta 0.255
149Flag of Macau.svg Macau 0.253
150Flag of France.svg France 0.252
151Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 0.247
152Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro 0.244
153Flag of France.svg Saint Barthélemy 0.244
154Flag of Austria.svg Austria 0.234
155Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands 0.232
156Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania 0.228
157Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 0.226
158Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 0.226
159Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 0.224
160Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius 0.216
161Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay 0.215
162Flag of American Samoa.svg American Samoa 0.210
163Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland 0.209
164Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong 0.205
165Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 0.202
166Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 0.198
167Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland 0.196
168Flag of Niue.svg Niue 0.192
169Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 0.182
170Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 0.179
171Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa 0.174
172Flag of Finland.svg Finland 0.172
173Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 0.167
174Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 0.165
175Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 0.154
176Flag of Romania.svg Romania 0.153
177Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands 0.146
178Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla 0.141
179Flag of Jersey.svg Jersey 0.136
180Flag of Greece.svg Greece 0.123
181Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 0.122
182Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 0.118
183Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles 0.116
184Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 0.111
185Flag of France.svg Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.110
186Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 0.106
187Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 0.102
188Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 0.101
189Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 0.099
190Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 0.092
191Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho 0.091
192Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 0.089
193Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda 0.089
194Flag of France.svg Guadeloupe 0.083
195Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda 0.076
196Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 0.072
197Flag of Norway.svg Norway 0.067
198Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal 0.066
199Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada 0.064
200Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico 0.060
201Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 0.053
202Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua 0.052
203Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat 0.050
204Flag of Poland.svg Poland 0.050
205Flag-of-Martinique.svg Martinique 0.043
206Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic 0.040
207Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 0.040
208Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras 0.039
209Flag of Chile.svg Chile 0.036
210Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica 0.036
211Flag of Japan.svg Japan 0.035
212Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 0.033
213Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga 0.029
214Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia 0.020
215Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu 0.020
216Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 0.019
217Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati 0.019
218Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica 0.017
219Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.012
220Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.010
221Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 0.010
222Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi 0.007
223Flag of Guernsey.svg Guernsey 0.007
224Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 0.007
225Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador 0.003
226Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 0.001
227Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti 0.000
228Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Isle of Man 0.000
229Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino 0.000
230Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City 0.000
231Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg British Indian Ocean Territory 0.000
232Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 0.000
RankCountry / regionLDI
1Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea .990
2Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu .972
3Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands .965
4Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania .965
5Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic .960
6Flag of Chad.svg Chad .950
7Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo .948
8Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon .942
9Flag of India.svg India .930
10Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique .929
11Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda .928
12Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon .919
13Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Côte d'Ivoire .917
14Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia .912
15Flag of Angola.svg Angola .901
16Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya .901
17Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo .897
18Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste .897
19Flag of Mali.svg Mali .876
20Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria .870
21Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa .869
22Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia .855
23Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau .853
24Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines .849
25Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan .846
26Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia .846
27Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia .843
28Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo .820
29Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone .817
30Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia .808
31Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana .805
32Flag of Iran.svg Iran .797
33Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia .792
34Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname .788
35Flag of Benin.svg Benin .785
36Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates .777
37Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso .773
38Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal .772
39Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan .762
40Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia .758
41Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand .753
42Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea .749
43Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia .748
44Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea .748
45Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore .748
46Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal .742
47Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium .734
48Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan .732
49Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan .701
50Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago .696
51Flag of Belize.svg Belize .693
52Flag of Oman.svg Oman .693
53Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala .691
54Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia .680
55Flag of Laos.svg Laos .678
56Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan .670
57Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan .666
58Flag of Israel.svg Israel .665
59Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain .663
60Flag of Norway.svg Norway .657
61Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar .656
62Flag of Niger.svg Niger .646
63Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius .641
64Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia .609
65Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar .608
66Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji .607
67Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru .596
68Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia .595
69Flag of Italy.svg Italy .593
70Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti .592
71Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova .589
72Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan .587
73Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen .579
74Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia .576
75Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra .574
76Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia .566
77Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait .556
78Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros .551
79Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada .549
80Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland .547
81Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands .547
82Flag of Austria.svg Austria .540
83Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe .526
84Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco .521
85Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar .521
86Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi .519
87Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt .509
88Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria .503
89Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg .498
90Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar .498
91Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino .494
92Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine .492
93Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China .491
94Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq .484
95Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan .482
96Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia .476
97Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco .466
98Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei .456
99Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea .453
100Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana .444
101Flag of Spain.svg Spain .438
102Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan .428
103Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina .416
104Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus .397
105Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands .389
106Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg Sao Tome and Principe .389
107Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba .387
108Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas .386
109Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan .386
110Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands .379
111Flag of Peru.svg Peru .376
112Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan .373
113Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus .366
114Flag of Libya.svg Libya .362
115Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia .359
116Flag of the United States.svg United States .353
117Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay .347
118Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania .339
119Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh .332
120Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia .331
121Flag of Panama.svg Panama .324
122Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica .313
123Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria .313
124Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka .313
125Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia .307
126Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey .289
127Flag of Russia.svg Russia .283
128Flag of France.svg France [note 1] .272
129Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1986-2010).svg Netherlands Antilles .266
130Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador .264
131Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho .260
132Flag of Albania.svg Albania .257
133Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam .234
134Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland .228
135Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria .224
136Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland .223
137Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina .213
138Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine .208
139Flag of Germany.svg Germany .189
140Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia .179
141Flag of Greece.svg Greece .175
142Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia .174
143Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia .174
144Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania .172
145Flag of Romania.svg Romania .168
146Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden .167
147Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands .167
148Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon .161
149Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary .158
150Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia .157
151Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands .145
152Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla .140
153Flag of Finland.svg Finland .140
154Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu .139
155Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom .139
156Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico .135
157Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein .128
158Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia .126
159Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand .102
160Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay .092
161Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados .091
162Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia .087
163Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua .081
164Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana .078
165Flag of Palau.svg Palau .077
166Flag of Niue.svg Niue .071
167Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde .070
168Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic .069
169Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles .067
170Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada .064
171Flag of Poland.svg Poland .060
172Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda .057
173Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras .056
174Flag of Tokelau.svg Tokelau .054
175Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic .053
176Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark .051
177Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica .050
178Flag of Chile.svg Chile .034
179Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati .033
180Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil .032
181Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia .030
182Flag of Japan.svg Japan .028
183Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands .027
184Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat .026
185Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela .026
186Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal .022
187Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia .020
188Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland .019
189Flag of Malta.svg Malta .016
190Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga .014
191Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia .012
192Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica .011
193Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis .010
194Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives .010
195Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .009
196Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador .004
197Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi .004
198Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda .004
199Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea .003
200Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa .002
201Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba .001
202Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti .000
203Flag of Saint Helena.svg Saint Helena None
204Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City None
205Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro None
206Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda None
207Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong None
208Flag of Macau.svg Macau None
209Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea None

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. Including New Caledonia, a French Overseas Territory with a high level of Linguistic Diversity Index

References

  1. Greenberg, Joseph H. (1956). "The Measurement of Linguistic Diversity". Language. 32 (1): 109–115. doi:10.2307/410659. JSTOR   410659.
  2. Harmon, David; Loh, Jonathan (2010). "The Index of Linguistic Diversity: A New Quantitative Measure of Trends in the Status of the World's Languages" (PDF). Language Documentation and Conservation. 4. nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc: 97–151. hdl:10125/4474.
  3. "Summary by country". Ethnologue. 1999-02-19. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
  4. Harmon, David; Loh, Jonathan (2010). "The Index of Linguistic Diversity: A New Quantitative Measure of Trends in the Status of the World's Languages" (PDF). Language Documentation and Conservation. 4. nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc: 106–107. hdl:10125/4474.
  5. "overview of Linguistic Diversity". terralingua.org. Archived from the original on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2014-11-18.
  6. Data published in Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth Edition . Summary by Country | Ethnologue, SIL International. Accessed on 13 October 2017.
  7. UNESCO World Report – Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue