World Intellectual Property Indicators

This article is about the World Intellectual Property Indicators. For other uses, see WIPI.

World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) is an annual statistical report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). ^[1] The publication provides an overview of the activity in the areas of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection, geographical indications and the creative economy.

The WIPI draws on intellectual property (IP) statistics collected from the 193 member States of WIPO. It provides the latest trends for IP activity at world, geographical region, country and IP office levels. WIPO has published the report annually since 2009. ^[2]

Data sources

The IP statistics data presented in the WIPI are taken from the WIPO Statistics Database and based primarily on data collected from national and regional IP offices, other competent authorities and publishers’ associations from around the world, through annual surveys consisting of multiple questionnaires. Data are also compiled by WIPO in processing international applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), the Madrid System for trademark protection and the Hague System for industrial design protection. ^[3]

Patent family and technology data are extracted from the WIPO Statistics Database and from the PATSTAT database of the European Patent Office (EPO). ^[4] Gross domestic product, income group classification and population data are from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. Geographical regions are those defined by the United Nations. ^[3]

Accessing the report and its data

The WIPI is available on WIPO website. Its underlying data can be extracted from the IP Statistics Data Center, which is WIPO’s online statistical database. ^{[1] [2] [5]}

The IP Facts and Figures report, drawn from the WIPI, serves as a quick reference guide for the most frequently used measure of IP activity. ^[6] An online statistical country profile also provides a set of IP statistics at the country level ^[7]

More comprehensive data and analysis on the WIPO administrated Systems are available in a series of three publications: PCT Yearly Review, Madrid Yearly Review and Hague Yearly Review. ^{[8] [9] [10]}

IP Statistics by IP office or by country of origin

Applications received by offices from resident and non-resident applicants are referred to as office data, whereas applications filed by applicants at their national or regional office (resident applications) or at a foreign office (applications filed abroad) are referred to as origin data. ^{[3] [11]} For statistical purposes, WIPO defines the origin of an IP application to be the country or territory of residence of the first named applicant in the application. ^{[3] [11]}

Due to the nature of the regional offices, the WIPI may use an equivalent count concept for some indicators when reporting data by country of origin. ^{[3] [11]} When this counting method is used, an application filed at a regional IP office is equivalent to filing an application in every member state of that office. To calculate the number of equivalent applications for the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI), the Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO), the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP), the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the GCC Patent Office, each application is multiplied by the corresponding number of member states. For example, an application filed at the EUIPO in 2022 by an applicant residing outside the EU is counted as 27 applications abroad – equal to the number of EU member countries, whereas an application filed by an EU resident results in a count of 1 resident application and 26 applications abroad. However, the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the European Patent Office (EPO) and the Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) do not register applications with an automatic region-wide applicability. Therefore, for these offices, each application is counted as one application abroad, if the applicant does not reside within a member state, or as one resident application and one application abroad, if the applicant resides within a member state.

Latest filing trends by country of origin

The patent, trademark and industrial design data presented in this table show the filing activity trend by country of origin and by year of filing. Data come from the WIPO Statistics Database ^[12] , which is the source of the WIPI. The data presented in this table include those received too late to be included in the WIPI and are not based on the equivalent count concept, described above.

Trademark application data refer to class counts – that is, the number of classes specified in applications. This provides the best comparison of international trademark filing activity across origins, because some jurisdictions may allow multiple classes of goods and services to be specified in a single application, whereas others require a separate application for each class. For the same reason, industrial design data refer to design counts, that is, the number of designs contained in applications. ^{[2] [11]}

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity by country of origin ^{[1] [13] [14]}

Code	Country	Patent applications in 2022	Patent applications in 2023	Trademarks applications in 2022	Trademarks applications in 2023	Industrial design applications in 2022	Industrial design applications in 2023
AD	Andorra	19	14	2,177	1,008	0	0
AE	United Arab Emirates	806	1,005	26,757	30,401	244	341
AG	Antigua and Barbuda	153	62	883	219	1	0
AL	Albania	28	28	1,523	2,138	50	234
AM	Armenia	64	85	7,298	6,766	129	81
AO	Angola	0	0	0	3,762	46	0
AR	Argentina	768	679	77,154	74,487	1,453	1,385
AT	Austria	11,088	10,866	49,745	43,595	4,812	5,067
AU	Australia	11,521	11,215	129,884	125,423	4,739	5,505
AZ	Azerbaijan	216	248	8,410	7,897	89	31
BA	Bosnia and Herzegovina	73	76	1,413	1,658	68	237
BB	Barbados	0	0	930	1,092	221	97
BD	Bangladesh	90	86	9,105	8,998	1,225	1,001
BE	Belgium	10,876	10,642	35,464	35,748	2,966	3,143
BF	Burkina Faso	8	6	198	428	8	18
BG	Bulgaria	460	448	33,673	29,347	1,798	1,190
BH	Bahrain	23	42	885	915	9	18
BI	Burundi	1	0	120	123	0	15
BJ	Benin	7	27	165	212	3	6
BN	Brunei	1	0	201	215	0	0
BO	Bolivia	14	0	4,884	0	31	0
BR	Brazil	6,940	7,302	364,220	395,165	5,575	5,768
BT	Bhutan	1	1	93	117	0	2
BW	Botswana	16	23	0	1,541	5	14
BY	Belarus	455	430	6,333	7,743	292	336
BZ	Belize	17	14	0	0	0	1
CA	Canada	25,064	24,145	99,112	92,628	3,309	4,154
CF	Central African Republic	0	1	17	23	1	0
CG	Republic of the Congo	4	4	29	90	0	8
CH	Switzerland	40,153	41,975	163,513	146,394	22,495	22,926
CI	Ivory Coast	34	19	904	1,066	150	165
CL	Chile	825	878	48,342	50,612	66	87
CM	Cameroon	51	48	673	753	26	127
CN	China	1,584,677	1,642,582	7,678,101	7,417,473	841,163	882,809
CO	Colombia	1,304	432	55,927	35,888	549	542
CR	Costa Rica	112	122	9,754	14,630	4	0
CU	Cuba	0	247	3,435	3,536	0	5
CV	Cape Verde	2	2	110	106	0	0
CW	Curaçao	0	0	799	821	0	0
CY	Cyprus	231	282	17,409	16,031	0	0
CZ	Czech Republic	1,590	1,484	30,223	29,722	2,273	1,658
DE	Germany	131,235	133,140	475,911	441,310	70,353	64,986
DJ	Djibouti	1	0	52	0	9	0
DK	Denmark	11,172	10,905	27,482	25,506	3,910	3,790
DM	Dominica	1	1	19	96	0	0
DO	Dominican Republic	51	27	10,731	10,939	12	9
DZ	Algeria	483	1,411	11,868	14,294	855	1,216
EC	Ecuador	45	60	14,951	14,115	89	52
EE	Estonia	171	282	7,282	7,160	321	345
EG	Egypt	866	812	39,862	48,959	1,887	0
ES	Spain	8,400	8,191	125,209	129,437	16,827	20,721
ET	Ethiopia	39	61	1,898	1,395	60	106
FI	Finland	10,471	11,659	24,249	19,434	1,527	1,793
FR	France	54,300	52,684	414,848	385,096	47,407	45,915
GA	Gabon	7	11	83	90	5	10
GB	United Kingdom	47,847	48,297	377,300	356,863	37,302	45,370
GD	Grenada	0	0	14	40	0	0
GE	Georgia	97	112	3,304	4,171	235	431
GH	Ghana	11	12	749	817	661	345
GM	Gambia	0	0	150	159	0	32
GN	Guinea	3	2	255	318	60	80
GQ	Equatorial Guinea	0	0	27	17	0	0
GR	Greece	1,045	1,056	0	0	1,715	1,471
GT	Guatemala	12	9	8,981	8,121	19	8
GW	Guinea-Bissau	0	0	23	29	5	4
GY	Guyana	0	0	117	77	0	0
HK	Hong Kong	2,454	1,864	46,115	48,143	2,473	2,398
HN	Honduras	2	3	2,672	3,227	1	0
HR	Croatia	251	313	9,139	7,470	783	415
HU	Hungary	999	1,048	12,644	14,036	640	709
ID	Indonesia	1,607	1,727	109,869	120,883	3,604	4,949
IE	Ireland	6,136	5,936	0	0	985	1,440
IL	Israel	17,127	15,410	15,750	13,205	1,917	1,812
IN	India	55,746	64,510	467,890	496,326	19,777	26,966
IQ	Iraq	0	746	907	0	0	0
IR	Iran	8,391	8,653	354,741	321,463	8,170	7,796
IS	Iceland	258	220	2,111	2,350	0	86
IT	Italy	26,471	26,864	193,825	196,903	52,287	60,486
JM	Jamaica	13	15	0	2,843	154	0
JO	Jordan	64	57	4,724	5,620	95	107
JP	Japan	405,373	414,479	381,826	349,693	34,512	34,589
KE	Kenya	392	390	5,233	6,022	93	158
KG	Kyrgyzstan	83	85	981	1,373	20	16
KH	Cambodia	18	23	2,643	2,234	1	14
KI	Kiribati	0	0	0	5	0	0
KM	Comoros	0	1	4	10	0	0
KN	Saint Kitts and Nevis	13	7	395	596	0	0
KP	North Korea	6,834	6,915	5,208	9,477	0	0
KR	South Korea	272,326	288,001	342,090	334,038	62,263	60,120
KW	Kuwait	0	0	6,173	0	17	0
KZ	Kazakhstan	814	833	17,109	26,846	156	161
LA	Laos	0	4	0	1,106	1	3
LC	Saint Lucia	0	0	158	151	0	0
LI	Liechtenstein	1,024	921	2,991	2,969	563	210
LK	Sri Lanka	260	299	6,532	8,428	335	198
LR	Liberia	0	1	1,308	423	12	52
LT	Lithuania	556	449	6,392	8,521	437	440
LU	Luxembourg	2,095	2,260	14,384	13,794	742	674
LV	Latvia	217	236	4,528	3,736	245	199
MA	Morocco	317	451	34,855	25,949	4,190	4,549
MC	Monaco	133	102	3,437	4,296	73	115
MD	Moldova	54	47	4,367	4,258	384	197
ME	Montenegro	11	18	0	0	2	11
MG	Madagascar	9	3	3,441	3,206	338	242
MK	North Macedonia	44	30	4,514	3,154	31	53
ML	Mali	7	17	250	322	9	29
MM	Myanmar	0	0	0	19,710	0	0
MN	Mongolia	131	81	10,221	8,490	1,062	537
MO	Macau	27	10	2,614	2,976	14	27
MR	Mauritania	5	11	102	75	2	1
MT	Malta	361	283	8,416	9,885	902	1,114
MU	Mauritius	253	215	3,342	3,966	73	144
MX	Mexico	1,769	1,774	148,327	164,776	1,179	1,162
MY	Malaysia	1,753	1,649	24,424	27,616	652	778
MZ	Mozambique	25	20	788	1,647	52	37
NA	Namibia	39	72	486	0	38	0
NE	Niger	7	13	57	40	0	1
NL	Netherlands	25,257	25,921	86,840	83,689	9,141	8,149
NO	Norway	4,995	4,740	19,838	16,154	1,346	1,647
NZ	New Zealand	2,569	2,622	29,846	29,915	1,424	1,106
OM	Oman	91	437	7,762	7,908	30	0
PE	Peru	234	234	29,560	31,355	117	128
PG	Papua New Guinea	4	0	112	0	0	0
PH	Philippines	674	927	37,766	37,832	607	874
PK	Pakistan	416	506	39,429	44,929	467	625
PL	Poland	5,316	5,944	54,990	61,730	8,425	7,003
PT	Portugal	1,716	1,638	37,953	41,217	2,151	2,030
PY	Paraguay	11	0	14,609	14,726	1	12
QA	Qatar	0	180	3,849	3,136	0	0
RO	Romania	1,080	1,082	29,217	42,823	959	1,195
RS	Serbia	211	244	9,034	10,548	227	206
RU	Russia	21,882	23,247	417,883	543,692	6,299	8,289
RW	Rwanda	8	12	777	1,442	0	0
SA	Saudi Arabia	5,012	6,510	31,151	36,945	942	1,231
SC	Seychelles	32	25	1,451	1,288	0	0
SE	Sweden	22,221	21,803	57,008	51,178	5,402	4,798
SG	Singapore	8,572	9,313	56,747	54,958	1,631	1,982
SI	Slovenia	625	549	9,873	10,413	556	417
SK	Slovakia	457	525	10,868	12,965	454	459
SL	Sierra Leone	0	0	211	312	0	0
SM	San Marino	42	35	0	0	553	31
SN	Senegal	39	22	622	464	29	26
SO	Somalia	0	0	30	0	0	0
SR	Suriname	0	0	200	271	0	0
ST	São Tomé and Príncipe	0	0	48	17	0	0
SV	El Salvador	4	9	5,441	6,573	20	92
SX	Sint Maarten	0	0	35	115	0	0
SY	Syria	131	84	0	9,647	451	532
TD	Chad	7	2	7	24	3	8
TG	Togo	5	19	216	159	2	5
TH	Thailand	1,416	1,308	36,077	40,544	4,019	4,219
TJ	Tajikistan	5	0	0	0	0	0
TN	Tunisia	225	0	4,707	0	547	0
TO	Tonga	0	0	5	47	4	0
TR	Turkey	10,414	10,110	482,496	397,679	80,557	54,783
TT	Trinidad and Tobago	7	6	973	1,178	12	0
UA	Ukraine	1,045	1,236	28,087	44,711	2,038	3,166
UG	Uganda	16	0	2,069	0	56	40
US	United States	505,682	518,791	945,376	849,951	67,327	69,076
UY	Uruguay	101	76	6,774	6,571	0	0
UZ	Uzbekistan	475	541	13,499	12,133	236	221
VC	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	2	1	107	311	0	0
VE	Venezuela	29	16	8,147	8,173	19	19
VN	Vietnam	1,057	1,119	87,482	87,038	2,365	2,168
VU	Vanuatu	2	1	36	50	6	5
WS	Samoa	0	56	386	436	9	0
YE	Yemen	13	11	3,650	3,230	56	84
ZA	South Africa	2,433	1,177	24,858	25,298	808	0
ZM	Zambia	14	6	1,134	1,499	62	173
ZW	Zimbabwe	37	33	1,018	1,133	28	26

Controversies

Taiwanese patents

Since Taiwan (ROC) is not a member of the United Nations, the number of patents filed in Taiwan is not reported. The number of patent applications filed with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office (TIPO) in 2018 was 73,431, ^[15] which would place it in 6th place worldwide for that year, or 2nd place per capita. In 2014, Bloomberg ranked Taiwan #1 in Patent Activity, using UN data. ^{[16] [17]} The last WIPO Indicators report to mention the name Taiwan was in 2017, noting the large number of patents by Foxconn. ^{[18] [19] [20] [21]}

China has been criticized for its efforts in the UN to reduce the visibility of Taiwan, ^{[22] [23]} including via WIPO; in 2020 Beijing reportedly retaliated to the failed election of a Chinese director-general of the organization by preventing the Wikimedia Foundation from gaining observer status at the WIPO, on the grounds that Wikimedia has a Taiwan subsidiary. ^{[24] [25] [26]}

References

1. "World Intellectual Property Indicators". www.wipo.int.
2. "WIPO IP Statistics Data Center". www3.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
3. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 28 April 2022. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
4. Office, European Patent. "PATSTAT. Worldwide Patent Statistical Database". www.epo.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
5. "Intellectual Property Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
6. "Publications: WIPO IP Facts and Figures". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
7. "Statistical Country Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
8. "Publications: PCT Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
9. "Publications: Madrid Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
10. "Publications: Hague Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
11. "About WIPO's IP Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
12. "About the WIPO IP Statistics Data Center". ip-statistics. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
13. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
14. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
15. "TIPO Statistics Report: Patent and Trademark Applications in 2018". Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
16. Lu, Wei; Chan, Marcus (6 August 2017). "In Global Innovation Race, Taiwan Is Tops in Patents, Israel Leads in R&D - Bloomberg". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
17. "MOST INNOVATIVE IN THE WORLD 2014: COUNTRIES" (PDF). Bloomberg. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13.
18. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2017" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
19. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2018" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
20. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
21. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
22. Horton, Chris (8 May 2017). "Blocked by China, Taiwan Presses to Join U.N. Agency's Meeting". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
23. Lee, Kristine. "It's Not Just the WHO: How China Is Moving on the Whole U.N." POLITICO. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
24. Glosserman, Brad (9 March 2020). "China loses a skirmish in fight for global influence". The Japan Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
25. Hui, Mary (25 September 2020). "Beijing blocked Wikimedia from a UN agency because of "Taiwan-related issues"". Quartz. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
26. Magnier, Mark (30 September 2020). "Beijing blocks Wikipedia from UN agency to resist 'Western values': analysts". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

External links

• World Intellectual Property Organization
• WIPO IP Statistics Data Center