Developed country

Last updated

.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
Developed countries or cities (IMF)
Developing countries (IMF)
Least developed countries (UN)
Data unavailable

World map showing country classifications per the IMF and the UN (last updated 2022). "Developed economies" according to this classification scheme are shown in blue. The map does not include classifications by the World Bank. IMF advanced economies and UN least developed countries.svg
  Developed countries or cities (IMF)
  Data unavailable

World map showing country classifications per the IMF and the UN (last updated 2022). "Developed economies" according to this classification scheme are shown in blue. The map does not include classifications by the World Bank.

A developed country (or industrialized country, high-income country,more economically developed country (MEDC), advanced country [3] [4] ) is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. [5] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. Another commonly used measure of a developed country is the threshold of GDP (PPP) per capita of at least USD$22,000. In 2022, 36 countries fit all four criteria, while an additional 17 countries fit three out of four.

Contents

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2015, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF. [6]

Definition and criteria

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others. [7] [8]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system. [9]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. [10]

Nevertheless, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as well as Australia and New Zealand. [11]

Similar terms

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "'more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century. [12]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features." [13]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries. [14] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)

The world map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media(min-width:300px){.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key,.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-wide{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}}@media(min-width:450px){.mw-parser-output .thumb .image-key-wide{column-count:3}}
.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}
Very high
High
Medium
Low
No data 2021-22 UN Human Development Report (multicolor).svg
The world map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
  •   Very high
  •   High
  •   Medium
  •   Low
  •   No data
World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
>= 0.950
0.900-0.950
0.850-0.899
0.800-0.849
0.750-0.799
0.700-0.749
0.650-0.699
0.600-0.649
0.550-0.599
0.500-0.549
0.450-0.499
0.400-0.449
<= 0.399
Data unavailable Countries by Human Development Index (2021).svg
World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2021 data, published in 2022)
  •   ≥ 0.950
  •   0.900–0.950
  •   0.850–0.899
  •   0.800–0.849
  •   0.750–0.799
  •   0.700–0.749
  •   0.650–0.699
  •   0.600–0.649
  •   0.550–0.599
  •   0.500–0.549
  •   0.450–0.499
  •   0.400–0.449
  •   ≤ 0.399
  •   Data unavailable

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries ranked from 1 to 66 in the year 2021 are considered to be of "very high human development": [15]

Table of countries by HDI
RankNationHDI
2021 data (2022 report) [15] Change since 2015 [16] 2021 data (2022 report) [15] Average annual growth (2010–2021) [16]
1Steady2.svgFlag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 0.962Increase2.svg 0.19%
2Steady2.svgFlag of Norway.svg  Norway 0.961Increase2.svg 0.19%
3Steady2.svgFlag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 0.959Increase2.svg 0.56%
4Increase2.svg (3)Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 0.952Increase2.svg 0.44%
5Increase2.svg (3)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 0.951Increase2.svg 0.27%
6Steady2.svgFlag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 0.948Increase2.svg 0.34%
7Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 0.947Increase2.svg 0.36%
8Increase2.svg (6)Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 0.945Increase2.svg 0.40%
9Decrease2.svg (5)Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 0.942Increase2.svg 0.16%
10Decrease2.svg (1)Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 0.941Increase2.svg 0.24%
11Steady2.svgFlag of Finland.svg  Finland 0.940Increase2.svg 0.29%
12Decrease2.svg (1)Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 0.939Increase2.svg 0.29%
13Increase2.svg (2)Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 0.937Increase2.svg 0.25%
Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Increase2.svg 0.15%
15Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 0.936Increase2.svg 0.25%
16Decrease2.svg (1)Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 0.935Increase2.svg 0.22%
17Increase2.svg (3)Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 0.930Increase2.svg 0.18%
18Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 0.929Increase2.svg 0.17%
19Steady2.svgFlag of Japan.svg  Japan 0.925Increase2.svg 0.27%
Increase2.svg (3)Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Increase2.svg 0.35%
21Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of the United States.svg  United States 0.921Increase2.svg 0.10%
22Steady2.svgFlag of Israel.svg  Israel 0.919Increase2.svg 0.25%
23Increase2.svg (4)Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 0.918Increase2.svg 0.58%
Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Increase2.svg 0.28%
25Decrease2.svg (4)Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 0.916Increase2.svg 0.14%
26Increase2.svg (9)Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 0.911Increase2.svg 0.80%
27Steady2.svgFlag of Spain.svg  Spain 0.905Increase2.svg 0.38%
28Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of France.svg  France 0.903Increase2.svg 0.27%
29Increase2.svg (3)Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 0.896Increase2.svg 0.41%
30Decrease2.svg (1)Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 0.895Increase2.svg 0.13%
31Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 0.890Increase2.svg 0.30%
32Decrease2.svg (6)Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia 0.889Increase2.svg 0.20%
33Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 0.887Increase2.svg 0.19%
34Decrease2.svg (1)Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 0.876Increase2.svg 0.37%
35Increase2.svg (3)Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 0.875Increase2.svg 0.73%
Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Increase2.svg 0.35%
Increase2.svg (2)Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Increase2.svg 0.64%
38Increase2.svg (2)Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 0.866Increase2.svg 0.40%
39Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 0.863Increase2.svg 0.42%
40Decrease2.svg (6)Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 0.858Increase2.svg 0.11%
Increase2.svg (5)Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Increase2.svg 0.40%
42Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 0.855Increase2.svg 0.46%
Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Increase2.svg 0.23%
44NA [Note 1] Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 0.853NA [Note 1]
45Decrease2.svg (5)Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 0.848Increase2.svg 0.09%
46Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 0.846Increase2.svg 0.20%
47Decrease2.svg (4)Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 0.842Increase2.svg 0.09%
48Increase2.svg (6)Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 0.838Increase2.svg 1.03%
49Increase2.svg (3)Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 0.832Increase2.svg 0.27%
50Decrease2.svg (1)Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 0.831Increase2.svg 0.20%
51Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 0.829Increase2.svg 0.01%
52Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 0.822Increase2.svg 0.29%
53Decrease2.svg (4)Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 0.821Increase2.svg 0.16%
54Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 0.816Increase2.svg 0.32%
55Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 0.812Increase2.svg 0.00%
56Increase2.svg (4)Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 0.811Increase2.svg 0.51%
57Decrease2.svg (2)Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 0.810Increase2.svg 0.23%
58Increase2.svg (4)Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 0.809Increase2.svg 0.43%
Steady2.svgFlag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay Increase2.svg 0.25%
60Decrease2.svg (3)Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 0.808Increase2.svg 0.21%
61Steady2.svgFlag of Panama.svg  Panama 0.805Increase2.svg 0.37%
62Increase2.svg (1)Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 0.803Increase2.svg 0.39%
63Increase2.svg (7)Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 0.802Increase2.svg 0.50%
Increase2.svg (2)Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius Increase2.svg 0.55%
Increase2.svg (4)Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Increase2.svg 0.41%
66Increase2.svg (6)Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 0.800Increase2.svg 0.75%

High-income economies

Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA, [17] and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant.[ why? ] [Note 2]

However, many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 "advanced economies". [18] [19] The OECD's 37 members are known as the "developed countries club". [20] [21] [22] The World Bank identifies 81 "high income countries". [23] Other standards, such as the 30-50 Club (GDP per capita over $30,000 and population over 50 million) have been developed to categorize highly developed and influential countries.

World Bank high-income economies

World Bank high-income economies in 2019 High-income economies 2019.png
World Bank high-income economies in 2019

According to the World Bank the following 80 countries and territories are classified as "high-income economies". As of the 2022 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $12,696 or more in 2020. [23]

36 countries and territories in Europe:

20 countries and territories in the Americas:

15 countries and territories in Asia:

eight countries and territories in Oceania:

one country in Africa:

nine former high-income economies: [24]

*Between 1994 and 2009, as a part of the Flag of the Netherlands Antilles.svg  Netherlands Antilles.

# Dissolved on 10 October 2010, succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

High-income OECD members

According to the World Bank, the following 34 members are classified as "OECD High-Income": [25] [26]

26 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

Development Assistance Committee members

Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee DAC members.svg
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee

There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), [27] a group of the world's major donor countries that discuss issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries. [28] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

23 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

two countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies

Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF IMF advanced economies 2008.svg
  Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF

According to the International Monetary Fund, 40 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies", [1] [29] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version: [17]

28 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA:

seven countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list. [17]

Paris Club members

Permanent members of the Paris Club Map of Paris Club.png
Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French : Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Comparative table (2022)

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high income" economies, according to the World Bank; and income per capita (purchasing power parity) higher than $25,000, according to the IMF.

Developed Countries
CountriesHDI [30] IMF [31] WB [32] Per capita PPP 2022 [33]
2021
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino Yes since 2021Yes since 2012Yes since 2000Yes before 2004
2020
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra Yes since 2003Yes since 2020Yes since 1990Yes before 2010
2016
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia Yes since 2005Yes since 2014Yes since 2012Yes since 2016
2015
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Yes since 2005Yes since 2015Yes since 2012Yes since 2013
2013
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Yes since 2001Yes since 1989 [34] Yes since 1996Yes since 2013
2012
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia Yes since 2003Yes since 2011Yes since 2006Yes since 2012
2011
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Yes since 2006Yes since 2009Yes since 2007Yes since 2011
2009
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Yes since 2001Yes since 2009Yes since 2006Yes since 2006
2008
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Yes since 2003Yes since 2008Yes since 2002Yes since 2007
2007
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Yes since 1998Yes since 2007Yes since 1997Yes since 2006
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Yes since 2005Yes since 1989 [34] Yes since 1994Yes since 2007
2006
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Yes since 1991Yes since 1997 [35] Yes since 1987Yes since 2006
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Yes since 1999Yes since 1997 [36] Yes since 2001Yes since 2006
2003
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 2003
2002
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus Yes since 2001Yes since 2001Yes since 1988Yes since 2002
2001
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Yes since 1995Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 2001
1999
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Yes before 1999Yes since 1997 [36] Yes since 1987Yes since 1991
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Yes since 1994Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1999
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Yes since 1992Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1999
1998
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Yes since 1996Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1998
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1998
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1998
Flag of France.svg  France Yes since 1993Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1998
1997
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1997
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1997
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1997
1996
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Yes since 1995Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1996
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Yes since 1992Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1996
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1996
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1996
1995
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1995
1994
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Yes since 1991Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1994
1992
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg Yes since 1992Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1986
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1992
1988
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1988
1987
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Yes before 1990Yes since 1945Yes since 1987Yes since 1986
In process
CountriesHDI [30] IMF [31] WB [32] per capita PPP 2022 [33]
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay Yes since 2014NoYes since 2012Yes since 2022
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Yes since 2007NoYes since 2012Yes since 2021
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago Yes since 2021NoYes since 2006Yes since 2006
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Yes since 2013NoYes since 2021Yes since 2017
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama Yes since 2019NoYes since 2021Yes since 2015
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Yes since 2007NoYes since 2017Yes since 2016
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas Yes since 2016NoYes since 1987Yes since 1999
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Yes since 2005NoYes since 2014Yes since 2014
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Yes since 2014NoYes since 1987Yes since 1992
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Yes since 2003NoYes since 2009Yes since 2014
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain Yes since 2012NoYes since 2001Yes since 1983
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman Yes since 2012NoYes since 2007Yes since 1990
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Yes since 2010NoYes since 2004Yes before 1980
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Yes since 2004NoYes since 1987Yes before 1980
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan No data [Note 4] Yes since 1997 [36] Yes since 1987Yes since 2002
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei Yes since 1999NoYes since 1990Yes before 1985
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Yes since 1996NoYes since 1987Yes before 1980
Other recognitions
CountriesHDI [30] IMF [31] WB [32] per capita PPP 2022 [33]
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius Yes since 2019NoNoYes since 2022
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Yes since 2006NoNoYes since 2022
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro Yes since 2013NoNoYes since 2022
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Yes since 2015NoNoYes since 2021
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan Yes since 2015NoNoYes since 2018
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Yes since 2016NoNoYes since 2017
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis NoNoYes since 2012Yes since 2017
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Yes since 2013NoNoYes since 2017
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles NoNoYes since 2014Yes since 2016
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Yes since 2015NoNoYes since 2015
Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados Yes since 2011NoYes since 2006No
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein Yes since 2000NoYes since 1994No
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Yes since 2021NoNoNo
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana NoNoNoYes since 2021
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives NoNoNoYes since 2021
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica Yes since 2019NoNoNo
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Yes since 2019NoNoNo
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Yes since 2019NoNoNo
Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru No dataNoYes since 2019No
Flag of Palau.svg  Palau Yes since 2013NoNoNo
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda NoNoYes since 2012No
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus Yes since 2012NoNoNo
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco No dataNoYes since 1994No

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 HDI not available before 2018 in latest report
  2. The Developed Countries Glossary Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine entry reads: "The following countries are classified by FTSE as developed countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States."
  3. Geographically a part of Asia, geopolitically a part of Europe.
  4. The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China. [37] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology, [38] [39] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report. [40] [41]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Bhutan</span>

The economy of Bhutan is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult. Bhutan is among the richest by gross domestic product (nominal) per capita in South Asia, at $3,491 as of 2022, but it still places 153rd, and among the poorest in the world. The total gross domestic product is only $2,653 million, and 178th according to IMF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Burkina Faso</span> National economy

The economy of Burkina Faso is based primarily on subsistence farming and livestock raising. Burkina Faso has an average income purchasing-power-parity per capita of $1,900 and nominal per capita of $790 in 2014. More than 80% of the population relies on subsistence agriculture, with only a small fraction directly involved in industry and services. Highly variable rainfall, poor soils, lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure, a low literacy rate, and a stagnant economy are all longstanding problems of this landlocked country. The export economy also remained subject to fluctuations in world prices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Chad</span> National economy

The economy of Chad suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by ExxonMobil. In terms of gross domestic product, Chad ranks 143rd globally with $11.051 billion dollars as of 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of the Central African Republic</span> National economy of the Central African Republic

The economy of the Central African Republic is $2.321 billion by gross domestic product as of 2019, with an estimated annual per capita income of just $805 as measured by purchasing power parity in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of the Czech Republic</span> National economy of the Czech Republic

The economy of the Czech Republic is a developed export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing, and innovation that maintains a high-income welfare state and the European social model. The Czech Republic participates in the European Single Market as a member of the European Union, and is therefore a part of the economy of the European Union. It uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the euro. It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Czech Republic ranks 12th in inequality-adjusted human development and 24th in World Bank Human Capital Index, ahead of countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom or France. It was described by The Guardian as "one of Europe’s most flourishing economies".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Latvia</span> National economy of Latvia

The economy of Latvia is an open economy in Europe and is part of the European Single Market. Latvia is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1999, a member of the European Union since 2004, a member of the Eurozone since 2014 and a member of the OECD since 2016. Latvia is ranked the 14th in the world by the Ease of Doing Business Index prepared by the World Bank Group. According to the Human Development Report 2011, Latvia belongs to the group of very high human development countries. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly developed, along with timber and wood processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronic devices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Maldives</span> Overview of the Maldivian economy

In ancient times, Maldives were renowned for cowries, coir rope, dried tuna fish, ambergris (maavaharu) and coco de mer (tavakkaashi). Local and foreign trading ships used to load these products in the Maldives and bring them abroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Niger</span> National economy of Niger

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Niger was $13.68 billion US dollars in 2020, according to official data from the World Bank. This data is based largely on internal markets, subsistence agriculture, and the export of raw commodities: foodstuffs to neighbors and raw minerals to world markets. Niger, a landlocked West African nation that straddles the Sahel, has consistently been ranked on the bottom of the Human Development Index, at 0.394 as of 2019. It has a very low per capita income, and ranks among the least developed and most heavily indebted countries in the world, despite having large raw commodities and a relatively stable government and society not currently affected by civil war or terrorism. Economic activity centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, re-export trade, and export of uranium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Senegal</span> National economy

The economy of Senegal is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fishing and agriculture, which are the main sources of employment in rural areas, despite abundant natural resources in iron, zircon, gas, gold, phosphates, and numerous oil discoveries recently. Senegal's economy gains most of its foreign exchange from fish, phosphates, groundnuts, tourism, and services. As one of the dominant parts of the economy, the agricultural sector of Senegal is highly vulnerable to environmental conditions, such as variations in rainfall and climate change, and changes in world commodity prices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Slovakia</span> National economy of Slovakia

The economy of Slovakia is based upon Slovakia becoming an EU member state in 2004, and adopting the euro at the beginning of 2009. Its capital, Bratislava, is the largest financial centre in Slovakia. As of Q1 2018, the unemployment rate was 5.72%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Slovenia</span> National economy of Slovenia

The economy of Slovenia is a developed economy, and the country enjoys a high level of prosperity and stability as well as above-average GDP per capita by purchasing power parity at 83% of the EU28 average in 2015. The nominal GDP in 2022 is 62.191 billion USD, nominal GDP per capita (GDP/pc) in 2022 is USD 29,469. The highest GDP/pc is in central Slovenia, where the capital city Ljubljana is located. It is part of the Western Slovenia statistical region, which has a higher GDP/pc than eastern Slovenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Tanzania</span> National economy

The economy of Tanzania is a lower-middle income economy that is overwhelmingly dependent on agriculture. Tanzania's economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985. Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began, GDP per capita dropped sharply at first, and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Guyana</span> National economy of Guyana

The economy of Guyana is one of the fastest growing in the world with a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 19.9% in 2021. In 2022, Guyana had a per capita gross domestic product of $42,647 and an average GDP growth of 4.2% over the previous decade. Guyana's economy was transformed in 2015 with the discovery of an offshore oil field in the country’s waters about 120 miles from Georgetown. Crude oil production started in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Austria</span> National economy of Austria

The economy of Austria is a developed social market economy, with the country being one of the fourteen richest in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Until the 1980s, many of Austria's largest industry firms were nationalised. In recent years, privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of the Gambia</span> National economy

The economy of the Gambia is heavily reliant on agriculture. The Gambia has no significant mineral or other natural resources, and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and animal hides.

The category of newly industrialized country (NIC), newly industrialized economy (NIE) or middle income country is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by political scientists and economists. They represent a subset of developing countries whose economic growth is much higher than other developing countries; and where the social consequences of industrialization, such as urbanization, are reorganizing society.

The following is a list of international rankings of  Belarus.

References

  1. 1 2 "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  2. Least Developed Countries Archived 17 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2018 list Archived 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine )
  3. "Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries: Their Experience and Implications for Asia" (PDF). adb.org. Asian Development Bank. December 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. "Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. Developed Economy Definition Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Investopedia (16 April 2010). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  6. "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects". www.imf.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  7. The Courier. Commission of the European Communities. 1994. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  8. "Human development index". Economics Help. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  9. "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  10. "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  11. "UNCTADstat - Classifications".
  12. Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty . New York, New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN   1-59420-045-9.
  13. Wackernagel, Mathis; Beyers, Bert (2019). Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132. ISBN   978-0-86571-911-8. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  14. Lee, Eun Su; Liu, Wei; Yang, Jing Yu (23 September 2021). "Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs". International Business Review: 101925. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101925. ISSN   0969-5931. S2CID   244268711.
  15. 1 2 3 Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 272–276. ISBN   978-9-211-26451-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  16. 1 2 3 CIA (2008). "Appendix B. International Organizations and Groups". World Factbook . Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
  17. "IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p. 148" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2016.
  18. World Economic Outlook Archived 21 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine , International Monetary Fund, September 2011, p. 165.
  19. "The Hungarian Quarterly, VOLUME XLI * No. 160 * Winter 2000". Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  20. "Indian Express". Archived from the original on 27 January 2010.
  21. Minutes of Forum #26:Global Strategy Series 2 – Japan as It Should Be (Outline) | Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Archived 30 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine . Esri.go.jp. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  22. 1 2 https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups , World Bank. Accessed on 8 July 2021.
  23. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/the-world-by-income-and-region.html , The World by Income and Region, World Bank. Accessed on 8 July 2021.
  24. "Doing Business 2019 Fact Sheet: OECD High-Income" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  25. "Doing Business 2019 Regional Profile: OECD High Income" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  26. Peer reviews of DAC members – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Oecd.org. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  27. DAC website >> "The DAC in Dates" Archived 15 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine , On the DAC's self-description, see the introductory letter. On other events, refer to the relevant section by date.
  28. "World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—All countries/Advanced economies (40 countries)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  29. 1 2 3 Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN   978-9-211-26442-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  30. 1 2 3 "World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database". www.imf.org. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  31. 1 2 3 "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  32. 1 2 3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  33. 1 2 "World Economic Outlook, October 1989" (PDF). International Monetary Fund. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  34. "International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  35. 1 2 3 International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. International Monetary Fund. October 1997. ISBN   9781451945102 . Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  36. Nations, United. "Data Reader's Guide".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  37. "What is the human development index (HDI)? How are relevant data queried?" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  38. "人類發展指數" (PDF) (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  39. "National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan) - Statistical Tables". eng.stat.gov.tw. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  40. "國情統計通報" (PDF) (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 October 2022.