Contents
| Rank | Country | 2022 [1] | 2016 [2] [3] | 2013 [4] | 2012 [5] | 2011 [6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Andorra | 0.26% | — | — | — | — |
| 1 |  Monaco | 0.26% | — | — | — | — |
| 2 |  San Marino | 0.38% | — | — | — | — |
| 3 |  São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.48% | — | — | — | — |
| 4 |  Luxembourg | 0.52% | 2.43% | 2.68% | 2.65% | 2.70% |
| 5 |  Liechtenstein | 0.79% | — | — | — | — |
| 6 |  Singapore | 0.81% | 2.27% | 2.49% | 2.54% | 2.85% |
| 7 |  Belarus | 0.83% | 3.11% | 3.31% | 3.32% | 2.98% |
| 8 |  Malta | 0.94% | 0.60% | 0.61% | 0.61% | 0.72% |
| 9 |  Bahrain | 0.95% | 1.69% | 1.81% | 1.81% | 1.66% |
| 10 |  Hungary | 0.97% | 5.32% | 5.69% | 5.87% | 5.49% |
| 11 |  Czechia | 1.00% | 3.37% | 3.61% | 3.67% | 4.15% |
| 11 |  Nauru | 1.00% | — | — | — | — |
| 11 |  Slovakia | 1.00% | 3.39% | 3.63% | 3.69% | 3.38% |
| 12 |  Maldives | 1.02% | — | — | — | — |
| 13 |  Denmark | 1.03% | 2.89% | 3.10% | 3.09% | 2.86% |
| 13 |  Switzerland | 1.03% | 2.37% | 2.61% | 2.59% | 2.55% |
| 14 |  Bhutan | 1.09% | 7.51% | 7.98% | 8.17% | 13.65% |
| 15 |  Austria | 1.14% | 3.39% | 3.80% | 3.75% | 3.41% |
| 16 |  Qatar | 1.17% | 0.08% | 0.11% | 0.10% | 0.02% |
| 17 |  Palau | 1.25% | — | — | — | — |
| 18 |  North Macedonia | 1.26% | 5.87% | 6.28% | 6.10% | 6.80% |
| 19 |  Cape Verde | 1.27% | 10.39% | 10.80% | 10.88% | 9.47% |
| 20 |  Turkmenistan | 1.29% | 6.44% | 6.57% | 6.64% | 7.18% |
| 21 |  Finland | 1.30% | 2.21% | 2.28% | 2.24% | 2.06% |
| 21 |  Moldova | 1.30% | 4.79% | 5.05% | 5.23% | 4.78% |
| 22 |  Lesotho | 1.32% | 6.84% | 7.09% | 7.22% | 7.86% |
| 22 |  Togo | 1.32% | 10.36% | 10.34% | 10.64% | 10.40% |
| 23 |  Brunei | 1.34% | 17.00% | 15.58% | 15.92% | 14.08% |
| 24 |  Botswana | 1.44% | 5.14% | 5.37% | 5.21% | 5.56% |
| 24 |  Slovenia | 1.44% | 3.41% | 3.69% | 3.81% | 3.72% |
| 25 |  Tuvalu | 1.46% | — | — | — | — |
| 26 |  Benin | 1.61% | 11.39% | 11.32% | 11.42% | 10.90% |
| 27 |  Iceland | 1.65% | 1.52% | 1.55% | 1.53% | 1.56% |
| 28 |  Paraguay | 1.74% | 3.48% | 3.85% | 3.84% | 4.12% |
| 28 |  Uzbekistan | 1.74% | 8.59% | 8.66% | 8.71% | 9.37% |
| 29 |  Estonia | 1.82% | 2.36% | 2.52% | 2.50% | 2.25% |
| 29 |  Eswatini | 1.82% | 7.52% | 7.65% | 7.84% | 7.37% |
| 30 |  Serbia | 1.84% | 7.12% | 7.53% | 7.67% | 5.44% |
| 31 |  Grenada | 1.85% | 1.42% | 1.44% | 1.44% | 2.29% |
| 32 |  Barbados | 2.06% | 1.32% | 1.16% | 1.15% | 2.44% |
| 32 |  Burkina Faso | 2.06% | 9.54% | 9.72% | 9.74% | 11.58% |
| 32 |  Sweden | 2.06% | 2.12% | 2.26% | 2.15% | 2.00% |
| 33 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2.07% | — | — | — | — |
| 34 |  Ivory Coast | 2.08% | 8.88% | 8.86% | 9.00% | 9.03% |
| 34 |  Mongolia | 2.08% | 3.08% | 3.10% | 3.24% | 3.43% |
| 35 |  Latvia | 2.14% | 3.31% | 3.48% | 3.51% | 3.09% |
| 36 |  Bulgaria | 2.15% | 4.22% | 4.43% | 4.56% | 4.08% |
| 37 |  Niger | 2.17% | 11.24% | 11.62% | 11.93% | 14.03% |
| 38 |  Kazakhstan | 2.18% | 3.56% | 3.84% | 3.87% | 4.04% |
| 39 |  Azerbaijan | 2.20% | 5.54% | 6.19% | 6.25% | 5.86% |
| 39 |  Kyrgyzstan | 2.20% | 7.86% | 8.43% | 8.50% | 8.48% |
| 40 |  Lithuania | 2.24% | 2.92% | 3.18% | 3.23% | 2.89% |
| 41 |  Mali | 2.25% | 8.39% | 8.65% | 8.76% | 11.51% |
| 42 |  Marshall Islands | 2.29% | — | — | — | — |
| 43 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2.30% | — | — | — | — |
| 44 |  Tajikistan | 2.38% | 6.72% | 7.35% | 7.40% | 7.47% |
| 45 |  Zimbabwe | 2.44% | 10.06% | 9.96% | 9.87% | 9.63% |
| 46 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2.51% | 6.10% | 6.42% | 6.63% | 6.25% |
| 47 |  Seychelles | 2.54% | 2.55% | 2.58% | 2.60% | 2.68% |
| 48 |  Comoros | 2.56% | 7.29% | 7.52% | 7.45% | 6.93% |
| 48 |  Kuwait | 2.56% | 3.28% | 3.70% | 3.71% | 3.71% |
| 49 |  Nepal | 2.62% | 5.12% | 5.53% | 5.69% | 6.15% |
| 50 |  Kiribati | 2.64% | 1.78% | 1.78% | 1.78% | 1.88% |
| 51 |  Saint Lucia | 2.69% | — | — | — | — |
| 52 |  Rwanda | 2.70% | 7.09% | 7.43% | 7.60% | 8.68% |
| 53 |  Armenia | 2.72% | 6.07% | 6.91% | 7.05% | 6.36% |
| 54 |  Cyprus | 2.78% | 2.68% | 2.77% | 2.81% | 3.46% |
| 55 |  Uganda | 2.81% | 6.52% | 6.69% | 6.75% | 7.57% |
| 56 |  Laos | 2.91% | 5.59% | 5.71% | 5.73% | 5.80% |
| 57 |  Chad | 2.92% | 10.85% | 11.06% | 11.13% | 12.25% |
| 58 |  Trinidad and Tobago | 2.93% | 7.50% | 7.65% | 7.68% | 6.70% |
| 59 |  Zambia | 2.94% | 7.25% | 7.46% | 7.44% | 8.41% |
| 60 |  Burundi | 3.03% | 10.28% | 10.46% | 10.49% | 11.56% |
| 61 |  Ghana | 3.05% | 8.39% | 8.81% | 8.85% | 9.35% |
| 62 |  Bolivia | 3.07% | 4.58% | 5.08% | 5.13% | 5.16% |
| 63 |  Ireland | 3.10% | 4.60% | 4.69% | 4.50% | 4.15% |
| 64 |  Samoa | 3.15% | — | — | — | — |
| 65 |  Norway | 3.16% | 2.19% | 2.35% | 2.31% | 2.28% |
| 66 |  Romania | 3.19% | 5.92% | 6.61% | 6.78% | 6.43% |
| 67 |  Dominica | 3.27% | — | — | — | — |
| 68 |  Malawi | 3.30% | 7.98% | 8.02% | 8.18% | 8.99% |
| 68 |  Montenegro | 3.30% | — | — | — | — |
| 69 |  Central African Republic | 3.34% | 7.03% | 6.57% | 6.55% | 6.95% |
| 70 |  Equatorial Guinea | 3.36% | 4.46% | 4.49% | 4.47% | 6.72% |
| 71 |  Jordan | 3.48% | 4.58% | 4.88% | 4.90% | 5.13% |
| 72 |  Mauritius | 3.50% | 15.53% | 14.89% | 15.36% | 15.74% |
| 73 |  Lebanon | 3.52% | 5.01% | 5.05% | 5.10% | 5.01% |
| 74 |  Bahamas | 3.75% | 4.14% | 3.99% | 4.17% | 4.52% |
| 85 |  Georgia | 3.79% | 6.27% | 6.83% | 6.75% | 6.97% |
| 86 |  Antigua and Barbuda | 3.84% | — | — | — | — |
| 87 |  Ukraine | 3.89% | 2.97% | 3.14% | 3.19% | 3.02% |
| 88 |  Germany | 3.92% | 2.95% | 3.24% | 3.27% | 2.96% |
| 89 |  Tonga | 3.94% | 29.33% | 28.23% | 28.62% | 29.08% |
| 90 |  Netherlands | 4.04% | 8.24% | 8.76% | 8.49% | 7.71% |
| 91 |  Afghanistan | 4.05% | 9.50% | 9.93% | 9.79% | 14.06% |
| 92 |  Liberia | 4.11% | 7.84% | 7.71% | 7.86% | 9.20% |
| 93 |  Guinea-Bissau | 4.14% | 13.56% | 13.09% | 13.34% | 13.12% |
| 94 |  Belgium | 4.16% | 3.07% | 3.42% | 3.48% | 3.51% |
| 95 |  South Sudan | 4.21% | — | — | — | — |
| 96 |  Micronesia | 4.36% | — | — | — | — |
| 97 |  Gambia | 4.45% | 12.07% | 11.71% | 11.84% | 13.90% |
| 98 |  Poland | 4.63% | 3.20% | 3.46% | 3.53% | 3.42% |
| 99 |  Israel | 4.65% | 2.30% | 2.49% | 2.43% | 2.60% |
| 99 |  Jamaica | 4.65% | 11.83% | 12.15% | 12.15% | 12.89% |
| 100 |  Gabon | 4.72% | 6.04% | 5.93% | 6.20% | 6.30% |
| 101 |  Ethiopia | 4.80% | 7.04% | 7.36% | 7.35% | 7.09% |
| 102 |  Congo | 4.85% | 7.19% | 7.57% | 7.38% | 7.71% |
| 103 |  Croatia | 4.86% | 3.97% | 4.24% | 4.35% | 3.71% |
| 104 |  Suriname | 4.87% | 8.44% | 8.55% | 8.62% | 9.25% |
| 105 |  Uruguay | 4.92% | 4.03% | 4.09% | 4.12% | 3.94% |
| 106 |  Albania | 4.98% | 9.50% | 10.01% | 9.96% | 9.98% |
| 107 |  Sierra Leone | 5.00% | 10.21% | 10.37% | 10.58% | 11.25% |
| 108 |  Portugal | 5.08% | 3.45% | 3.80% | 3.82% | 3.62% |
| 109 |  Senegal | 5.42% | 10.38% | 10.99% | 11.08% | 11.76% |
| 110 |  United Kingdom | 5.78% | 3.54% | 3.71% | 3.65% | 3.61% |
| 111 |  Namibia | 5.93% | 5.37% | 5.68% | 5.72% | 6.63% |
| 111 |  Sri Lanka | 5.93% | 7.32% | 7.67% | 7.79% | 7.84% |
| 112 |  United Arab Emirates | 6.52% | 1.97% | 2.10% | 2.07% | 4.09% |
| 113 |  Fiji | 6.54% | 13.15% | 14.10% | 13.53% | 11.13% |
| 114 |  Guyana | 6.64% | 11.39% | 11.65% | 11.77% | 9.02% |
| 115 |  France | 6.67% | 2.62% | 2.79% | 2.78% | 2.76% |
| 116 |  Guinea | 6.84% | 8.20% | 8.32% | 8.55% | 9.49% |
| 117 |  Oman | 7.27% | 2.64% | 2.74% | 2.72% | 2.80% |
| 118 |  Belize | 7.65% | 6.55% | 6.62% | 6.63% | 5.93% |
| 119 |  Eritrea | 7.70% | 6.35% | 6.35% | 6.44% | 7.22% |
| 120 |  Cuba | 7.97% | 6.13% | 6.51% | 6.55% | 5.99% |
| 120 |  East Timor | 7.97% | 15.69% | 16.37% | 17.13% | 17.45% |
| 121 |  Cambodia | 8.42% | 16.58% | 16.90% | 17.17% | 16.58% |
| 122 |  Greece | 8.55% | 6.70% | 7.38% | 7.81% | 8.27% |
| 123 |  Iraq | 8.65% | 4.49% | 4.83% | 4.95% | 5.77% |
| 124 |  Nigeria | 9.12% | 7.98% | 8.32% | 8.28% | 9.03% |
| 125 |  Mauritania | 9.34% | 7.95% | 8.26% | 8.43% | 9.70% |
| 126 |  Italy | 9.37% | 4.42% | 4.88% | 4.82% | 4.74% |
| 127 |  South Africa | 9.42% | 5.58% | 5.80% | 5.90% | 5.71% |
| 128 |  Algeria | 9.58% | 7.36% | 8.13% | 8.15% | 8.06% |
| 129 |  Saudi Arabia | 9.64% | 1.14% | 1.32% | 1.31% | 1.26% |
| 130 |  DR Congo | 9.65% | — | — | — | — |
| 131 |  Spain | 9.68% | 3.05% | 3.38% | 3.40% | 3.29% |
| 132 |  Tunisia | 9.87% | 5.40% | 5.90% | 5.90% | 5.72% |
| 133 |  Haiti | 9.99% | 11.68% | 11.88% | 11.96% | 11.45% |
| 134 |  Sudan | 10.12% | 7.99% | 7.87% | 7.88% | 9.25% |
| 135 |  Morocco | 10.29% | 6.45% | 7.13% | 7.21% | 7.17% |
| 136 |  South Korea | 10.51% | 4.59% | 4.94% | 4.89% | 4.14% |
| 137 |  Vanuatu | 10.64% | 36.28% | 36.43% | 36.31% | 32.00% |
| 138 |  Djibouti | 10.66% | 10.30% | 9.84% | 9.96% | 7.05% |
| 139 |  Angola | 11.02% | 6.52% | 6.45% | 6.56% | 8.02% |
| 140 |  Cameroon | 11.17% | 10.91% | 11.09% | 10.96% | 14.46% |
| 141 |  Guatemala | 11.18% | 19.88% | 20.88% | 20.75% | 20.88% |
| 142 |  North Korea | 11.82% | — | — | — | — |
| 143 |  Brazil | 12.15% | 4.09% | 4.26% | 4.30% | 4.26% |
| 144 |  Syria | 12.16% | 5.69% | 5.67% | 5.68% | 6.19% |
| 145 |  New Zealand | 13.05% | 4.55% | 4.69% | 4.44% | 4.28% |
| 146 |  Dominican Republic | 13.23% | 10.96% | 11.28% | 11.63% | 12.00% |
| 147 |  Chile | 13.84% | 11.65% | 12.28% | 12.26% | 11.97% |
| 148 |  Kenya | 13.92% | 6.77% | 7.08% | 7.18% | 7.24% |
| 149 |  Costa Rica | 14.20% | 17.00% | 16.94% | 17.38% | 16.74% |
| 150 |  Libya | 14.31% | 3.79% | 3.93% | 3.80% | 3.67% |
| 151 |  Malaysia | 14.36% | 6.39% | 6.45% | 6.53% | 6.69% |
| 152 |  El Salvador | 14.37% | 16.05% | 16.85% | 16.89% | 16.49% |
| 153 |  Solomon Islands | 14.62% | 19.14% | 18.11% | 18.15% | 23.51% |
| 154 |  Argentina | 15.61% | 3.56% | 3.76% | 3.80% | 3.77% |
| 155 |  Honduras | 16.00% | 10.68% | 10.91% | 11.02% | 12.10% |
| 156 |  Turkey | 16.23% | 5.20% | 5.52% | 5.68% | 5.38% |
| 157 |  Tanzania | 16.38% | 7.65% | 7.99% | 8.11% | 8.64% |
| 158 |  Japan | 17.03% | 12.99% | 13.56% | 13.69% | 13.57% |
| 159 |  Panama | 18.38% | 7.26% | 7.49% | 7.69% | 7.70% |
| 160 |  Iran | 18.48% | 4.73% | 4.92% | 4.98% | 5.11% |
| 161 |  Canada | 18.99% | 3.01% | 3.18% | 3.18% | 2.57% |
| 162 |  Egypt | 20.65% | 2.29% | 2.34% | 2.33% | 2.38% |
| 163 |  Thailand | 20.91% | 6.19% | 6.34% | 6.44% | 6.86% |
| 164 |  Australia | 21.36% | 4.22% | 4.51% | 4.57% | 4.28% |
| 165 |  Nicaragua | 22.35% | 14.62% | 15.18% | 15.39% | 11.91% |
| 166 |  Ecuador | 22.42% | 7.53% | 7.77% | 7.94% | 8.69% |
| 167 |  Venezuela | 22.45% | 5.93% | 6.16% | 6.13% | 6.11% |
| 168 |  United States | 22.73% | 3.76% | 3.99% | 3.99% | 3.72% |
| 169 |  Madagascar | 23.48% | 11.15% | 11.23% | 11.50% | 10.27% |
| 170 |  Papua New Guinea | 24.10% | 16.43% | 15.90% | 15.81% | 15.45% |
| 171 |  Yemen | 24.26% | 5.97% | 6.03% | 5.98% | 6.83% |
| 172 |  Somalia | 25.07% | — | — | — | — |
| 173 |  Peru | 25.41% | 6.59% | 7.02% | 6.96% | 7.82% |
| 174 |  Vietnam | 25.85% | 12.81% | 12.88% | 11.21% | |
| 175 |  Russia | 26.54% | 3.58% | 3.78% | 3.83% | 3.56% |
| 176 |  Pakistan | 26.75% | 6.96% | 7.21% | 7.25% | 7.84% |
| 177 |  Bangladesh | 27.90% | 19.17% | 19.81% | 20.22% | 17.45% |
| 178 |  China | 28.70% | 6.39% | 6.97% | 7.04% | 6.90% |
| 179 |  Mozambique | 34.37% | 8.69% | 8.89% | 9.09% | 9.98% |
| 180 |  Myanmar | 35.49% | 8.90% | 9.10% | 9.15% | 8.54% |
| 181 |  Mexico | 37.55% | 5.97% | 6.39% | 6.39% | 6.53% |
| 182 |  Colombia | 38.37% | 6.45% | 6.90% | 6.89% | 6.86% |
| 183 |  Indonesia | 41.46% | 10.24% | 10.54% | 10.74% | 11.69% |
| 184 |  India | 42.31% | 26.64% | 27.17% | 22.28% | 17.68% |
| 185 |  Philippines | 46.82% | 26.70% | 27.52% | 27.98% | 24.32% |
A disaster is an event that causes serious harm to people, buildings, economies, or the environment, and the affected community cannot handle it alone. Natural disasters like avalanches, floods, earthquakes, and wildfires are caused by natural hazards. Human-made disasters like oil spills, terrorist attacks and power outages are caused by people. Nowadays, it is hard to separate natural and human-made disasters because human actions can make natural disasters worse. Climate change also affects how often disasters due to extreme weather hazards happen.
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system. It was established by Maurice Strong, its first director, after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972. Its mandate is to provide leadership, deliver science and develop solutions on a wide range of issues, including climate change, the management of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and green economic development. The organization also develops international environmental agreements; publishes and promotes environmental science and helps national governments achieve environmental targets.
A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event. Some examples of natural hazard events include avalanches, droughts, earthquakes, floods, heat waves, landslides, tropical cyclones, volcanic activity and wildfires. Additional natural hazards include blizzards, dust storms, firestorms, hails, ice storms, sinkholes, thunderstorms, tornadoes and tsunamis. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage property. It typically causes economic damage. How bad the damage is depends on how well people are prepared for disasters and how strong the buildings, roads, and other structures are. Scholars have been saying that the term natural disaster is unsuitable and should be abandoned. Instead, the simpler term disaster could be used. At the same time the type of hazard would be specified. A disaster happens when a natural or human-made hazard impacts a vulnerable community. It results from the combination of the hazard and the exposure of a vulnerable society.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development. The UNDP emphasizes on developing local capacity towards long-term self-sufficiency and prosperity.
A humanitarian crisis is defined as a singular event or a series of events that are threatening in terms of health, safety or well-being of a community or large group of people. It may be an internal or external conflict and usually occurs throughout a large land area. Local, national and international responses are necessary in such events.
The World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction is a series of United Nations conferences focusing on disaster and climate risk management in the context of sustainable development. The World Conference has been convened three times, with each edition to date having been hosted by Japan: in Yokohama in 1994, in Hyogo in 2005 and in Sendai in 2015. As requested by the UN General Assembly, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) served as the coordinating body for the Second and Third UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction in 2005 and 2015.
Emergency management is a science and a system charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. Emergency management, despite its name, does not actually focus on the management of emergencies; emergencies can be understood as minor events with limited impacts and are managed through the day-to-day functions of a community. Instead, emergency management focuses on the management of disasters, which are events that produce more impacts than a community can handle on its own. The management of disasters tends to require some combination of activity from individuals and households, organizations, local, and/or higher levels of government. Although many different terminologies exist globally, the activities of emergency management can be generally categorized into preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery, although other terms such as disaster risk reduction and prevention are also common. The outcome of emergency management is to prevent disasters and where this is not possible, to reduce their harmful impacts.
In its broadest sense, social vulnerability is one dimension of vulnerability to multiple stressors and shocks, including abuse, social exclusion and natural hazards. Social vulnerability refers to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts from multiple stressors to which they are exposed. These impacts are due in part to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, and systems of cultural values.
DARA is an independent, international organization based in Madrid, Spain. DARA was established in 2003 by Silvia Hidalgo to assess the impact of humanitarian aid and to make specific recommendations for changes in policies and practices. DARA has carried out evaluations in more than 60 crises countries for a variety of organizations including United Nations agencies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the European Commission, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
Disaster risk reduction aims to make disasters less likely to happen. The approach, also called DRR or disaster risk management, also aims to make disasters less damaging when they do occur. DRR aims to make communities stronger and better prepared to handle disasters. In technical terms, it aims to make them more resilient or less vulnerable. When DRR is successful, it makes communities less the vulnerable because it mitigates the effects of disasters. This means DRR can make risky events fewer and less severe. Climate change can increase climate hazards. So development efforts often consider DRR and climate change adaptation together.
The Chernobyl Forum is the name of a group of UN agencies, founded on 3–5 February 2003 at the IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, to scientifically assess the health effects and environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and to issue factual, authoritative reports on its environmental and health effects.
UN-SPIDER is a platform which facilitates the use of space-based technologies for disaster management and emergency response. It is a programme under the auspices of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).
Food security is defined, according to the World Food Summit of 1996, as existing "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". This commonly refers to people having "physical and economic access" to food that meets both their nutritional needs and food preferences. Today, Ethiopia faces high levels of food insecurity, ranking as one of the hungriest countries in the world, with an estimated 5.2 million people needing food assistance in 2010. Ethiopia was ranked 92 in the world in Global Hunger Index 2020.
The Emergency Capacity Building Project is a collaborative capacity-building project aimed at improving the speed, effectiveness and delivery of humanitarian response programs. The ECB Project is a partnership between seven non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and implements programs in one region and four countries known as consortia.
Climate change is a critical issue in Bangladesh. as the country is one of the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In the 2020 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, it ranked seventh in the list of countries most affected by climate calamities during the period 1999–2018. Bangladesh's vulnerability to the effects of climate change is due to a combination of geographical factors, such as its flat, low-lying, and delta-exposed topography. and socio-economic factors, including its high population density, levels of poverty, and dependence on agriculture. The impacts and potential threats include sea level rise, temperature rise, food crisis, droughts, floods, and cyclones.
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) was created in December 1999 to ensure the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
Natural and manmade disasters tend to have a disproportionate impact on people with disabilities. This issue is recognized and addressed by Article 11 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) which states:
"States Parties shall take, in accordance with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, all necessary measures to ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence of natural disasters."
Prince Notonegoro is a member of the Royal family of Yogyakarta of Indonesia as the spouse of Princess Hayu, daughter of Sultan Hamengkubuwono X and Ratu Hemas. He works for the United Nations Development Programme, Apia, Samoa.
Climate change is having serious impacts in the Philippines such as increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, sea level rise, extreme rainfall, resource shortages, and environmental degradation. All of these impacts together have greatly affected the Philippines' agriculture, water, infrastructure, human health, and coastal ecosystems and they are projected to continue having devastating damages to the economy and society of the Philippines.
Sustainable Development Goal 13 is to limit and adapt to climate change. It is one of 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts". SDG 13 and SDG 7 on clean energy are closely related and complementary.