List of countries by largest historical GDP

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This list of countries by largest historical GDP shows how the membership and rankings of the world's ten largest economies as measured by their gross domestic product has changed. While the United States has consistently had the world's largest economy for some time, in the last fifty years the world has seen both rises and falls in relative terms of the economies of other countries.

Contents

Overview of the ten largest economies

By average values of GDP (Nominal)

The ten largest economies by average values of GDP (nominal) [a] by every half decade from the available data in IMF, World Bank, and United Nations lists (in USD billions) [1] [2] [3] [4]
Year1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th
2025 [5] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
30,507
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
19,232
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
4,745
Flag of India.svg  India
4,187
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4,186
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
3,839
Flag of France.svg  France
3,211
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
2,423
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
2,225
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
2,126
2020Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
21,354
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
15,103
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
5,054
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
3,937
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,699
Flag of India.svg  India
2,675
Flag of France.svg  France
2,646
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,906
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
1,744
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
1,656
2015Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
18,295
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
11,307
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4,445
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
3,425
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,929
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
2,443
Flag of India.svg  India
2,104
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,846
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
1,800
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
1,557
2010Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
15,049
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
6,139
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
5,759
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
3,471
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
2,648
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,488
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
2,209
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
2,147
Flag of India.svg  India
1,676
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
1,633
2005Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
13,039
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4,831
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
2,895
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,546
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
2,326
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
2,193
Flag of Italy (2003-2006).svg  Italy
1,866
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
1,174
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
1,155
Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  South Korea
972
2000Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
10,251
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4,968
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
1,968
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
1,669
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
1,362
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
1,220
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,150
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
745
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
742
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
655
1995Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
7,640
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
5,546
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
2,595
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
1,596
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
1,345
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,178
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
771
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
738
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
615
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
606
1990Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
5,963
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
3,186
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
2‚660
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
1,604
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
1,261
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
1,197
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,164
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
596
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran
581
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
536
1985Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
4,339
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
2‚200
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
1,427
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
663
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
552
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
537
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
455
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
366
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
311
Flag of India.svg  India
234
1980Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
2,857
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
1,212
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
1,129
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
857
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
695
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
605
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
480
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
304
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
276
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
242
1975Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
1,689
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
686
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
513
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
475
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France
356
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
236
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
219
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
173
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
161
Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil
116
1970Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
1,076
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
433
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
209
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
209
Flag of France.svg  France
146
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
125
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
109
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
91
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
88
Flag of India.svg  India
62
1965Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
712
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
367
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
125
Flag of France.svg  France
102
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
101
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
91
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
70
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
68
Flag of India.svg  India
61
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
54
1960Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
521
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
142
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
92
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
72
Flag of France.svg  France
62
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
61
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
44
Canadian Red Ensign (1957-1965).svg  Canada
41
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
40
Flag of India.svg  India
37

By average values of GDP (PPP)

The ten largest economies by average values of GDP (PPP) [b] by every half decade from the available data in IMF and World Bank lists (in USD billions) [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Year1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th
2025Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
40,716
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
30,507
Flag of India.svg  India
17,647
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
7,192
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
6,741
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
6,161
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
5,009
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
4,958
Flag of France.svg  France
4,504
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
4,448
2020Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
25,961
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
21,354
Flag of India.svg  India
9,771
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
5,357
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
4,880
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
4,651
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
3,360
Flag of France.svg  France
3,345
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
3,223
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
3,219
2015Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
18,295
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
17,835
Flag of India.svg  India
7,032
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4,999
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
4,143
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
3,631
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
2,959
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,829
Flag of France.svg  France
2,811
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
2,520
2010Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
15,049
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
11,225
Flag of India.svg  India
4,729
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4,370
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
3,510
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
3,077
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
2,576
Flag of France.svg  France
2,448
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,364
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
2,280
2005Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
13,039
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
5,985
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
3,986
Flag of India.svg  India
3,066
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
3,011
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
2,352
Flag of France.svg  France
2,126
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
2,111
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
2,104
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
1,883
2000Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
10,251
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
3,351
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
3,338
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
2,608
Flag of India.svg  India
2,000
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,799
Flag of France.svg  France
1,743
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
1,655
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
1,557
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
1,456
1995Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
7,640
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
2,929
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
2,175
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
2,024
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,488
Flag of France.svg  France
1,385
Flag of India.svg  India
1,371
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
1,323
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
1,273
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
1,205
1990Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
5,963
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
2,500
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
2,405
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
1,744
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1,237
Flag of France.svg  France
1,144
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
1,054
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
995
Flag of India.svg  India
948
Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil
922
1985Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
4,339
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
2,500
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
1,625
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
1,262
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
908
Flag of France.svg  France
830
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
766
Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil
715
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
628
Flag of India.svg  India
608
1980Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
2,857
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
2,700
Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg  Japan
1,028
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany
922
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
623
Flag of France.svg  France
593
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
529
Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil
525
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
442
Flag of India.svg  India
366

World Bank statistics of the ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)

Angus Maddison statistics of the ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)

Main GDP countries

United States

The United States represented 28.69% of the world's economy in 1960 (highest point). It accounted for 1.8% of the world's economy in 1820, 8.9% in 1870, and 18.9% in 1913. As of 2025, the United States accounts for approximately 26.8% of global GDP (nominal) and 14.7% of global GDP (PPP), as per IMF estimates.

China

China represented 1.61% of the world's economy in 1987 (lowest point), rising to 18% (nominal) and 19% (PPP) in 2022. It accounted for 25.4% of global GDP in 1 CE, 29% of world global output in 1600 CE, 17.3% of the world's economy in 1870, and 33% in 1820 (its highest point). China's share of global GDP varied from a quarter to a third of global output until the late 19th century. [11] As of 2025, China accounts for approximately 17% of global GDP (nominal) and 19.7% of global GDP (PPP), as per IMF estimates.

European Union

As of 2025, the EU accounts for approximately 17.6% of global GDP (nominal) and 14% of global GDP (PPP), as per IMF estimates.

India

The gross domestic product of India was estimated at 24.4% of the world's economy in 1500, 22.4% in 1600, 16% in 1820, and 12.1% in 1870. India's share of global GDP declined to less than 2% of global GDP by the time of its independence in 1947, and only rose gradually after the liberalization of its economy beginning in the 1990s. As of 2025, India accounts for approximately 3.7% of global GDP (nominal) and 8.5% of global GDP (PPP), as per IMF estimates.


Notes

  1. This is, the absolute gross domestic product or total productive output of a country, not corrected by cost of life.
  2. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the exchange-rate-adjusted GDP, accounting for the value of money in different countries.

References

  1. "World's largest economies". CNNMoney.
  2. "National Accounts - Analysis of Main Aggregates (AMA)". unstats.un.org.
  3. World Bank GDP Data (December 2014)
  4. "World Economic Outlook". www.imf.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021.
  5. "World Economic Outlook (April 2025) - GDP, current prices". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
  6. "IMF historical GDP (PPP) Data (October 2014)". Imf.org. 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-10-08.
  7. "GDP, PPP; Table". Data.worldbank.org. 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
  8. "Welcome to World Bank Intranet" (PDF).
  9. "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org.
  10. Elliott, Larry (January 6, 2011). "GDP projections from PwC: how China, India and Brazil will overtake the West by 2050". the Guardian.
  11. Azar Gat (2008). War in Human Civilization. Oxford University Press. p. 517. ISBN   978-0-19-923663-3.