List of countries by largest historical comprehensive GDP

Background

When comparing the GDPs of different countries or regions by reference to their Nominal GDP (based on market exchange rates) and GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) , one approach is to take a geometric mean of the two. This is described in this article as a "comprehensive GDP". It is calculated by multiplying the two numbers and then taking the square root of their product, as shown in the formula below:

${\displaystyle GeometricMean={\sqrt {(}}Nominal*PPP)}$

This geometric mean may give a more rounded, stable, and balanced view of a country's size in the global economy. It recognizes both the international financial reality (nominal terms) and the local real purchasing power (PPP terms) without overly skewing in favor of one or the other. Additionally, the geometric mean is arguably more relevant for this purpose than the arithmetic mean.

However, there are downsides to this methodology, hence it is important to note that:

• The geometric average is less intuitive to interpret than either pure nominal or pure PPP GDP figures.
• By combining two measures, one risks glossing over important distinctions between how an economy performs on the global stage (nominal GDP) and its domestic real purchasing power (PPP).
• Many policy decisions (e.g. debt sustainability, trade negotiations) are based predominantly on nominal GDP or standard PPP GDP, rather than a blended figure.

Therefore it is advised^{[ who? ]} to view this procedure as a heuristic approach rather than a true single unificatory^{[ clarification needed ]} for the two previously mentioned methods of GDP calculation.

Overview of the ten largest economies

By geometric average values of GDP (nominal, PPP)

Statistics for future years (2025 to 2029) are IMF projections as indicated by italics.

The sorting is by nation and not by GDP amount.

The ten largest economies by geometric average values of GDP (nominal, PPP) by each year from the available data sourced from the IMF (in billions of USD/Intl$)^{[ clarification needed ]}

Year	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2029	USA 35,458	CHN 34,654	IND 12,307	DEU 6,207	JPN 6,159	GBR 4,693	RUS 4,406	FRA 4,359	BRA 4,062	IDN 3,642
2028	USA 34,096	CHN 32,904	IND 11,258	DEU 6,044	JPN 6,012	GBR 4,522	RUS 4,298	FRA 4,224	BRA 3,874	IDN 3,391
2027	USA 32,787	CHN 31,187	IND 10,298	DEU 5,883	JPN 5,813	GBR 4,362	RUS 4,179	FRA 4,091	BRA 3,695	ITA 3,173
2026	USA 31,527	CHN 29,500	IND 9,418	DEU 5,712	JPN 5,645	GBR 4,210	RUS 4,066	FRA 3,967	BRA 3,529	ITA 3,098
2025	USA 30,337	CHN 27,756	IND 8,613	DEU 5,513	JPN 5,450	GBR 4,063	RUS 3,957	FRA 3,838	BRA 3,359	ITA 3,013
2024	USA 29,168	CHN 26,028	IND 7,893	DEU 5,324	JPN 5,172	GBR 3,920	RUS 3,885	FRA 3,720	BRA 3,208	ITA 2,924
2023	USA 27,721	CHN 24,766	IND 7,222	JPN 5,196	DEU 5,158	GBR 3,741	RUS 3,618	FRA 3,586	BRA 3,112	ITA 2,834
2022	USA 26,007	CHN 23,778	IND 6,615	JPN 5,094	DEU 4,868	RUS 3,710	GBR 3,527	FRA 3,354	BRA 2,856	ITA 2,654
2021	USA 23,681	CHN 22,585	IND 6,005	JPN 5,315	DEU 4,774	GBR 3,338	FRA 3,295	RUS 3,250	ITA 2,551	BRA 2,516
2020	USA 21,354	CHN 19,486	JPN 5,203	IND 5,112	DEU 4,383	FRA 2,975	GBR 2,947	RUS 2,631	ITA 2,244	BRA 2,227
2019	USA 21,540	CHN 18,707	IND 5,307	JPN 5,259	DEU 4,415	GBR 3,085	FRA 3,063	RUS 2,787	BRA 2,499	ITA 2,373
2018	USA 20,657	CHN 17,596	JPN 5,190	IND 4,995	DEU 4,349	GBR 3,000	FRA 2,944	RUS 2,637	BRA 2,472	ITA 2,341
2017	USA 19,612	CHN 15,864	JPN 5,094	IND 4,707	DEU 4,102	GBR 2,856	FRA 2,775	BRA 2,480	RUS 2,449	ITA 2,232
2016	USA 18,805	CHN 14,547	JPN 5,044	IND 4,200	DEU 3,890	GBR 2,803	FRA 2,657	BRA 2,279	RUS 2,169	ITA 2,148
2015	USA 18,295	CHN 13,936	JPN 4,714	IND 3,846	DEU 3,766	GBR 2,878	FRA 2,620	BRA 2,308	RUS 2,220	ITA 2,101
2014	USA 17,608	CHN 13,049	JPN 4,887	DEU 4,002	IND 3,627	GBR 2,900	FRA 2,809	RUS 2,742	BRA 2,732	ITA 2,260
2013	USA 16,881	CHN 11,938	JPN 4,991	DEU 3,846	IND 3,311	RUS 2,863	FRA 2,749	BRA 2,711	GBR 2,698	ITA 2,230
2012	USA 16,254	CHN 10,741	JPN 5,375	DEU 3,701	IND 3,158	RUS 2,754	FRA 2,649	BRA 2,644	GBR 2,614	ITA 2,203
2011	USA 16,000	CHN 9,599	JPN 5,273	DEU 3,771	IND 3,043	FRA 2,711	BRA 2,673	RUS 2,585	GBR 2,550	ITA 2,325
2010	USA 15,049	CHN 8,146	JPN 5,017	DEU 3,491	IND 2,815	FRA 2,546	GBR 2,425	BRA 2,385	RUS 2,242	ITA 2,213
2009	USA 14,478	CHN 7,071	JPN 4,684	DEU 3,402	FRA 2,531	IND 2,404	GBR 2,352	ITA 2,213	BRA 1,988	RUS 1,950
2008	USA 14,770	CHN 6,390	JPN 4,725	DEU 3,653	FRA 2,665	GBR 2,654	ITA 2,373	RUS 2,362	IND 2,181	BRA 1,999
2007	USA 14,474	CHN 5,329	JPN 4,459	DEU 3,445	GBR 2,690	FRA 2,511	ITA 2,265	IND 2,144	RUS 2,018	BRA 1,753
2006	USA 13,816	JPN 4,378	CHN 4,330	DEU 3,134	GBR 2,454	FRA 2,287	ITA 2,083	IND 1,792	RUS 1,668	BRA 1,495
2005	USA 13,039	JPN 4,388	CHN 3,663	DEU 2,953	GBR 2,315	FRA 2,159	ITA 1,985	IND 1,586	RUS 1,387	BRA 1,296
2004	USA 12,217	JPN 4,310	CHN 3,153	DEU 2,872	GBR 2,194	FRA 2,065	ITA 1,919	IND 1,398	ESP 1,167	RUS 1,165
2003	USA 11,456	JPN 4,044	CHN 2,733	DEU 2,657	GBR 1,970	FRA 1,877	ITA 1,757	IND 1,229	MEX 1,061	ESP 1,045
2002	USA 10,929	JPN 3,823	CHN 2,427	DEU 2,402	GBR 1,792	FRA 1,667	ITA 1,564	IND 1,079	MEX 1,075	ESP 901
2001	USA 10,582	JPN 3,879	DEU 2,309	CHN 2,199	GBR 1,693	FRA 1,577	ITA 1,483	MEX 1,058	IND 1,020	BRA 919
2000	USA 10,251	JPN 4,080	DEU 2,266	CHN 1,987	GBR 1,662	FRA 1,541	ITA 1,438	MEX 1,012	BRA 977	IND 968
1999	USA 9,631	JPN 3,845	DEU 2,344	CHN 1,793	GBR 1,618	FRA 1,559	ITA 1,458	IND 930	BRA 904	MEX 901
1998	USA 9,063	JPN 3,595	DEU 2,321	CHN 1,664	GBR 1,567	FRA 1,529	ITA 1,447	BRA 1,076	IND 848	MEX 829
1997	USA 8,578	JPN 3,767	DEU 2,269	CHN 1,541	GBR 1,489	FRA 1,471	ITA 1,410	BRA 1,080	IND 813	MEX 776
1996	USA 8,073	JPN 3,891	DEU 2,369	FRA 1,512	ITA 1,423	CHN 1,385	GBR 1,375	BRA 1,033	IND 768	RUS 732
1995	USA 7,640	JPN 4,030	DEU 2,376	FRA 1,487	ITA 1,327	GBR 1,308	CHN 1,207	BRA 964	IND 703	ESP 691
1994	USA 7,287	JPN 3,738	DEU 2,158	FRA 1,356	ITA 1,241	GBR 1,230	CHN 994	BRA 786	MEX 749	IND 639
1993	USA 6,859	JPN 3,505	DEU 2,041	FRA 1,291	ITA 1,196	GBR 1,154	CHN 970	MEX 710	BRA 672	ESP 609
1992	USA 6,520	JPN 3,252	DEU 2,059	ITA 1,324	FRA 1,315	GBR 1,192	CHN 802	ESP 661	MEX 622	BRA 612
1991	USA 6,158	JPN 3,064	DEU 1,888	ITA 1,266	FRA 1,230	GBR 1,158	RUS 778	CHN 680	ESP 622	BRA 620
1990	USA 5,963	JPN 2,768	SUN 2,660	DEU 1,673	ITA 1,203	FRA 1,201	GBR 1,123	BRA 648	CHN 627	ESP 583
1989	USA 5,642	JPN 2,622	SUN 2,561	DEU 1,417	ITA 1,046	FRA 1,045	GBR 1,009	CHN 649	BRA 638	CAN 556
1988	USA 5,236	JPN 2,518	SUN 2,465	DEU 1,368	FRA 1,000	ITA 990	GBR 969	CHN 589	BRA 526	CAN 511
1987	USA 4,855	SUN 2,374	JPN 2,177	DEU 1,272	FRA 919	ITA 905	GBR 842	CHN 492	BRA 489	CAN 453
1986	USA 4,580	SUN 2,285	JPN 1,905	DEU 1,118	FRA 815	ITA 786	GBR 726	BRA 455	CHN 441	CAN 411
1985	USA 4,339	SUN 2,200	JPN 1,523	DEU 915	FRA 677	ITA 645	GBR 641	CHN 424	BRA 403	CAN 396
1984	USA 4,038	SUN 1,966	JPN 1,420	DEU 885	FRA 646	ITA 616	GBR 600	CHN 395	CAN 376	MEX 360
1983	USA 3,634	SUN 1,757	JPN 1,327	DEU 883	FRA 646	ITA 599	GBR 599	CHN 356	CAN 351	IND 337
1982	USA 3,344	SUN 1,570	JPN 1,221	DEU 861	FRA 644	GBR 590	ITA 574	MEX 356	CAN 326	BRA 324
1981	USA 3,207	SUN 1,378	JPN 1,208	DEU 854	FRA 634	GBR 581	ITA 559	MEX 406	CAN 318	BRA 303
1980	USA 2,857	SUN 1,210	JPN 1,077	DEU 889	FRA 642	GBR 565	ITA 564	MEX 327	CHN 287	CAN 283

Methodology

1. Data are collected from the IMF.
2. Figures for the Soviet Union rely on estimates and general historical consensus.
3. Dependent territories such as Hong Kong and Puerto Rico are counted separately.
4. Due to the lack of data, Russia's 1991 data is taken from the World Bank instead of the IMF.
5. Italics indicate future projections of the IMF.

External links

• World Economic Outlook (October 2024) - GDP, current prices
• World Economic Outlook (October 2024) - GDP, current prices
• World Bank Open Data GDP (current US$) - Russian Federation | Data
• World Bank Open Data GDP, PPP (current international $) - Russian Federation | Data

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