Net international investment position

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US Net International Investment Position US Net International Investment Position.png
US Net International Investment Position

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country. [1] External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP. [2] Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

Contents

The International investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.

World

In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world. [3] Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion. [4] By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor [3] By end-2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S. [5] At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative $16 trillion. [6]

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)

Statistics (mainly around 2024)
Countries and regionsDateNIIP [7]
(US$ millions)		Date GDP [8] [9]
(US $millions)		DateNIIP
(% GDP)
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 2024Q3-11,468202426,1302024−52.1
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 2024Q1+50,0002024260,1342024
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 2022+11,638 [10] [11] 20202,890 [11] 2022339.9 [12]
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 2024Q3-16,6232024113,2862024
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 2024Q3+75,8822024604,382202426.3
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 2024Q3-12,218202425,2512024−73.1
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 2024Q3-560,53720241,802,0062024−41.1
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 2024Q3+116,4312024535,8042024Q3+21.7 [13]
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 2024Q2-86,7462024451,4682024−13.5
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 2024Q3-19,219202473,1292024−51.7
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 2024Q3+390,8282024662,1832024Q357.3 [13]
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 2024Q1-4,03520243,1512024−104.2
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 2024Q3-11,201202448,1722024
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 2024Q3-6,872202428,4042024
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 2024Q3-980,90420242,188,4192024−39.6
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 2024Q3-5,3432024108,4252024Q3-4.7 [13]
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 2024Q3-35,867202447,1472024−94.2
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2024Q3+1,381,81720242,214,796202458.7
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 2024Q3-64,2452024328,7202024−9.4
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China 2024Q3+3,181,704202418,273,357202412.9
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 2024Q3-185,0402024417,2072024−51.7
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 2018-19,779202049,6132020−42.0
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 2024Q3-40,539202495,1492024
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 2024Q3-20,901202489,6652024Q3-22.3 [13]
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 2024Q1-30,803202434,7902024Q3-84.6 [13]
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 2024Q3-29,0742024342,9922024Q3-8.3 [13]
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 2024Q2+135,8272024412,2932024Q3+56.6 [13]
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 2024Q3-75,0642024126,2382024
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 2024Q3-277,1362024380,0342021−53.2
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 2024Q3-7,982202443,0442024Q3-13.2 [13]
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union (Eurozone only)2024Q2+1,081,2222023Q415,544,8602024
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 2024Q3+56,4092024306,0832024Q3+19.6 [13]
Flag of France.svg  France 2024Q3-801,35420243,174,0992024Q3-24.7 [13]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 2024Q3+3,707,52720244,710,0322024Q3+77.3 [13]
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 2024Q3-340,6442024252,7322024Q3-129.8 [13]
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 2024Q3+1,796,9202024368,6332021586.8
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 2024Q3-74,4742024228,8062024Q3-33.1 [13]
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 2024Q3+13,322202432,9192019(Q1)21 [14]
Flag of India.svg  India 2024Q3-351,09120243,889,130March 2020−14 [15]
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 2021Q1-273,98520211,402,5902019−30.4
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 2024Q3-465,4632024560,5662024Q3-80.1 [13]
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 2024Q3+242,7012024528,067202142.7
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 2024Q3+296,93620242,376,5102024Q3+12.2 [13]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 2024Q3+3,586,62120244,070,094202162.8
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 2024Q3-49,7912024292,5532019−36.2
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 2024Q3+120,0632024161,822201969.7
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 2024Q3-9,861202445,5212024Q3-22.3 [13]
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 2024Q3+1,112202482,7892024Q3+1.3 [13]
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 2024Q3+34,551202491,2102024Q3+37.6 [13]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 2024Q3-9,4822024439,74820205.9
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 2024Q3+24,387202424,3972024Q3+98.6 [13]
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 2024Q3-636,52020241,848,1252019−51.4
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 2024Q3-42,853202423,6692021−262.9
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 2024Q3-8,48220248,1102018−178.8
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 2024Q1-69,977202422,4952021−429.9
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 2024Q3+532,48820241,218,4012024Q354.6 [13]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 2024Q3-119,3102024252,2362019−46.2
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 2024Q3-17,964202419,4122019−119.9
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 2024Q3-71,4842024199,7212019−16.3
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 2024Q3+1,611,2082024503,7522021264.5
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 2024Q3-128,9622024374,5952021−44.5
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 2024Q3-76,574202487,3472020−122.5
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 2024Q3-101,8482024283,3092018−37.4
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 2024Q3-59,2362024470,0622020−5.6
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 2024Q3-285,1802024862,9082024Q3-30.9 [13]
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 2024Q3-197,3112024303,0322024Q3-62.8 [13]
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 2024Q3-138,2382024380,5612024Q4-40.4 [13]
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 2021Q4+486,58520211,710,734202126.8
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 2024Q3+744,16420241,100,706202173.0
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 2024Q3-55,342202482,5502019−88.5
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 2024Q3+873,3482024530,7082021276.1
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 2024Q3-73,3932024142,6172024Q3-51.0 [13]
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 2024Q3+4,660202473,1982024Q3+6.3 [13]
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 2024Q3+111,9162024403,045202129.5
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 2024Q3+977,82420241,869,916202126.4
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 2024Q3-859,31720241,731,4692024Q3-49.0 [13]
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 2018-85,180202129,7932018−248.5
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 2024Q3+331,6622024609,0392024Q3+52.5 [13]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 2024Q3+1,082,2702024942,265202198.0
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 2020+1,371,420 [16] 2021759,1042020205.1
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 2024Q3+37,4552024528,919201911.0
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 2019-63,678202144,2652019−162.6
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 2024Q3-318,21820241,344,3182021−35.3
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 2023Q4-28,879202455,5872019−60.8
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 2024Q3-15,1812024184,0992021−13.1
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 2024Q3-1,121,66720243,587,5852021−25.7
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2024Q3-23,602,593202429,167,7792022Q4 [17] −79.8
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 2024Q3+16,3262024112,653202130.2
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 2023Q4-28,516202425,9132019−116.5

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004). "Debt and the dollar: The United States damages future living standards by borrowing itself into a deceptively deep hole". Epinet.org. Archived from the original on January 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  2. ↑ Ministry of Economic and Finance of Argentina International Investment Position Methodology page.1
  3. 1 2 Aliber, Robert (31 January 2021). "Why did the United States Evolve from the Largest International Creditor in 1980 to the Largest International Debtor in 1990?". Atlantic Economic Journal. 48: 405–411. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  4. ↑ "U.S. Becomes the World's Largest Debtor Country". Los Angeles Times . Associated Press. 24 June 1986. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  5. ↑ "U.S. International Investment Position, Fourth Quarter and Year 2020". BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  6. ↑ "U.S. International Investment Position, 4th Quarter and Year 2022" (PDF). BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  7. ↑ "IMF Data". data.imf.org. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
  8. ↑ "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects". International Monetary Fund.
  9. ↑ IMF's World Economic Outlook October 2024 "By countries" document Current prices GDP in US Dollars NGDPD https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/download-entire-database
  10. ↑ "Fitch Upgrades Andorra to 'A-'; Outlook Stable". 8 July 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  11. 1 2 "GDP (current US$) - Andorra". World Bank. 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  12. ↑ "2023 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION—PRESS RELEASE; STAFF REPORT; AND STATEMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR THE PRINCIPALITY OF ANDORRA". IMF. March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 "Net international investment position - quarterly data, % of GDP". Eurostat. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  14. ↑ Central Bank of Iceland
  15. ↑ "India's International Investment Position (IIP), March 2020". Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
  16. ↑ Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
  17. ↑ "Gross Domestic Product (Third Estimate), Corporate Profits, and GDP by Industry, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022" (PDF). BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.

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