Net international investment position

Last updated

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country. [1] External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP. [2] Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

Contents

The international investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.

In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world. [3] Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion. [4] By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor [3] By the end of 2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S. [5] At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative $16 trillion. [6]

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)
Countries and regionsNIIP [7]
(US$ millions)		 GDP [8] [9]
(US$ millions)		NIIP [10]
(% of GDP)		Date
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania -11,46826,130-52.12024 Q3
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria +50,000260,134+19.22024 Q1
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra +21,4163,790 [11] +565.12023
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola -16,623113,286-14.72024 Q3
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina +75,882604,382+26.32024 Q3
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia -12,21825,251-73.12024 Q3
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia -560,5371,802,006-41.12024 Q3
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria +116,431535,804+21.72024 Q3
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh -86,746451,468-13.52024 Q2
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus -19,21973,129-51.72024 Q3
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium +390,828662,183+57.32024 Q3
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan -4,0353,151-104.22024 Q1
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia -11,20148,172-23.32024 Q3
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina -6,87228,404-24.22024 Q3
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil -980,9042,188,419-39.62024 Q3
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria -5,343108,425-4.72024 Q3
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia -35,86747,147-94.22024 Q3
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada +1,381,8172,214,796+58.72024 Q3
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile -64,245328,720-9.42024 Q3
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China +3,181,70418,273,357+12.92024 Q3
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia -185,040417,207-51.72024 Q3
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo -20,83749,613-42.02020
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica -40,53995,149-42.62024 Q3
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia -20,90189,665-22.32024 Q3
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus -30,80334,790-84.62024
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic -29,074342,992-8.32024 Q3
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark +135,827412,293+56.62024
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic -75,064126,238-59.52024 Q3
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt -277,136380,034-72.92024 Q3
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia -7,98243,044-13.22024 Q3
Flag of Europe.svg EU (only Eurozone)+1,081,22215,544,860+7.02023–2024
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland +56,409306,083+19.62024 Q3
Flag of France.svg  France -801,3543,174,099-24.72024 Q3
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany +3,707,5274,710,032+77.32024 Q3
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece -340,644252,732-129.82024 Q3
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong +1,796,920368,633+487.52024 Q3
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary -74,474228,806-33.12024 Q3
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland +13,32232,919+40.5 [12] 2024 Q3
Flag of India.svg  India -351,0913,889,130-9.0 [13] 2024 Q3
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia -273,9851,402,590-19.52021 Q1
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland -465,463560,566-80.12024 Q3
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel +242,701528,067+46.02024 Q3
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy +296,9362,376,510+12.22024 Q3
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan +3,586,6214,070,094+88.12024 Q3
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan -49,791292,553-17.02024 Q3
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait +120,063161,822+74.22024 Q3
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia -9,86145,521-22.32024 Q3
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania +1,11282,789+1.32024 Q3
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg +34,55191,210+37.62024 Q3
Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia -9,482439,748+2.22024 Q3
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta +24,38724,397+98.62024 Q3
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico -636,5201,848,125-34.42024 Q3
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia -42,85323,669-181.12024 Q3
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro -8,4828,110-104.62024 Q3
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique -69,97722,495-311.12024 Q1
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands +532,4881,218,401+54.62024 Q3
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand -119,310252,236-47.32024 Q3
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua -17,96419,412-92.52024 Q3
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria -71,484199,721-35.82024 Q3
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway +1,611,208503,752+318.62024 Q3
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan -128,962374,595-34.42024 Q3
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama -76,57487,347-87.72024 Q3
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru -101,848283,309-37.42024 Q3
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines -59,236470,062-12.62024 Q3
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland -285,180862,908-30.92024 Q3
Flag of Portugal (official).svg  Portugal -197,311303,032-62.82024 Q3
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania -138,238380,561-40.42024
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia +486,5851,710,734+26.82021 Q4
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia +744,1641,100,706+67.62024 Q3
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia -55,34282,550-67.02024 Q3
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore +873,348530,708+164.62024 Q3
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia -73,393142,617-51.02024 Q3
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia +4,66073,198+6.32024 Q3
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa +111,916403,045+27.82024 Q3
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea +977,8241,869,916+52.32024 Q3
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain -859,3171,731,469-49.02024 Q3
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan -85,18029,793-248.52018–2021
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden +331,662609,039+52.52024 Q3
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland +1,082,270942,265+114.92024 Q3
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan +1,371,420759,104+205.12020–2021 [14]
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand +37,455528,919+7.12024 Q3
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia -63,67844,265-162.62019–2021
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey -318,2181,344,318-23.72024 Q3
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda -28,87955,587-52.02023–2024
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine -15,181184,099-8.22024 Q3
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom -1,121,6673,587,585-31.32024 Q3
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States -26,230,00029,017,000-90.42024 Q4 [15]
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan +16,326112,653+14.52024 Q3
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia -28,51625,913-110.02023–2024

Creditor nations

This is a list of the top creditor nations of the world sorted by their net international investment positions (NIIPs) per capita. A creditor nation is a sovereign state that has a positive NIIP. [16] The table uses the latest available data, mostly from websites approved by the International Monetary Fund, [17] and includes Macau and Hong Kong because of their special economic statuses. Population figures may list citizens only or total population, therefore ranking and figures may vary. The 6 Gulf Cooperation Council countries are widely considered to be creditor nations (and perhaps some of the largest ones), but because of Islamic sensitivities about credit and debt, they seldom report their external assets and liabilities. [18] [19]

Country / territoryCurrency usedExternal Assets

(millions)

External Liabilities

(millions)

NIIP

(millions)

NIIP

(millions USD)

PopulationPer Capita

(USD)

Date and ref.
Flag of Macau.svg Macau –523% of GDP244% of GDP279.6% of GDP129,175601,000214,934Dec 2015 [20] [21]
Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong HKD 40,681,61130,440,44810,241,1631,309,2687,409,800176,694Oct. 2017 [22] [23] [24]
Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore SGD 4,150,3713,306,317844,054596,8593,902,700152,935Dec. 2015 [25] [26] [27]
Flag of Norway.svg Norway NOK 12,994,0596,785,4706,208,589701,9655,213,985134,631Dec. 2015 [28] [29]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland CHF 4,260,3013,651,607608,694607,7828,325,20073,005Dec. 2015 [30] [31] [32]
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan USD1,634,712580,8071,053,9051,053,90523,492,07444,862Dec. 2015 [33] [34]
Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg EUR 9,470,4819,454,00616,47517,887576,20031,043Dec. 2015 [35] [36] [37]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands EUR7,583,1867,171,832411,354446,62016,980,04926,303Dec. 2015 [36] [38] [39]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium EUR1,973,0001,719,000254,000275,77511,268,00024,474Dec. 2015 [36] [40] [41]
Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius MUR 15,178,48514,106,0851,072,40029,9341,262,86223,704Dec. 2015 [42] [43] [44] [45]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia SAR3,548,7901,283,1002,265,690604,75824,000,00025,198Dec. 2016 [46]
Flag of Japan.svg Japan JPY 948,729,000609,466,000339,263,0002,812,543127,043,00022,139Dec. 2015 [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark DKK 5,924,0005,090,000834,000121,3525,707,30021,263Dec. 2015 [52] [53] [54]
Flag of Germany.svg Germany EUR7,903,8006,415,6001,488,2001,615,78381,770,90019,760Dec. 2015 [36] [55] [56]
Flag of Malta.svg Malta EUR223,235218,7484,4874,872429,34411,347Dec. 2015 [36] [57] [58]
Flag of Israel.svg Israel USD418,535283,411135,124135,1258,464,2008,097Sep. 2017 [59] [60]
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea USD1,494,7221,173,651321,071321,07152,617,0006,104Jun. 2018 [61] [62]
Flag of Russia.svg Russia USD1,596,563772,192824,371824,371146,500,0005,627Mar. 2023 [63] [64]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China USD6,218,9054,622,4521,596,4531,596,4531,367,820,0001,167Dec. 2015 [65] [66]

Debtor nations

This is a list of debtor nations of the world sorted by their net international investment positions (NIIPs) per capita. A debtor nation is a sovereign state that has a negative NIIP, i.e. a country that has net external liabilities, not net external assets. [67] The table uses data from respective national government statistical agencies, Eurostat, or IMF. Though many do, a large portion of nations do not report data to the IMF. Note that parallel reports from government or international agencies may report vastly different data.

Country / territoryCurrency usedExternal Assets

(millions)

External Liabilities

(millions)

NIIP

(millions)

NIIP

(millions USD)

PopulationPer capita

(USD)

% of GDPDate
Flag of the United States.svg United States [68] USD31,680,10047,792,200–16,112,100–16,112,100332,300,000–48,487–63.3%4Qtr 2022
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia [69] AUD–––1,043,300–762,00024,000,000–31,758–56.8%Sep 2016
Flag of Greece.svg Greece [70] EUR–––222,323–266,78710,000,000–26,678–126.4%2014
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus [70] EUR–––24,468–29,3611,140,000–25,755–139.8%2014
Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal [70] EUR–––196,053–235,26310,500,000–22,406–113.3%2014
Flag of Spain.svg Spain [71] EUR–––978,000–978,00046,400,000–21,005–81.7%Q2 2018
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom [70] GBP–––431,454–690,32665,000,000–10,620–24.1%2014
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil [72] USD777,6741,434,811–657,136–657,136205,000,000–3,567–31.2%Jun 2015
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia [73] USD214,481627,588–413,106–413,106250,000,000–1,652–47.5%Dec 2014
Flag of India.svg India [74] USD920,6001,280,400–359,800–359,8001,410,000,000–255–11.6%Mar 2022
Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines [75] USD240,935368,557–27,603–27,603113,000,000–244–7.0%Dec 2021

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Ministry of Economic and Finance of Argentina International Investment Position Methodology Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine page.1
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  70. 1 2 3 4 "Net international investment position - quarterly data, % of GDP". Archived from the original on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
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  75. ↑ "International Investment Position Report" (PDF). The Manila Times . April 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2016-04-02.

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