List of countries by external debt

For net international debt by country (external debt owing to other countries minus external debt of other countries held), see Net international investment position. For government debts by country, see List of countries by government debt.

This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under consideration.

For information purposes, several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list. Note that while a country may have a relatively large external debt (either in absolute or per capita terms) it could actually be a "net international creditor" if its external debt is less than the total of external debt of other countries held by it.

List of countries by debt

Country	Total debt (billions) [1]	Per capita, $	% of GDP	% of total wealth [2]	Last Reported
United States	25,798	75,852	88.45	18.44	Sep 2024 [3] [4]
United Kingdom	10,528	152,271	293.48	65.91	Sep 2024
France	8,195	119,450	249.57	51.25	Sep 2024
Germany	7,117	85,266	144.60	40.84	Sep 2024
Netherlands	4,399	24,375	34.55	90.34	Sep 2024
Japan	4,312	37,502	105.59	20.52	Dec 2024
Luxembourg	3,930	5,847	4.05	1.31	Sep 2024
Ireland	3,177	614,404	562.93	362.07	Dec 2024
Canada	3,163	76,474	136.08	28.15	Dec 2024
Italy	2,927	49,635	118.99	26.56	Sep 2024
Spain	2,866	58,392	156.81	33.77	Sep 2024
China	2,517	1,787	12.88	2.98	Sep 2024
Switzerland	2,324	257,429	232.50	48.13	Sep 2024
Singapore	2,153	356,645	383.29	112.96	Sep 2024
Hong Kong	1,925	255,645	456.21	55.12	Sep 2024
Australia	1,892	71,698	103.69	20.07	Sep 2024
Belgium	1,653	139,901	239.72	51.72	Sep 2024
Sweden	980	105,643	175.10	47.90	Dec 2024
Mexico	880	6,784	43.64	18.10	Jul 2023 [ citation needed ]
Austria	756	82,174	135.16	42.13	Sep 2024
Norway	733	132,849	147.62	45.21	Dec 2024
India	712	2,504	16.66	4.63	Sep 2024
Finland	687	121,797	214.62	86.71	Sep 2024
South Korea	670	13,722	36.09	7.10	Dec 2024
Greece	618	59,398	232.97	69.41	Sep 2024
Denmark	590	98,416	136.45	31.56	Sep 2024
Brazil	575	7,056	63.91	32.19	Dec 2022
Turkey	526	6,138	36.13	50.51	Sep 2024
Poland	467	12,459	51.04	29.35	Sep 2024
Portugal	434	42,911	142.70	34.48	Dec 2024
Indonesia	425	1,501	28.41	13.02	Dec 2024
Hungary	343	35,903	109.56	74.78	Sep 2024
Malaysia	301	8,813	61.65	44.40	Dec 2024
Cyprus	291	301,614	837.83	267.41	Sep 2024
Russia	290	1,989	13.23	6.62	Dec 2024
Argentina	283	6,007	46.80	67.32	Sep 2024
Saudi Arabia	264	8,183	23.87	11.64	2022 [ citation needed ]
Chile	247	12,292	68.16	31.69	Jan 2025
New Zealand	246	45,997	93.71	17.28	Sep 2024
Czechia	226	20,704	62.63	29.30	Sep 2024
United Arab Emirates	220	20,639	38.76	17.75	Dec 2016 [5]
Taiwan	220	9,084	26.10	3.92	Dec 2024
Malta	207	368,190	912.41	357.68	Sep 2024
Colombia	202	3,809	47.87	35.59	Dec 2024
Thailand	201	3,047	36.84	14.14	Sep 2024
Qatar	195	68,059	80.97	47.79	2018
Mauritius	189	150,096	1,156	278.01	Dec 2024
Ukraine	172	5,209	90.44	25.29	Sep 2024
Romania	169	8,310	39.00	23.75	Apr 2023
Puerto Rico	167	51,634	142.15		31 Jan 2015 [ citation needed ]
Kazakhstan	166	8,176	54.09	23.03	Sep 2024
South Africa	164	2,600	39.19	17.69	Jun 2024
Egypt	155	1,465	44.88	12.43	Sep 2024
Israel	147	14,666	26.69	10.75	Sep 2024
Slovakia	145	26,732	95.01	53.66	Sep 2024
Philippines	140	1,223	27.51	13.81	Sep 2024
Vietnam	139	1,372	27.46	13.68	2023
Pakistan	131	543	33.34	19.33	Dec 2024
Venezuela	110	3,878	100.18		Mar 2019
Bangladesh	104	611	21.54	9.62	Jun 2024
Peru	102	2,550	30.55	16.63	Dec 2022
Morocco	64.8	1,759	38.42	18.67	Dec 2022
Uzbekistan	64.1	1,729	55.70		Dec 2024 [6]
Lithuania	62.8	21,744	75.90	42.75	Sep 2024
Sudan	62.4	1,237	202.12	283.64	2021
Kuwait	62.1	12,638	38.34	11.01	Sep 2024
Slovenia	60.7	28,494	82.88	32.27	Apr 2023
Ecuador	57.7	3,404	45.89	22.61	Dec 2024
Sri Lanka	56.6	2,582	75.61	15.75	Sep 2024
Oman	54.0	10,244	48.54	28.59	2021 [ citation needed ]
Serbia	54.0	8,179	65.45	29.05	Sep 2024
Croatia	52.9	13,694	55.04	22.98	Dec 2022
Bulgaria	50.7	7,872	43.92	19.67	Dec 2024
Uruguay	47.8	13,671	57.91	22.05	Sep 2024
Panama	44.2	10,873	48.17	29.46	Jan 2025
Nigeria	43.0	192	21.54	6.16	Sep 2024
Tunisia	42.6	3,580	80.86	24.05	Sep 2024
Jordan	42.3	3,603	79.32	17.99	Jun 2024
Estonia	41.7	30,426	96.79	50.81	Sep 2024
Latvia	41.2	23,782	96.81	31.25	Dec 2024
Kenya	40.2	766	34.42	9.23	Sep 2024
Bahrain	39.4	24,813	82.45	33.98	July 2023 [ citation needed ]
Angola	37.7	1,073	31.84	68.55	Dec 2016 [7]
Mongolia	37.1	10,591	169.15	247.45	Dec 2024
Ivory Coast	36.5	1,244	42.01		2023
Belarus	36.4	3,976	49.78	14.28	Sep 2024
Lebanon	34.6	6,301	158.82	10.03	Jun 2024
Ghana	27.9	846	37.06	24.92	Oct 2024
Cuba	26.3	2,373	17.88		Dec 2016 [8]
Dominican Republic	26.1	2,418	19.22		Dec 2016 [9]
Ethiopia	25.4	232	10.66	8.48	25 Jan 2024 [10]
Georgia	25.3	6,850	76.25	55.02	Sep 2024
Costa Rica	24.9	4,691	24.74	11.81	Dec 2016 [11]
Iceland	23.6	64,941	76.83	19.61	Dec 2024
Zambia	23.1	1,180	77.49	85.73	Sep 2024
Iraq	22.6	509	8.34		Dec 2023 [12]
Papua New Guinea	22.0	1,871	69.49	51.26	Dec 2016 [13]
Paraguay	21.8	3,562	48.43	32.00	Sep 2022
Trinidad and Tobago	21.5	15,736	75.91	42.22	Dec 2016 [14]
Cambodia	21.0	1,209	40.96	32.74	Sep 2024
Guatemala	19.1	1,070	15.78		Dec 2016 [15]
Bahamas	17.6	44,102	122.03	109.75	Dec 2013 [16]
Jamaica	16.8	5,931	83.39	37.24	Dec 2016 [17]
Monaco	16.5	430,057	187.84		30 June 2010 [ citation needed ]
Tanzania	15.9	257	19.90	10.96	Dec 2016 [18]
Bolivia	15.3	1,349	31.68	14.54	Sep 2024
El Salvador	14.9	2,471	41.56		Dec 2016 [19]
North Macedonia	12.7	6,961	80.09		Jun 2024
Myanmar	12.2	237	18.92	4.30	2023
Kyrgyzstan	11.7	1,628	73.92	46.63	Sep 2024
Albania	11.1	4,641	43.84	14.48	Sep 2024
Nicaragua	11.1	1,631	58.95	16.09	Dec 2016 [20]
Zimbabwe	10.9	651	30.35	15.35	Dec 2016 [21]
Nepal	10.5	361	24.09	11.69	Sep 2024
Mozambique	10.3	310	44.80	64.32	2023
Laos	10.3	1,359	67.50	29.29	2023
Moldova	10.2	4,198	55.42	15.65	Sep 2024
Montenegro	8.617	7,047	54.87	12.21	2023
Honduras	8.040	813	21.89		Dec 2016 [22]
Cameroon	7.380	256	13.81	16.03	Dec 2016 [23]
Yemen	7.192	223	42.45		Jan 2015
Namibia	6.520	2,156	51.04	21.02	Dec 2016 [24]
Armenia	6.454	2,098	25.40	13.73	Dec 2024
Tajikistan	6.347	618	48.82	25.39	Sep 2024
Iran	6.282	73	1.31	0.21	2023
Uganda	6.240	136	11.23	12.74	Dec 2016 [25]
Senegal	6.190	341	18.36	15.09	Dec 2016 [26]
Syria	5.920	240	31.83	32.88	Dec 2016 [27]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	5.330	49	7.35	7.51	Dec 2016 [28]
Somalia	5.300	279	41.39		Dec 2013 [29]
Azerbaijan	5.299	519	7.00	3.38	Sep 2024
Gabon	5.160	2,142	24.55	22.43	Dec 2016 [30]
North Korea	5.000	193	32.95		2013 [31]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4.956	1,518	17.04	5.70	Sep 2024
Republic of the Congo	4.820	784	31.08	80.28	Dec 2016 [32]
Algeria	4.760	100	1.79	1.04	2023 [33]
Barbados	4.490	16,766	65.42	28.06	2010 [34]
Kosovo	4.432	2,795	39.15		Sep 2024
Madagascar	4.010	130	24.34	13.36	Dec 2016 [35]
Mali	3.630	162	16.74	16.48	Dec 2016 [36]
Mauritania	3.590	728	33.73	59.75	Dec 2016 [37]
Libya	3.530	478	7.88	8.02	Dec 2016 [38]
Burkina Faso	3.090	132	14.12	19.32	Dec 2016 [39]
Malawi	2.813	95	17.09	8.73	2021
Niger	2.730	104	14.50	20.99	Dec 2016 [40]
Seychelles	2.550	21,029	115.84	63.80	Dec 2016 [41]
Rwanda	2.440	177	17.82	8.72	Dec 2016 [42]
Bermuda (UK)	2.440	38,014	31.11		2015 [43]
Benin	2.340	181	10.95	15.60	Dec 2016 [44]
Bhutan	2.260	2,909	72.70		Dec 2016 [45]
Haiti	2.020	163	8.41	40.44	Dec 2016 [46]
South Sudan	1.920	126	29.44		2017 [47]
Chad	1.880	100	10.03	18.75	Dec 2016 [48]
Cape Verde	1.660	3,379	61.07		Dec 2016 [49]
Sierra Leone	1.560	176	34.25	39.02	Dec 2016 [50]
Palestine	1.535	280	8.25	0.27	Dec 2018
Botswana	1.432	594	6.69	5.30	2023
Equatorial Guinea	1.360	875	12.74	6.82	Dec 2016 [51]
Djibouti	1.340	1,255	30.68	66.95	Dec 2016 [52]
Guinea	1.330	93	5.23	7.40	Dec 2016 [42]
Belize	1.330	3,229	40.26	44.23	Dec 2016 [51]
Afghanistan	1.280	30	8.85	3.12	2011 [53]
Suriname	1.240	2,003	28.48	61.75	Dec 2016 [54]
Togo	1.170	145	11.93	19.55	Dec 2016 [55]
Guyana	1.140	1,479	5.40	19.05	Dec 2015 [56]
Andorra	1.110	12,736	28.53		2014 [57]
Liberia	1.110	212	23.37	7.94	Dec 2016 [58]
Guinea-Bissau	1.100	615	50.91	54.75	Dec 2010 [59]
Lesotho	0.949	411	39.62	47.44	Dec 2016 [60]
Faroe Islands (Denmark)	0.889	16,236	38.00		2010 [61]
Fiji	0.833	925	14.37	6.94	Dec 2016 [62]
Eritrea	0.820	232	34.42	16.40	Dec 2016 [63]
Maldives	0.742	1,440	10.30	7.42	2014 [64]
Burundi	0.705	55	23.07	17.63	Dec 2016 [65]
Aruba	0.693	6,444	17.04		Dec 2014 [66]
Central African Republic	0.687	106	24.44	34.34	Dec 2016 [67]
Grenada	0.679	6,031	48.29		2013 [68]
Gambia	0.542	224	20.11	18.06	Dec 2016 [69]
Saint Lucia	0.513	2,788	19.88		Dec 2016 [70]
Cayman Islands (UK)	0.503	6891	1.20		Sep 2024 [71]
Turkmenistan	0.503	71	0.60	0.64	Dec 2016 [72]
Solomon Islands	0.492	655	28.79		Dec 2013 [73]
Eswatini	0.471	381	9.25		Dec 2016 [74]
Samoa	0.447	2,176	43.67		Dec 2013 [75]
Antigua and Barbuda	0.441	4,259	20.74		Dec 2012 [76]
San Marino	0.352	10,339	17.31		2016 [77]
Brunei	0.340	754	2.12	2.83	2017 [78]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.321	2,897	28.47		Dec 2016 [79]
Timor-Leste	0.312	227	15.64	7.79	Dec 2014 [80]
Dominica	0.289	4,281	40.76		Dec 2016 [81]
Cook Islands	0.281	18,697	23.00		Dec 2011 [82]
Sao Tome and Principe	0.237	1,036	31.49		Dec 2016 [83]
Tonga	0.233	2,327	40.12		Dec 2016 [84]
Palau	0.224	12,596	95.00		Sep 2021 [85]
Vanuatu	0.208	647	16.14		Dec 2016 [86]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.188	3,654	16.53		Dec 2016 [87]
Comoros	0.133	153	9.37	6.66	Dec 2016 [88]
New Caledonia (France)	0.112	417	1.16		Dec 2013 [89]
Marshall Islands	0.098	2,309	32.12		2013 [90]
Micronesia	0.094	885	19.34		2013 [91]
Anguilla (UK)	0.048	3,288	15.83		Dec 2024 [92]
Greenland (Denmark)	0.036	644			2010 [93]
Nauru	0.033	2,851	20.68		2004 [94]
British Virgin Islands (UK)	0.018	560	2.00		Dec 2016 [95]
Tuvalu	0.015	1,386	22.42		2017 [96]
Kiribati	0.014	113	4.11		2013 [97]
Wallis and Futuna (France)	0.004	316	6.00		2004 [98]
Montserrat (UK)	0.001	237	2.00		Dec 2011 [99]
Niue (New Zealand)	0.000	0	0.00		27 Oct 2016 [100]

World Bank

List of countries by external debt (World Bank, 2023)

Country	External debt stocks (Nominal)		Present value of external debt		Present value to nominal ratio (%)
	Total (millions) [101]	% of GNI [102]	Total (millions) [103]	% of GNI [104]
China	2,420,211	13.7	488,114	2.8	20.2
India	646,787	18.4	212,728	6.1	32.9
Brazil	607,115	28.8	198,582	9.4	32.7
Mexico	595,918	34.2	306,307	17.6	51.4
Turkey	499,842	45.2	149,654	13.5	29.9
Indonesia	406,054	30.4	225,273	16.9	55.5
Argentina	266,167	42.1	74,362	11.8	27.9
Colombia	197,505	54.9	108,027	30.0	54.7
Thailand	193,626	38.5	37,065	7.4	19.1
Ukraine	176,645	96.1	90,003	49.0	51.0
Egypt	168,062	44.4	117,272	31.0	69.8
South Africa	165,787	44.1	93,879	25.0	56.6
Kazakhstan	163,155	69.0	25,765	10.9	15.8
Vietnam	141,850	34.8	34,426	8.5	24.3
Pakistan	130,847	39.4	89,148	26.8	68.1
Philippines	121,402	25.0	63,241	13.0	52.1
Nigeria	102,482	29.0	45,009	12.8	43.9
Bangladesh	101,447	22.3	58,020	12.8	57.2
Peru	90,068	35.5	38,102	15.0	42.3
Morocco	69,267	48.7	42,262	29.7	61.0
Mozambique	66,848	349.7	8,274	43.3	12.4
Lebanon	66,296	332.8	41,936	—	63.3
Sri Lanka	61,706	75.6	42,198	51.7	68.4
Ecuador	60,564	52.1	39,658	34.1	65.5
Uzbekistan	59,184	58.7	25,714	25.5	43.4
Angola	57,032	74.3	45,299	59.0	79.4
Dominican Republic	52,257	45.0	35,044	30.2	67.1
Serbia	49,000	63.5	21,726	28.2	44.3
Jordan	44,630	88.4	21,058	41.7	47.2
Ghana	43,742	58.0	29,241	38.8	66.8
Kenya	42,910	40.4	31,451	29.6	73.3
Tunisia	41,279	87.4	21,212	44.9	51.4
Senegal	39,950	134.0	14,985	50.3	37.5
Costa Rica	39,025	48.5	15,574	19.4	39.9
Belarus	36,705	52.9	18,010	26.0	49.1
Cote d'Ivoire	36,548	48.3	26,576	35.1	72.7
Tanzania	34,598	44.6	17,513	22.6	50.6
Mongolia	34,321	189.7	8,379	46.3	24.4
Ethiopia	33,290	20.4	25,426	15.6	76.4
Zambia	29,029	110.5	16,597	63.2	57.2
Paraguay	26,135	62.8	13,783	33.1	52.7
Guatemala	25,365	24.7	11,862	11.6	46.8
Georgia	24,468	86.2	9,085	32.0	37.1
El Salvador	22,742	71.3	12,668	39.7	55.7
Sudan	22,581	20.9	21,650	20.0	95.9
Cambodia	22,534	54.5	8,019	19.4	35.6
Laos	20,350	138.6	9,619	65.5	47.3
Iraq	20,331	8.1	15,580	6.2	76.6
Uganda	19,393	40.6	10,469	21.9	54.0
Mauritius	19,252	128.3	3,632	24.2	18.9
Bolivia	16,307	37.2	11,174	25.5	68.5
Armenia	15,839	67.6	6,002	25.6	37.9
Jamaica	15,349	80.2	9,636	50.4	62.8
Cameroon	15,332	31.7	11,112	23.0	72.5
Papua New Guinea	15,321	53.2	7,011	24.3	45.8
Nicaragua	15,163	89.5	6,753	39.9	44.5
Azerbaijan	14,533	21.0	12,378	17.9	85.2
Zimbabwe	14,213	40.8	6,671	19.2	46.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	14,010	51.2	5,359	19.6	38.3
Honduras	12,821	40.2	7,785	24.4	60.7
North Macedonia	12,614	84.3	5,637	37.7	44.7
Benin	12,483	64.1	6,309	32.4	50.5
Myanmar	12,162	18.6	8,748	13.4	71.9
Rwanda	11,384	82.4	5,531	40.0	48.6
Albania	11,364	48.9	5,363	23.1	47.2
DR Congo	11,067	17.2	7,926	12.3	71.6
Moldova	10,639	63.3	2,637	15.7	24.8
Burkina Faso	10,397	53.4	3,565	18.3	34.3
Kyrgyzstan	10,115	73.3	3,617	26.2	35.8
Nepal	9,969	24.1	5,719	13.8	57.4
Iran	9,901	2.4	6,759	1.7	68.3
Montenegro	8,617	113.3	3,643	47.9	42.3
Congo	7,779	53.5	6,360	43.7	81.8
Gabon	7,588	41.2	6,442	35.0	84.9
Algeria	7,315	3.0	4,764	2.0	65.1
Yemen	7,283	—	6,492	—	89.1
Tajikistan	6,873	45.4	3,024	20.0	44.0
Mali	6,457	32.8	4,085	20.7	63.3
Madagascar	6,452	41.8	3,548	23.0	55.0
Niger	5,613	34.7	3,793	23.4	67.6
Guinea	5,164	25.5	3,764	18.6	72.9
Syria	4,876	21.3	4,573	—	93.8
Mauritania	4,604	43.2	3,072	28.8	66.7
Kosovo	4,242	39.7	786	7.4	18.5
Suriname	4,048	129.1	2,645	84.4	65.3
Maldives	4,000	68.7	3,113	53.5	77.8
Turkmenistan	3,918	6.5	3,696	6.1	94.3
Malawi	3,604	29.2	2,269	18.4	63.0
Djibouti	3,429	85.6	2,531	63.2	73.8
Afghanistan	3,428	19.8	2,717	15.7	79.3
Togo	3,375	36.6	1,923	20.9	57.0
Fiji	3,348	65.3	1,397	27.2	41.7
Bhutan	3,269	115.0	2,827	—	86.5
Chad	3,214	24.8	2,286	17.6	71.1
Somalia	3,023	27.7	2,563	23.5	84.8
Guyana	2,953	28.3	1,805	17.3	61.1
Haiti	2,638	13.3	1,865	9.4	70.7
Cape Verde	2,451	97.9	1,385	55.3	56.5
Sierra Leone	2,382	37.5	1,451	22.8	60.9
Botswana	2,079	10.7	1,761	9.1	84.7
Liberia	2,078	52.4	1,335	33.7	64.2
Lesotho	1,776	68.9	928	36.0	52.3
Belize	1,510	51.1	1,235	41.8	81.8
Gambia	1,325	56.0	902	38.2	68.1
Eswatini	1,241	30.0	923	22.3	74.4
Guinea-Bissau	1,128	55.2	897	43.8	79.5
Saint Lucia	1,086	49.0	901	40.7	83.0
Burundi	1,043	39.4	805	30.4	77.2
Central African Republic	1,021	37.7	724	26.8	70.9
Grenada	727	58.9	501	40.6	68.9
Eritrea	726	—	461	—	63.5
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	629	59.4	457	43.2	72.7
Dominica	598	91.2	301	45.9	50.3
Solomon Islands	528	31.8	184	11.1	34.8
Vanuatu	471	36.7	300	23.4	63.7
Sao Tome and Principe	454	66.2	327	47.7	72.0
Samoa	432	46.8	270	29.2	62.5
Comoros	382	28.2	268	19.7	70.2
East Timor	307	12.6	238	9.8	77.5
Tonga	196	38.6	159	—	81.1

See also

• Balance of trade
• Domestic liability dollarization
• List of countries by corporate debt
• List of countries by household debt
• List of countries by public debt
• List of sovereign states by financial assets
• National debt of the United States
• World debt

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External links

• CIA Factbook - External Debt Definition
• CIA Factbook - External Debt by Countries
• Joint External Debt Hub