This is a list of countries by estimated future gross[ clarification needed ] central government debt based on data released in October 2020 by the International Monetary Fund, with figures in percentage of national GDP.
Country | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 7.998 | 7.384 | 6.130 | 7.848 | 8.906 | 9.423 | 9.910 | 10.374 | 10.879 |
Albania | 71.895 | 69.509 | 67.748 | 83.288 | 83.201 | 77.099 | 74.801 | 71.915 | 69.149 |
Algeria | 16.693 | 17.964 | 18.288 | 18.109 | 17.256 | 16.888 | 16.314 | 15.940 | 15.754 |
Angola | 69.265 | 89.000 | 109.210 | 120.290 | 107.526 | 93.772 | 83.692 | 74.324 | 67.237 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 92.322 | 90.718 | 84.468 | 113.687 | 112.659 | 102.007 | 92.089 | 86.103 | 80.340 |
Argentina | 57.028 | 86.431 | 90.382 | 96.693 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Armenia | 53.704 | 51.233 | 49.945 | 60.710 | 61.751 | 60.560 | 59.199 | 57.574 | 56.061 |
Aruba | 86.741 | 83.412 | 81.286 | 127.142 | 120.295 | 117.528 | 117.821 | 117.283 | 115.729 |
Australia | 41.076 | 41.664 | 46.277 | 60.411 | 70.198 | 74.392 | 74.972 | 73.603 | 70.902 |
Austria | 78.405 | 73.964 | 70.347 | 84.757 | 84.281 | 82.442 | 81.115 | 79.313 | 76.966 |
Azerbaijan | 22.509 | 18.685 | 17.703 | 20.113 | 20.036 | 21.422 | 23.642 | 23.576 | 26.211 |
The Bahamas | 53.014 | 60.955 | 58.841 | 68.709 | 81.959 | 80.183 | 78.496 | 76.383 | 74.872 |
Bahrain | 88.138 | 95.018 | 103.363 | 128.282 | 130.581 | 132.871 | 134.797 | 136.262 | 137.132 |
Bangladesh | 33.376 | 34.561 | 35.819 | 39.619 | 41.915 | 42.290 | 42.386 | 41.862 | 41.311 |
Barbados | 158.264 | 125.585 | 122.222 | 134.094 | 124.526 | 117.242 | 111.337 | 105.678 | 100.112 |
Belarus | 53.160 | 47.515 | 41.863 | 50.896 | 48.584 | 48.174 | 45.211 | 44.340 | 42.981 |
Belgium | 101.765 | 99.898 | 98.748 | 117.696 | 117.068 | 118.340 | 119.598 | 121.248 | 123.024 |
Belize | 104.397 | 101.458 | 105.081 | 134.609 | 132.268 | 129.574 | 129.109 | 128.154 | 127.046 |
Benin | 39.598 | 41.080 | 41.230 | 41.786 | 41.365 | 39.870 | 38.371 | 36.777 | 35.189 |
Bhutan | 111.724 | 110.469 | 104.405 | 121.263 | 125.713 | 121.030 | 114.527 | 104.318 | 97.524 |
Bolivia | 51.260 | 53.850 | 59.000 | 69.447 | 68.313 | 67.570 | 66.906 | 66.585 | 65.992 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 39.240 | 34.271 | 32.804 | 38.869 | 40.399 | 40.113 | 40.417 | 39.096 | 37.309 |
Botswana | 13.397 | 14.197 | 15.101 | 20.571 | 24.002 | 25.916 | 27.916 | 30.118 | 31.465 |
Brazil | 83.659 | 87.071 | 89.471 | 101.399 | 102.764 | 103.473 | 103.766 | 104.210 | 104.409 |
Brunei | 2.826 | 2.586 | 2.575 | 3.208 | 2.880 | 2.723 | 2.629 | 2.557 | 2.493 |
Bulgaria | 23.003 | 20.116 | 18.576 | 24.070 | 23.683 | 22.226 | 21.015 | 19.941 | 18.939 |
Burkina Faso | 33.498 | 37.654 | 42.672 | 46.616 | 48.062 | 48.423 | 48.270 | 47.690 | 47.142 |
Burundi | 44.720 | 50.506 | 57.371 | 65.033 | 68.927 | 70.702 | 71.903 | 71.972 | 71.027 |
Cabo Verde | 127.218 | 125.592 | 124.981 | 136.789 | 137.577 | 136.272 | 129.852 | 122.962 | 115.437 |
Cambodia | 29.995 | 28.638 | 28.613 | 31.472 | 31.441 | 32.110 | 33.355 | 35.121 | 36.855 |
Cameroon | 37.679 | 39.474 | 42.669 | 44.727 | 44.968 | 44.898 | 44.085 | 42.832 | 41.386 |
Canada | 90.548 | 89.747 | 88.619 | 114.648 | 114.972 | 114.671 | 112.831 | 110.017 | 106.24 |
Central African Republic | 50.275 | 50.031 | 47.177 | 46.574 | 44.029 | 40.992 | 38.868 | 37.144 | 35.865 |
Chad | 50.268 | 49.055 | 44.286 | 46.371 | 44.352 | 41.873 | 39.147 | 37.830 | 35.104 |
Chile | 23.598 | 25.558 | 27.907 | 32.806 | 37.510 | 41.745 | 44.893 | 47.738 | 47.981 |
China | 46.358 | 48.796 | 52.629 | 61.702 | 66.530 | 71.200 | 74.599 | 76.8341 | 78.068 |
Colombia | 49.436 | 53.685 | 52.285 | 68.231 | 68.065 | 67.325 | 65.472 | 62.343 | 59.524 |
Comoros | 18.445 | 21.053 | 25.237 | 30.424 | 32.406 | 32.941 | 33.435 | 33.833 | 33.940 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 19.053 | 15.298 | 14.750 | 16.140 | 13.420 | 11.276 | 9.270 | 7.693 | 6.259 |
Republic of the Congo | 94.224 | 98.465 | 83.672 | 104.518 | 98.419 | 90.367 | 81.848 | 70.270 | 63.729 |
Costa Rica | 48.336 | 53.078 | 58.380 | 70.052 | 74.763 | 76.758 | 77.165 | 76.306 | 74.163 |
Croatia | 77.756 | 74.717 | 73.236 | 87.670 | 85.459 | 82.711 | 80.273 | 77.969 | 75.97 |
Cyprus | 93.884 | 100.561 | 95.507 | 118.402 | 112.418 | 105.063 | 101.037 | 93.873 | 85.713 |
Czech Republic | 34.236 | 32.071 | 30.246 | 39.133 | 41.390 | 42.507 | 42.792 | 42.446 | 41.858 |
Côte d'Ivoire | 36.854 | 39.662 | 37.888 | 41.732 | 42.614 | 42.401 | 42.183 | 41.894 | 42.113 |
Denmark | 35.820 | 34.214 | 29.393 | 34.544 | 39.287 | 42.556 | 44.451 | 45.278 | 45.883 |
Djibouti | 48.184 | 46.508 | 38.474 | 40.556 | 41.726 | 40.839 | 40.033 | 39.521 | 38.916 |
Dominica | 83.806 | 78.822 | 85.718 | 90.758 | 88.986 | 84.354 | 80.520 | 76.019 | 71.001 |
Dominican Republic | 49.163 | 50.661 | 53.758 | 68.771 | 68.203 | 66.762 | 65.006 | 63.349 | 61.674 |
Ecuador | 44.617 | 46.139 | 51.825 | 68.921 | 67.438 | 65.781 | 62.280 | 59.950 | 56.058 |
Egypt | 103.161 | 92.652 | 83.800 | 86.590 | 90.598 | 87.801 | 84.441 | 80.814 | 77.018 |
El Salvador | 67.184 | 68.000 | 69.402 | 88.987 | 92.538 | 95.584 | 98.916 | 102.771 | 106.800 |
Equatorial Guinea | 36.235 | 39.151 | 41.063 | 51.174 | 48.223 | 49.384 | 48.484 | 47.493 | 46.134 |
Eritrea | 202.536 | 185.607 | 189.351 | 185.790 | 173.471 | 165.657 | 157.733 | 149.848 | 142.185 |
Estonia | 9.124 | 8.296 | 8.396 | 18.687 | 22.378 | 25.560 | 28.047 | 30.330 | 31.890 |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | 25.115 | 33.836 | 38.049 | 47.926 | 49.902 | 52.134 | 52.556 | 51.996 | 51.389 |
Ethiopia | 57.723 | 61.106 | 57.603 | 56.072 | 58.511 | 56.925 | 53.914 | 48.604 | 43.306 |
Eurozone | 87.619 | 85.734 | 83.984 | 101.142 | 99.975 | 98.366 | 96.954 | 95.574 | 94.265 |
European Union | 83.283 | 81.293 | 79.205 | 95.347 | 94.607 | 93.200 | 91.850 | 90.506 | 89.255 |
Fiji | 43.745 | 46.155 | 48.996 | 83.789 | 83.329 | 79.528 | 76.893 | 74.533 | 73.449 |
Finland | 61.267 | 59.626 | 59.011 | 67.912 | 68.590 | 69.120 | 69.765 | 70.278 | 70.540 |
France | 98.318 | 98.060 | 98.120 | 118.738 | 118.573 | 119.959 | 121.271 | 122.270 | 123.307 |
Gabon | 62.886 | 60.914 | 62.401 | 73.857 | 70.525 | 65.197 | 59.855 | 54.767 | 48.98 |
The Gambia | 87.008 | 84.611 | 80.010 | 83.102 | 77.006 | 73.908 | 67.793 | 61.942 | 57.003 |
Georgia | 40.760 | 39.952 | 42.641 | 58.655 | 58.779 | 56.381 | 54.611 | 53.112 | 52.034 |
Germany | 64.993 | 61.630 | 59.525 | 73.278 | 72.206 | 68.492 | 65.526 | 62.571 | 59.549 |
Ghana | 58.306 | 59.129 | 62.763 | 76.668 | 74.653 | 74.637 | 72.393 | 71.860 | 71.33 |
Greece | 179.275 | 184.759 | 180.915 | 205.249 | 200.533 | 187.331 | 176.990 | 169.749 | 165.910 |
Grenada | 70.109 | 64.358 | 59.079 | 71.496 | 73.497 | 70.199 | 64.236 | 57.122 | 50.343 |
Guatemala | 25.091 | 26.490 | 26.591 | 32.229 | 33.894 | 35.034 | 35.600 | 35.666 | 35.458 |
Guinea | 40.483 | 37.956 | 34.498 | 44.883 | 45.919 | 44.314 | 42.916 | 41.971 | 40.958 |
Guinea-Bissau | 50.734 | 60.184 | 67.616 | 79.810 | 79.037 | 77.816 | 75.317 | 72.691 | 70.04 |
Guyana | 38.909 | 43.114 | 39.792 | 36.981 | 34.843 | 27.658 | 21.971 | 21.100 | 20.488 |
Haiti | 37.970 | 39.659 | 47.686 | 54.363 | 52.442 | 48.906 | 46.315 | 44.775 | 43.84 |
Honduras | 38.912 | 40.083 | 40.287 | 45.957 | 50.419 | 52.366 | 53.852 | 53.710 | 51.09 |
Hong Kong | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.269 | 0.290 | 0.272 | 0.255 | 0.242 | 0.000 | 0.00 |
Hungary | 72.903 | 70.233 | 66.344 | 77.420 | 75.869 | 73.219 | 69.836 | 66.449 | 63.47 |
Iceland | 43.246 | 37.376 | 36.997 | 51.732 | 52.529 | 52.747 | 52.868 | 52.514 | 53.096 |
India | 69.423 | 69.575 | 72.344 | 89.330 | 89.856 | 89.517 | 89.022 | 88.552 | 88.155 |
Indonesia | 29.396 | 30.069 | 30.490 | 38.477 | 41.828 | 43.181 | 43.261 | 43.168 | 43.068 |
Iran | 38.187 | 40.327 | 44.743 | 45.367 | 40.435 | 39.210 | 38.641 | 38.502 | 38.350 |
Iraq | 58.887 | 48.885 | 46.904 | 68.265 | 74.981 | 81.685 | 84.842 | 88.307 | 90.834 |
Ireland | 67.411 | 62.915 | 57.331 | 63.676 | 61.254 | 59.227 | 55.804 | 52.512 | 49.239 |
Israel | 60.607 | 60.877 | 59.979 | 76.521 | 80.002 | 81.420 | 82.239 | 82.647 | 82.683 |
Italy | 134.145 | 134.808 | 134.804 | 161.849 | 158.305 | 156.569 | 154.874 | 153.830 | 152.568 |
Jamaica | 101.292 | 94.405 | 93.861 | 101.334 | 92.432 | 84.277 | 77.427 | 72.159 | 67.323 |
Japan | 234.462 | 236.568 | 237.955 | 266.176 | 263.968 | 263.045 | 262.785 | 263.016 | 263.985 |
Jordan | 76.022 | 75.061 | 78.015 | 88.382 | 88.839 | 88.019 | 86.123 | 82.749 | 79.885 |
Kazakhstan | 19.869 | 20.259 | 19.944 | 23.441 | 24.108 | 25.340 | 26.241 | 28.019 | 29.770 |
Kenya | 56.881 | 60.235 | 62.099 | 66.389 | 70.463 | 73.329 | 76.262 | 77.745 | 78.625 |
Kiribati | 21.423 | 19.708 | 18.344 | 17.722 | 24.952 | 31.521 | 37.600 | 43.223 | 48.452 |
Kosovo | 16.232 | 16.953 | 17.529 | 23.379 | 25.853 | 27.998 | 29.613 | 31.152 | 32.567 |
Kuwait | 20.485 | 14.838 | 11.771 | 19.255 | 36.570 | 49.341 | 65.225 | 78.422 | 89.925 |
Kyrgyzstan | 58.786 | 54.818 | 54.144 | 68.082 | 66.785 | 64.055 | 61.243 | 59.684 | 58.638 |
Laos | 57.198 | 59.650 | 62.643 | 70.937 | 70.659 | 70.617 | 70.037 | 68.848 | 67.443 |
Latvia | 40.327 | 36.509 | 36.756 | 44.063 | 45.024 | 42.998 | 40.853 | 39.619 | 38.503 |
Lebanon | 149.668 | 154.907 | 174.482 | 171.666 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Lesotho | 38.005 | 46.521 | 46.460 | 47.168 | 45.776 | 43.795 | 41.893 | 40.560 | 39.032 |
Liberia | 33.901 | 39.419 | 53.274 | 61.750 | 63.555 | 64.188 | 63.178 | 61.640 | 60.294 |
Libya | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Lithuania | 39.344 | 34.078 | 37.665 | 48.252 | 47.682 | 44.928 | 42.249 | 40.001 | 37.636 |
Luxembourg | 22.348 | 20.996 | 22.056 | 26.906 | 27.485 | 28.321 | 28.370 | 28.416 | 28.42 |
Macau | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Madagascar | 40.031 | 39.894 | 38.422 | 44.171 | 44.961 | 47.046 | 48.758 | 50.014 | 50.966 |
Malawi | 61.488 | 63.117 | 63.431 | 70.663 | 75.072 | 74.942 | 73.420 | 72.786 | 71.341 |
Malaysia | 54.395 | 55.543 | 57.243 | 67.581 | 66.025 | 65.043 | 64.123 | 63.008 | 61.996 |
Maldives | 61.299 | 71.254 | 77.987 | 118.318 | 119.178 | 116.667 | 113.914 | 110.033 | 106.509 |
Mali | 35.985 | 37.718 | 40.464 | 44.797 | 46.241 | 46.195 | 46.553 | 46.449 | 46.236 |
Malta | 48.793 | 45.185 | 42.570 | 56.697 | 57.083 | 55.424 | 54.554 | 53.092 | 51.385 |
Marshall Islands | 26.635 | 24.547 | 22.626 | 27.433 | 24.730 | 24.318 | 24.946 | 28.663 | 32.298 |
Mauritania | 55.100 | 61.389 | 58.115 | 65.565 | 65.909 | 64.659 | 61.764 | 58.877 | 56.932 |
Mauritius | 64.340 | 66.223 | 82.804 | 85.653 | 84.165 | 83.749 | 85.782 | 88.311 | 85.258 |
Mexico | 53.963 | 53.606 | 53.749 | 65.541 | 65.599 | 65.406 | 65.164 | 65.023 | 64.905 |
Micronesia | 21.923 | 18.761 | 16.998 | 16.495 | 14.978 | 13.673 | 12.424 | 15.799 | 19.046 |
Moldova | 34.300 | 31.640 | 28.378 | 37.847 | 39.238 | 40.425 | 40.717 | 39.848 | 38.917 |
Montenegro | 66.207 | 71.885 | 79.343 | 90.848 | 88.145 | 86.110 | 84.187 | 82.239 | 80.201 |
Morocco | 65.109 | 75.177 | 80.500 | 91.100 | 95.073 | 101.961 | 102.893 | 100.832 | 98.856 |
Mozambique | 102.443 | 106.246 | 104.378 | 121.331 | 123.511 | 123.351 | 116.803 | 104.885 | 92.081 |
Myanmar | 38.470 | 40.415 | 38.844 | 42.375 | 45.211 | 46.959 | 48.411 | 49.673 | 50.549 |
Namibia | 43.507 | 49.811 | 54.660 | 67.615 | 68.166 | 72.679 | 74.539 | 75.648 | 76.476 |
Nauru | 76.689 | 74.316 | 61.992 | 59.739 | 57.298 | 55.502 | 54.105 | 65.965 | 78.821 |
Nepal | 26.087 | 30.238 | 30.069 | 39.220 | 43.700 | 45.039 | 46.284 | 47.353 | 48.229 |
Netherlands | 56.913 | 52.391 | 48.384 | 59.319 | 61.140 | 61.011 | 60.113 | 58.596 | 56.391 |
New Zealand | 31.267 | 28.518 | 31.542 | 48.023 | 60.217 | 65.564 | 68.018 | 68.510 | 66.903 |
Nicaragua | 34.080 | 37.550 | 42.139 | 48.255 | 50.259 | 50.474 | 51.249 | 53.366 | 55.501 |
Niger | 39.530 | 38.939 | 41.726 | 48.350 | 48.645 | 45.491 | 43.023 | 42.201 | 41.625 |
Nigeria | 25.340 | 27.657 | 29.142 | 34.978 | 35.509 | 36.231 | 36.538 | 36.977 | 37.449 |
North Macedonia | 39.383 | 40.599 | 40.166 | 50.254 | 50.526 | 50.620 | 50.810 | 51.075 | 51.506 |
Norway | 38.636 | 39.915 | 41.250 | 40.000 | 40.000 | 40.000 | 40.000 | 40.000 | 40.000 |
Oman | 46.416 | 53.168 | 63.056 | 81.529 | 88.651 | 86.677 | 90.833 | 95.278 | 99.074 |
Pakistan | 67.060 | 72.077 | 85.555 | 87.203 | 85.965 | 82.112 | 78.304 | 73.639 | 69.263 |
Panama | 34.784 | 36.777 | 41.037 | 54.951 | 60.139 | 60.644 | 58.942 | 57.320 | 55.286 |
Papua New Guinea | 32.484 | 36.782 | 40.059 | 46.702 | 47.738 | 49.160 | 47.776 | 47.727 | 45.690 |
Paraguay | 19.841 | 22.243 | 26.107 | 35.453 | 35.697 | 35.247 | 34.429 | 33.919 | 33.357 |
Peru | 25.413 | 26.164 | 27.122 | 39.482 | 39.131 | 39.681 | 39.394 | 38.803 | 37.796 |
Philippines | 38.108 | 37.134 | 36.969 | 48.858 | 52.512 | 54.970 | 56.963 | 58.412 | 59.333 |
Poland | 50.626 | 48.843 | 45.969 | 60.001 | 60.179 | 59.239 | 59.341 | 59.865 | 60.893 |
Portugal | 126.143 | 122.004 | 117.737 | 137.240 | 130.047 | 124.059 | 119.607 | 117.789 | 115.895 |
Puerto Rico | 51.628 | 54.647 | 56.206 | 64.806 | 65.271 | 65.569 | 66.307 | 66.971 | 67.502 |
Qatar | 51.552 | 46.543 | 56.182 | 68.059 | 60.578 | 54.031 | 48.031 | 43.008 | 37.955 |
Romania | 36.811 | 36.427 | 36.761 | 44.833 | 49.591 | 54.382 | 58.475 | 62.196 | 65.351 |
Russia | 14.311 | 13.520 | 13.915 | 18.942 | 18.982 | 18.528 | 18.201 | 18.048 | 17.915 |
Rwanda | 41.317 | 44.991 | 51.361 | 61.604 | 69.387 | 69.548 | 67.571 | 67.015 | 66.872 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 59.413 | 57.212 | 56.220 | 69.069 | 63.943 | 58.402 | 54.119 | 53.179 | 52.216 |
Saint Lucia | 59.869 | 59.979 | 61.321 | 85.096 | 87.702 | 88.650 | 86.511 | 85.696 | 84.545 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 73.501 | 75.642 | 75.196 | 87.927 | 89.694 | 90.831 | 90.802 | 89.239 | 86.809 |
Samoa | 49.655 | 52.894 | 47.525 | 55.606 | 65.339 | 70.368 | 73.502 | 73.333 | 73.227 |
San Marino | 76.641 | 78.769 | 85.708 | 97.408 | 95.173 | 94.517 | 94.117 | 94.846 | 95.321 |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 85.839 | 83.079 | 73.069 | 73.637 | 66.710 | 62.639 | 58.756 | 55.056 | 51.84 |
Saudi Arabia | 17.160 | 18.980 | 22.790 | 33.418 | 34.349 | 34.088 | 32.970 | 34.409 | 35.546 |
Senegal | 61.139 | 63.198 | 64.051 | 65.405 | 65.424 | 64.621 | 60.361 | 58.290 | 57.473 |
Serbia | 58.727 | 54.452 | 52.836 | 59.546 | 56.965 | 53.105 | 50.242 | 47.591 | 45.040 |
Seychelles | 62.275 | 57.682 | 55.260 | 88.562 | 84.984 | 80.337 | 73.030 | 67.290 | 61.361 |
Sierra Leone | 69.155 | 69.089 | 70.049 | 77.366 | 78.483 | 76.434 | 73.384 | 70.194 | 67.296 |
Singapore | 108.403 | 110.447 | 130.023 | 131.186 | 132.353 | 133.519 | 134.701 | 135.898 | 137.112 |
Slovakia | 51.312 | 49.463 | 48.000 | 61.792 | 60.625 | 58.989 | 56.923 | 55.623 | 55.178 |
Slovenia | 74.122 | 70.425 | 66.130 | 80.956 | 78.005 | 77.309 | 75.466 | 73.862 | 72.747 |
Solomon Islands | 8.386 | 8.199 | 8.913 | 15.346 | 18.785 | 21.375 | 23.753 | 25.738 | 27.830 |
South Africa | 53.022 | 56.710 | 62.151 | 78.821 | 82.758 | 85.679 | 87.275 | 86.921 | 85.174 |
South Korea | 40.050 | 40.022 | 41.924 | 48.410 | 52.241 | 55.801 | 59.254 | 62.268 | 64.960 |
South Sudan | 65.209 | 48.189 | 65.427 | 71.737 | 56.748 | 47.498 | 40.742 | 36.951 | 35.333 |
Spain | 98.556 | 97.601 | 95.466 | 123.038 | 121.310 | 120.375 | 119.308 | 118.120 | 118.813 |
Sri Lanka | 77.902 | 83.769 | 86.781 | 98.255 | 98.295 | 97.807 | 97.683 | 97.253 | 96.550 |
Sudan | 159.180 | 186.708 | 201.578 | 259.385 | 250.713 | 221.157 | 210.023 | 204.861 | 198.865 |
Suriname | 77.986 | 75.563 | 82.295 | 145.268 | 107.704 | 110.882 | 112.157 | 116.466 | 120.489 |
Sweden | 40.696 | 38.803 | 34.826 | 41.863 | 41.720 | 41.429 | 39.541 | 37.766 | 36.035 |
Switzerland | 42.703 | 40.956 | 42.138 | 48.749 | 48.476 | 47.945 | 47.333 | 46.242 | 45.279 |
Syria | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Taiwan | 34.514 | 33.978 | 32.769 | 35.602 | 35.611 | 34.569 | 32.967 | 31.189 | 29.330 |
Tajikistan | 50.293 | 47.819 | 43.087 | 47.768 | 48.860 | 48.454 | 48.344 | 48.242 | 47.963 |
Tanzania | 37.671 | 38.699 | 38.220 | 38.507 | 39.248 | 38.959 | 38.258 | 37.396 | 36.814 |
Thailand | 41.782 | 41.957 | 41.095 | 50.448 | 56.371 | 56.096 | 56.859 | 56.937 | 56.866 |
Togo | 75.952 | 76.152 | 70.854 | 73.458 | 71.108 | 68.887 | 65.571 | 62.229 | 59.212 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 42.502 | 42.164 | 45.116 | 57.460 | 64.286 | 67.575 | 71.231 | 75.164 | 78.925 |
Tunisia | 70.595 | 78.176 | 72.333 | 84.765 | 86.201 | 88.193 | 87.639 | 83.570 | 78.025 |
Turkey | 28.027 | 30.173 | 32.986 | 41.666 | 45.517 | 47.342 | 48.055 | 49.332 | 50.379 |
Turkmenistan | 30.592 | 31.366 | 32.783 | 30.911 | 26.681 | 25.857 | 29.794 | 32.362 | 33.322 |
Tuvalu | 34.564 | 25.258 | 19.524 | 16.002 | 7.902 | 4.553 | 3.878 | 3.477 | 3.111 |
Uganda | 33.800 | 35.122 | 38.229 | 46.048 | 50.933 | 54.865 | 57.314 | 57.785 | 55.372 |
Ukraine | 71.620 | 60.551 | 50.055 | 65.692 | 64.301 | 61.838 | 58.191 | 54.985 | 52.140 |
United Arab Emirates | 21.623 | 20.906 | 27.272 | 36.929 | 38.195 | 39.551 | 39.648 | 39.347 | 38.802 |
United Kingdom | 86.245 | 85.724 | 85.352 | 108.026 | 111.522 | 113.437 | 115.265 | 116.388 | 116.970 |
United States | 105.746 | 106.890 | 108.679 | 131.177 | 133.640 | 134.496 | 135.171 | 135.991 | 136.888 |
Uruguay | 60.986 | 63.401 | 65.911 | 69.496 | 69.025 | 69.185 | 69.441 | 69.841 | 69.531 |
Uzbekistan | 20.226 | 20.433 | 29.316 | 36.131 | 40.115 | 40.197 | 40.166 | 39.344 | 38.786 |
Vanuatu | 46.360 | 48.083 | 45.342 | 47.688 | 50.863 | 52.883 | 54.075 | 55.636 | 57.143 |
Venezuela | 26.004 | 180.789 | 232.786 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Vietnam | 46.309 | 43.580 | 43.365 | 46.623 | 47.104 | 47.179 | 46.907 | 46.381 | 45.644 |
Yemen | 77.426 | 74.544 | 76.527 | 81.651 | 79.330 | 78.375 | 71.932 | 65.499 | 60.356 |
Zambia | 65.523 | 77.243 | 91.898 | 119.974 | 119.567 | 116.462 | 112.258 | 107.743 | 102.683 |
Zimbabwe | 52.866 | 37.343 | 10.806 | 2.358 | 2.226 | 2.202 | 2.148 | 2.060 | 1.975 |
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1944, started on 27 December 1945, at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international monetary system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. As of 2016, the fund had XDR 477 billion.
The economy of Moldova is an upper-middle income economy with a high Human Development Index. Moldova is a landlocked Eastern European country, bordered by Ukraine on the east and Romania to the west. It is a former Soviet republic.
The economy of San Marino is a developed free-market economy focused around industries such as tourism, banking and the manufacture of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. Taken together, the manufacturing and financial sector make up more than half of the national GDP. The primary sector contribution to the GDP of the country is marginal, with the main agricultural products being wine and cheeses. In addition, San Marino sells collectible postage stamps to philatelists.
The economy of Guyana is the fastest growing in the world with a projected GDP growth of 26.2% in 2020. Guyana had a per capita gross domestic product of $8,300 in 2016 and an average GDP growth of 4.2% over the previous decade. Crude oil production started in 2019.
A country's gross external debt is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. The debtors can be governments, corporations or citizens. External debt may be denominated in domestic or foreign currency. It includes amounts owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
A country's gross government debt is the financial liabilities of the government sector. Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues. Government debt may be owed to domestic residents, as well as to foreign residents. If owed to foreign residents, that quantity is included in the country's external debt.
Foreign exchange reserves are cash and other reserve assets such as gold held by a central bank or other monetary authority that are primarily available to balance payments of the country, influence the foreign exchange rate of its currency, and to maintain confidence in financial markets. Reserves are held in one or more reserve currencies, nowadays mostly the United States dollar and to a lesser extent the euro.
The economy of the European Union is the joint economy of the member states of the European Union (EU). It is the third largest economy in the world in nominal terms, after the United States and China, and the third one in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, after China and the United States. The European Union's GDP was estimated to be around $15 trillion (nominal) in 2020, representing around 1/6 of the global economy.
The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country. External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP. Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.
The economy of Montenegro is currently in a process of transition, as it navigates the impacts of the Yugoslav Wars, the decline of industry following the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations.
Canadian government debt is the liabilities of the government sector. For 2020, the market value of financial liabilities, or gross debt, was $2,852 billion for the consolidated Canadian general government. As a ratio of GDP, gross debt was 129.2% in 2020, the highest level ever recorded. Approximately half, or 66.4% as a ratio of GDP, was debt of the federal government. The increase in debt in 2020 was driven primarily by massive deficits generated to finance numerous relief measures, notably in the form of transfers to households and subsidies to businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Australian government debt is the amount owed by the Australian federal government. The Australian Office of Financial Management, which is part of the Treasury Portfolio, is the agency which manages the government debt and does all the borrowing on behalf of the Australian government. Australian government borrowings are subject to limits and regulation by the Loan Council, unless the borrowing is for defence purposes or is a 'temporary' borrowing. Government debt and borrowings have national macroeconomic implications, and are also used as one of the tools available to the national government in the macroeconomic management of the national economy, enabling the government to create or dampen liquidity in financial markets, with flow on effects on the wider economy.
The external debt of India is the total debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government, state governments, corporations or citizens of India. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.