International development aid is given by many non-private donors. The first table is based on official development assistance (ODA) figures published by the OECD for members of its Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Non-DAC members included in the OECD's publishing are listed separately.
Luxembourg made the largest contribution as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) at 1.05% and the United Nations’ ODA target of 0.7% of GNI was also exceeded by Norway (1.02%), Sweden (0.99%) and Denmark (0.71%). [1] The European Union accumulated a higher portion of GDP as a form of foreign aid than any other economic union. [2]
The United States is a small contributor relative to GNI (0.18% 2016 [3] ) but is the largest single DAC donor of ODA in 2019 (US$34.6 billion), followed by Germany (0.6% GNI, US$23.8 billion), the United Kingdom (0.7%, US$19.4 billion), Japan (0.2%, US$15.5 billion) and France (0.4%, US$12.2 billion). Many providers beyond the DAC have long traditions of development cooperation. Amongst these, according to the preliminary figures for 2019 reported to the OECD, Turkey exceeded the 0.7% ODA/GNI target with 1.15%. [1]
To qualify as official development assistance, a contribution must contain three elements:
Thus, by definition, ODA does not include private donations, nor any development loans at market rates.
The sum of contributions by EU member states, considered separately from EU institutions, was $73.80 billion. [4]
The OECD's Development Assistance Committee members' total budget reached 152.8 billion dollars and was contributed by the following donors in 2019: [1]
Donor | Total development aid | Development aid per capita [ citation needed ] | % of GNI |
---|---|---|---|
Australia | $2.95 billion | $129.92 | 0.22 |
Austria | $1.21 billion | $137.59 | 0.27 |
Belgium | $2.18 billion | $167.20 | 0.42 |
Canada | $6.4 billion [5] | $170.25 | 0.27 |
Czech Republic | $310 million | $18.85 | 0.13 |
Denmark | $2.55 billion | $447.05 | 0.71 |
EU Institutions (excl. EU members) | $14.827 billion [6] | $27.03 | |
Finland | $1.13 billion | $234.13 | 0.42 |
France | $12.18 billion | $137.35 | 0.44 |
Germany | $23.81 billion | $214.73 | 0.60 |
Greece | $310 million | $25.04 | 0.14 |
Iceland | $70 million | $120.29 | 0.27 |
Ireland | $940 million | $151.2 | 0.31 |
Italy | $4.9 billion | $63.38 | 0.24 |
Japan | $15.51 billion [7] | $73.58 | 0.29 |
Luxembourg | $470 million | $609.48 | 1.05 |
Netherlands | $5.29 billion | $338.38 | 0.59 |
New Zealand | $560 million | $90.75 | 0.28 |
Norway | $4.29 billion | $812.58 | 1.02 |
Poland | $680 million | $11.45 | 0.12 |
Portugal | $370 million | $30.07 | 0.16 |
Slovak Republic | $130 million | $16.56 | 0.12 |
Slovenia | $90 million | $29.04 | 0.16 |
South Korea | $2.52 billion | $37.13 | 0.15 |
Spain | $2.90 billion | $34.52 | 0.21 |
Sweden | $5.40 billion | $701.10 | 0.99 |
Switzerland | $3.09 billion | $421.37 | 0.44 |
United Kingdom | $19.37 billion | $284.85 | 0.50 |
United States | $34.62 billion | $95.52 | 0.16 |
Non-DAC members reported the following figures:
Donor | Total development aid | Development aid per capita [ citation needed ] | % of GNI |
---|---|---|---|
China | $38 billion [8] [9] [10] | $27.86 | 0.36 |
India | $33 billion ($2.4 billion grants + $30.59 billion LOC) [11] [12] | $21.24 | 0.65 |
United Arab Emirates | $12.24 billion | $467 | 0.55 |
Turkey [ citation needed ] | $8.652 billion | $47 | 1.15 |
Qatar | $2 billion [13] | $757.80 | 1.17 |
Russia [ citation needed ] | $1.14 billion | $8 | 0.03 |
Taiwan | $502 million [14] [15] [16] [17] | $21.3 | 0.07 [14] |
Israel [ citation needed ] | $280 million | $24 | 0.07 |
Hungary [ citation needed ] | $150 million | $15 | 0.1 |
Lithuania [ citation needed ] | $60 million | $14 | 0.11 |
Croatia [ citation needed ] | $50 million | $12 | 0.14 |
Estonia [ citation needed ] | $40 million | $23 | 0.13 |
Malta [ citation needed ] | $40 million | $22 | 0.3 |
Latvia [ citation needed ] | $30 million | $10 | 0.10 |
The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) is a directorate under the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In matters regarding Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI), Norad reports to the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment.
Official development assistance (ODA) is a category used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure foreign aid. The DAC first adopted the concept in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow. It refers to material resources given by the governments of richer countries to promote the economic development of poorer countries and the welfare of their people. The donor government agency may disburse such resources to the government of the recipient country or through other organizations. Most ODA is in the form of grants, but some is measured as the concessional value in soft (low-interest) loans.
Development aid is a type of foreign/international/overseas aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries. Closely related concepts include: developmental aid, development assistance, official development assistance, development policy, development cooperation and technical assistance. It is distinguished from humanitarian aid by aiming at a sustained improvement in the conditions in a developing country, rather than short-term relief. Development aid is thus widely seen as a major way to meet Sustainable Development Goal 1 for the developing nations.
In international relations, aid is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another.
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) is the brand used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries. There is no distinct Danida organisation within the Ministry.
An export credit agency or investment insurance agency is a private or quasi-governmental institution that acts as an intermediary between national governments and exporters to issue export insurance solutions and guarantees for financing. The financing can take the form of credits or credit insurance and guarantees or both, depending on the mandate the ECA has been given by its government. ECAs can also offer credit or cover on their own account. This does not differ from normal banking activities. Some agencies are government-sponsored, others private, and others a combination of the two.
The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, abbreviated BMZ, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is at the former German Chancellery in Bonn with a second major office at the Europahaus in Berlin.
Australian Aid is the brand name used to identify projects in developing countries supported by the Australian Government. As of 2014 the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) has been responsible for Australia's official development assistance to developing countries.
Japan emerged as one of the largest foreign aid donors in the world during the 1980s.
Tied aid is a kind of foreign aid. It must be spent on products & services provided by companies that are from the country providing the aid or in a group of selected countries.
The Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs is a government department of Greece, headed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The ministry has its headquarters in Athens.
The Directorate-General for International Partnerships is the European Commission department responsible for international development policy. It operates under the authority of the European Commissioner for International Partnerships, Jutta Urpilainen.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) is a forum to discuss issues surrounding aid, development and poverty reduction in developing countries. It describes itself as being the "venue and voice" of the world's major donor countries.
The Official Development Assistance is an arm of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). The goal of the office is to help developing nations with supplies, civil engineering and other assistance. The ODA was started in 1954 after Japan signed the Colombo Plan, which pledges to provide aid to nations who need it. As of 2003, the ODA has provided over $221 billion USD to 185 nations and regions. The main institution that is managing Japanese ODA is Japan International Cooperation Agency.
The Korea International Cooperation Agency was established in 1991 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea as a governmental organization for Official Development Assistance (ODA). KOICA's goal is to enhance the effectiveness of South Korea's grant aid programs for developing countries by implementing the government's grant aid and technical cooperation programs. KOICA is led by three-year-term president of the board who is appointed by the President upon the recommendation of Foreign Minister.
Jorge Manuel Lopes Moreira da SilvaGOIH is a Portuguese engineer and politician of the Social Democratic Party serving as the Executive Director of the United Nations Office for Project Services, UNOPS, since 2023.
Aid Data is an Aid Transparency, Information Technology, and Geocoding institute which was formed in March 23, 2009. Its headquarters are in Williamsburg, Virginia. The Aid Data website provides access to development finance activity records from most official aid donors.
Chinese foreign aid may be considered as both governmental (official) and private development aid and humanitarian aid originating from the People’s Republic of China.
Irish Aid is the Government of Ireland's official international development aid programme. Irish Aid is managed by the Development Co-Operation and Africa Division (DCAD) of the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA). According to the OECD, Ireland’s total ODA increased in 2022, mostly due to higher in-donor refugee costs and higher contributions to international organisations. ODA represented 0.64% of gross national income (GNI). The Irish Aid programme is an integral part of Ireland's foreign policy.
The Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) is a Saudi Arabian government agency that provides development assistance to developing countries by financing social and infrastructure projects. The fund seeks to support the economies of recipient countries by enhancing economic growth and promoting job opportunities. SFD was established in 1974 and began operations in 1975. SFD's activities include development, finance, trade, and funding. The fund is led by H.E. Mr. Ahmed bin Aqeel Al-khateeb who also serves as the Minister of Tourism for Saudi Arabia.