This list of European countries by population comprises the 51 countries and 5 territories and dependencies in Europe, broadly defined, including Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and the countries of the Caucasus.
The most populous European country is Russia, with a population of over 144 million. Turkey, with a population of about 85 million, straddles both Europe and Asia, with most of its population living within its Asian part; though within its territory in Europe, some one-tenth of its population is situated. [1] Excluding Turkey, Germany is the second-most populous country on the continent, with a population of about 84 million.
The ranking here is according to the national figures, which may be estimates or somewhat out of date so the ranking of countries that are very close in population is approximate. The United Nations estimates are those published in the UN's World Population Prospectsas of 2023 [update] , [2] which are based on censuses, population registers, surveys, and other statistics. [3] This list also includes the partially recognized country of Kosovo.
Country / territory | UN estimate (2023) | % change | Official figure | Official date | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 T | Russia | 144,444,359 | −0.2% | 146,447,424 | 1 Jan 2023 [4] | [lower-alpha 1] |
2 T | Turkey | 85,816,199 | 0.1% | 85,372,377 | 31 Dec 2023 [5] | |
3 | Germany | 83,294,633 | −0.1% | 84,607,016 | 30 Sep 2023 [6] | |
4 T | United Kingdom | 67,736,802 | 0.3% | 67,026,292 | 30 Jun 2021 [7] | [lower-alpha 2] |
5 T | France | 64,756,584 | 0.2% | 68,221,000 | 1 Nov 2023 [8] | [lower-alpha 3] |
6 | Italy | 58,870,763 | −0.3% | 58,803,163 | 1 Apr 2023 [9] | |
7 T | Spain | 47,519,628 | −0.1% | 48,446,594 | 1 Oct 2023 [10] | |
8 | Poland | 41,026,068 | 2.9% | 37,749,000 | 31 Jan 2023 [11] | |
9 | Ukraine | 36,744,634 | −7.4% | 41,130,432 | 1 Feb 2022 [12] | [lower-alpha 4] |
10 | Romania | 19,892,812 | 1.2% | 19,053,815 | 1 Jan 2022 [13] | |
11 T | Kazakhstan | 19,606,634 | 1.1% | 19,854,083 | 1 May 2023 [14] | |
12 T | Netherlands | 17,618,299 | 0.3% | 17,938,053 | 31 Oct 2023 [15] | |
13 | Belgium | 11,686,140 | 0.3% | 11,697,557 | 1 Jan 2023 [16] | |
14 | Sweden | 10,612,086 | 0.6% | 10,540,886 | 31 May 2023 [17] | |
15 | Czech Republic | 10,495,295 | 0% | 10,850,620 | 31 Mar 2023 [18] | |
16 T | Azerbaijan | 10,412,652 | 0.5% | 10,135,373 | 1 Mar 2023 [19] | |
17 | Greece | 10,341,277 | −0.4% | 10,482,487 | 22 Oct 2021 [20] | |
18 T | Portugal | 10,247,605 | −0.2% | 10,444,240 | 31 Dec 2022 [21] | |
19 | Hungary | 9,604,000 | −3.6% | 9,597,085 | 1 Jan 2023 [22] | |
20 | Belarus | 9,498,238 | −0.4% | 9,200,600 | 1 Jan 2023 [23] | |
21 | Austria | 8,958,961 | 0.2% | 9,154,514 | 1 Oct 2023 [24] | |
22 | Switzerland | 8,796,669 | 0.6% | 8,931,306 | 30 Sep 2023 [25] | |
23 | Serbia | 7,149,077 | −1.0% | 6,641,197 | 1 Jan 2023 [26] | [lower-alpha 5] |
24 | Bulgaria | 6,687,717 | −1.4% | 6,447,710 | 31 Dec 2022 [27] | |
25 T | Denmark | 5,910,913 | 0.5% | 5,959,464 | 1 Oct 2023 [28] | |
26 | Slovakia | 5,795,199 | 2.7% | 5,426,248 | 1 Apr 2023 [29] | |
27 | Finland | 5,545,475 | 0.1% | 5,599,869 | 31 Oct 2023 [30] | |
28 T | Norway | 5,474,360 | 0.7% | 5,533,582 | 30 Sep 2023 [31] | |
29 | Ireland | 5,056,935 | 0.7% | 5,149,139 | 3 Apr 2022 [32] | |
30 | Croatia | 4,008,617 | −0.5% | 3,879,074 | 31 Dec 2021 [33] | |
31 T | Georgia | 3,728,282 | −0.4% | 3,688,600 | 1 Jan 2022 [34] | [lower-alpha 6] |
32 | Moldova | 3,435,931 | 5.0% | 2,597,100 | 1 Jan 2021 [35] | |
33 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,210,848 | −0.7% | 3,219,415 | 15 Jun 2020 [36] | |
34 | Albania | 2,832,439 | −0.3% | 2,793,592 | 1 Jan 2022 [37] | |
35 C | Armenia | 2,777,971 | −0.1% | 2,961,600 | 1 Jan 2022 [38] | |
36 | Lithuania | 2,718,352 | −1.2% | 2,864,906 | 1 Jul 2023 [39] | |
37 | Slovenia | 2,119,675 | 0% | 2,107,180 | 1 Jan 2022 [40] | |
38 | North Macedonia | 2,085,679 | −0.4% | 1,836,713 | 31 Dec 2021 [41] | |
39 | Latvia | 1,830,212 | −1.1% | 1,886,300 | 1 May 2022 [42] | |
40 | Kosovo | 1,663,595 | 0.2% | 1,773,971 | 31 Dec 2021 [43] | |
41 | Estonia | 1,322,766 | −0.2% | 1,331,796 | 1 Jan 2022 [44] | |
42 C | Cyprus | 1,260,138 | 0.7% | 918,100 | 31 Oct 2021 [45] | |
43 | Luxembourg | 654,768 | 1.1% | 645,397 | 1 Jan 2022 [46] | |
44 | Montenegro | 626,485 | −0.1% | 617,683 | 1 Jan 2022 [47] | |
45 | Malta | 535,065 | 0.3% | 520,971 | 31 Dec 2021 [48] | |
46 | Iceland | 375,319 | 0.7% | 396,960 | 30 Sep 2023 [49] | |
Jersey (UK) | 111,803 | 0.9% | 103,267 | 21 Mar 2021 [50] | ||
Isle of Man (UK) | 84,710 | 0.2% | 84,069 | 24 Apr 2021 [51] | ||
47 | Andorra | 80,088 | 0.3% | 80,120 | 1 May 2022 [52] | |
Guernsey (UK) | 63,544 | 0.2% | 67,642 | 1 Jul 2023 [53] | [lower-alpha 7] | |
Faroe Islands (Denmark) | 53,270 | 0.3% | 54,081 | 1 Sep 2022 [57] | ||
48 | Liechtenstein | 39,585 | 0.7% | 39,315 | 31 Dec 2021 [58] | |
49 | Monaco | 36,298 | −0.5% | 39,150 | 31 Dec 2021 [59] | |
50 | San Marino | 33,642 | −0.1% | 33,785 | 30 Sep 2022 [60] | |
Gibraltar (UK) | 32,688 | 0.1% | 34,003 | 26 Jun 2022 [61] | ||
51 | Vatican City | 518 | 1.6% | 764 | 26 Jun 2023 [62] | [lower-alpha 8] |
The demographic features of the population of Georgia include population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
The demographics of Kazakhstan enumerate the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Some use the word Kazakh to refer to the Kazakh ethnic group and language and Kazakhstani to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens regardless of ethnicity, but it is common to use Kazakh in both senses. It is expected that by 2050, the population will range from 23.5 to 27.7 million people.
Demographic features of the population of North Macedonia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Demographic features of the population of Romania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
According to the United Nations, Ukraine has a population of 36,744,636 as of 2023. In July 2023, Reuters reported that due to the refugee outpouring into Western Europe, the population of Kyiv-controlled areas may have decreased to as low as 28 million. This is a steep decline from 2020, when it had a population of almost 42 million people. This is in large part due to the ongoing Ukrainian refugee crisis and loss of territory caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The most recent census of a post-Soviet Ukraine occurred over 20 years ago, in 2001. Thus, much of the information presented here could be inaccurate and/or outdated.
The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably. The population of England at the 2021 census was about 56,489,800.
Serbian diaspora refers to Serbian emigrant communities in the diaspora. The existence of a numerous diaspora of Serbian nationals is mainly a consequence of either economic or political reasons.
Demographic features of the population of Serbia include vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population.
Demographic features of the population of the area commonly described as Palestinian territories includes information on ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of that population.
Overseas Pakistanis, or the Pakistani diaspora, refers to Pakistanis who live outside of Pakistan. These include citizens that have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Pakistani descent. According to the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad according to December 2017 estimates. According to the Ministry of Emigration and Overseas Employment, data released in 2023 states that more than 10.80 million people have moved abroad since 1990. beoe.gov.pk
This is a list of countries and territories in Europe by population density. Data are from the United Nations unless otherwise specified.
The Kosovo Agency of Statistics monitors various demographic features of the population of Kosovo, such as population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Censuses, normally conducted at ten-year intervals, record the demographic characteristics of the population. According to the first census conducted after the 2008 declaration of independence in 2011, the permanent population of Kosovo had reached 1,810,366.
Accurate or reliable data for historical populations of Armenians is scarce, but scholars and institutions have proposed estimates for different periods.