The following list of countries by intentional death rate has been obtained by adding the suicide rate from the World Health Organization and the homicide rate from the UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Study. Intentional deaths include homicide (intentional injury death of another) and suicide (intentional injury death of self).
Based upon various metrics alongside calculations over the course of multiple years, Singapore has the lowest intentional death rate in the world, with Honduras being the highest. [1] [2]
Intentional homicide is defined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in its Global Study on Homicide report [3] thus:
Within the broad range of violent deaths, the core element of intentional homicide is the complete liability of the direct perpetrator, which thus excludes killings directly related to war or conflicts, self-inflicted death (suicide), killings due to legal interventions or justifiable killings (such as self-defence), and those deaths caused when the perpetrator was reckless or negligent but did not intend to take a human life (non-intentional homicide).
Though some discrepancies exist in how specific categories of intentional killings are classified, the definitions used by countries to record data are generally close to the UNODC definition, making the homicide rates highly comparable at the international level. [4] UNODC uses the homicide rate as a proxy for overall violence, as this type of crime is one of the most accurately reported and internationally comparable indicators. [5]
Figures from the Global Study on Homicide are based on the UNODC Homicide Statistics dataset, which is derived from the criminal justice or public health systems of a variety of countries and territories. [6] The homicide rates derived from criminal justice data (typically recorded by police authorities) and the public health system data (recorded when the cause of death is established) may diverge substantially for some countries. [7] The two sources usually match in the Americas, Europe and Oceania, but there are large discrepancies for the three African countries reporting both sources. [8] For the 70 countries in which neither source was made available, figures were derived from WHO statistical models. [7]
Deaths resulting from an armed conflict between states are never included in the count. [9] Killings caused by a non-international armed conflict may or may not be included, depending on the intensity of hostilities and whether it is classified as 'civil unrest' or a clash between organized armed groups. [9]
Country | Intentional Death | Homicide | Suicide | Ratio (H:S) |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 131.1 | 43.6 | 87.5 | 0.50 |
![]() | 65.5 | 5.3 | 60.2 | 0.09 |
![]() | 60.9 | 20.0 | 40.9 | 0.49 |
![]() | 57.0 | 33.5 | 23.5 | 1.43 |
![]() | 52.1 | 11.6 | 40.5 | 0.29 |
![]() | 49.3 | 49.3 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 47.0 | 44.7 | 2.3 | 19.43 |
![]() | 43.3 | 37.2 | 6.1 | 6.10 |
![]() | 43.1 | 20.1 | 23.0 | 6.10 |
![]() | 41.4 | 34.5 | 6.9 | 0.87 |
![]() | 38.9 | 36.3 | 2.6 | 13.96 |
![]() | 38.9 | 30.6 | 8.3 | 3.69 |
![]() | 38.8 | 36.7 | 2.1 | 17.48 |
![]() | 37.5 | 36.5 | 1.0 | 36.50 |
![]() | 36.1 | 36.1 | 0.0 | N/A |
![]() | 35.4 | 15.2 | 20.2 | 0.75 |
![]() | 33.7 | 28.4 | 5.3 | 5.36 |
![]() | 33.4 | 25.7 | 7.7 | 3.34 |
![]() | 31.3 | 5.4 | 25.9 | 0.21 |
![]() | 31.1 | 7.5 | 23.6 | 0.32 |
![]() | 30.9 | 12.1 | 18.8 | 0.64 |
![]() | 30.6 | N/A | 30.6 | N/A |
![]() | 29.0 | N/A | 29.0 | N/A |
![]() | 28.9 | 7.3 | 21.6 | 0.34 |
![]() | 28.7 | 22.5 | 6.2 | 3.63 |
![]() | 28.3 | 28.3 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 28.3 | 21.4 | 6.9 | 3.10 |
![]() | 27.7 | 27.7 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 27.3 | 20.9 | 6.4 | 3.27 |
![]() | 26.7 | 3.5 | 23.2 | 0.15 |
![]() | 26.3 | 22.6 | 3.7 | 6.11 |
![]() | 25.9 | 18.5 | 7.4 | 2.50 |
![]() | 25.4 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 0.88 |
![]() | 24.0 | 6.0 | 18.0 | 0.33 |
![]() | 23.9 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 0.96 |
![]() | 23.9 | 6.2 | 17.7 | 0.35 |
![]() | 23.9 | 3.7 | 20.2 | 0.18 |
![]() | 22.0 | 18.6 | 3.4 | 5.47 |
![]() | 21.8 | 0.6 | 21.2 | 0.03 |
![]() | 21.7 | 6.5 | 15.2 | 0.43 |
![]() | 21.6 | 14.9 | 6.7 | 2.22 |
![]() | 21.3 | 3.2 | 18.1 | 0.18 |
![]() | 21.0 | N/A | 21.0 | N/A |
![]() | 20.8 | 20.8 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 20.8 | 6.3 | 14.5 | 0.43 |
![]() | 20.3 | 20.3 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 20.1 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 0.93 |
![]() | 19.8 | 5.4 | 14.4 | 0.38 |
![]() | 19.1 | 2.9 | 16.2 | 0.18 |
![]() | 19.0 | 19.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 18.9 | 2.4 | 16.5 | 0.15 |
![]() | 18.8 | 11.2 | 7.6 | 1.47 |
![]() | 18.7 | 2.6 | 16.1 | 0.16 |
![]() | 18.3 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 0.93 |
![]() | 18.2 | 6.1 | 12.1 | 0.50 |
![]() | 17.9 | 6.7 | 11.2 | 0.59 |
![]() | 17.4 | 4.8 | 12.6 | 0.38 |
![]() | 17.4 | N/A | 17.4 | N/A |
![]() | 17.3 | 1.4 | 15.9 | 0.09 |
![]() | 17.3 | N/A | 17.3 | N/A |
![]() | 17.1 | 12.5 | 4.6 | 2.72 |
![]() | 16.3 | 4.1 | 12.2 | 0.34 |
![]() | 15.9 | 3.0 | 12.9 | 0.23 |
![]() | 15.8 | 15.8 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 15.7 | 1.3 | 14.4 | 0.09 |
![]() | 15.7 | N/A | 15.7 | N/A |
![]() | 15.6 | 1.7 | 13.9 | 0.12 |
![]() | 15.5 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 1.01 |
![]() | 15.3 | 2.4 | 12.9 | 0.19 |
![]() | 15.3 | 3.2 | 12.0 | 0.27 |
![]() | 15.2 | 5.0 | 10.2 | 0.49 |
![]() | 15.0 | 4.0 | 11.0 | 0.36 |
![]() | 15.0 | 1.6 | 13.4 | 0.12 |
![]() | 14.9 | 0.3 | 14.6 | 0.02 |
![]() | 14.8 | 10.1 | 4.7 | 2.15 |
![]() | 14.8 | N/A | 14.8 | N/A |
![]() | 14.7 | 6.5 | 8.2 | 0.79 |
![]() | 14.7 | N/A | 14.7 | N/A |
![]() | 14.6 | N/A | 14.6 | N/A |
![]() | 14.5 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 0.44 |
![]() | 14.5 | 0.5 | 14.0 | 0.04 |
![]() | 14.0 | 8.9 | 5.1 | 1.75 |
![]() | 14.0 | 11.1 | 2.9 | 3.83 |
![]() | 13.8 | 1.1 | 12.7 | 0.09 |
![]() | 13.7 | 3.9 | 9.8 | 0.40 |
![]() | 13.6 | 1.2 | 12.4 | 0.10 |
![]() | 13.5 | 1.1 | 12.4 | 0.09 |
![]() | 13.5 | N/A | 13.5 | N/A |
![]() | 13.4 | 5.3 | 8.1 | 0.65 |
![]() | 13.2 | 13.2 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 13.2 | N/A | 13.2 | N/A |
![]() | 13.1 | N/A | 13.1 | N/A |
![]() | 13.0 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 0.91 |
![]() | 13.0 | 1.7 | 11.3 | 0.15 |
![]() | 12.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 1.08 |
![]() | 12.9 | 2.6 | 10.3 | 0.25 |
![]() | 12.7 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 1.12 |
![]() | 12.7 | 1.5 | 11.2 | 0.13 |
![]() | 12.6 | 2.1 | 10.5 | 0.20 |
![]() | 12.6 | 0.8 | 11.8 | 0.07 |
![]() | 12.5 | 0.3 | 12.2 | 0.02 |
![]() | 12.4 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 0.55 |
![]() | 12.4 | 1.8 | 10.6 | 0.17 |
![]() | 12.4 | 0.6 | 11.8 | 0.05 |
![]() | 12.4 | N/A | 12.4 | N/A |
![]() | 12.3 | 2.0 | 10.3 | 0.19 |
![]() | 12.3 | N/A | 12.3 | N/A |
![]() | 12.2 | 0.9 | 11.3 | 0.08 |
![]() | 12.1 | 2.6 | 9.5 | 0.27 |
![]() | 12.1 | 2.3 | 9.8 | 0.23 |
![]() | 12.0 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 0.09 |
![]() | 11.9 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 1.53 |
![]() | 11.9 | N/A | 11.9 | N/A |
![]() | 11.7 | 2.9 | 8.8 | 0.33 |
![]() | 11.6 | N/A | 11.6 | N/A |
![]() | 11.4 | 11.1 | 0.3 | 37.00 |
![]() | 11.4 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 18.00 |
![]() | 11.3 | 0.3 | 11.0 | 0.03 |
![]() | 11.1 | 0.7 | 10.4 | 0.07 |
![]() | 10.9 | 1.2 | 9.7 | 0.12 |
![]() | 10.7 | 3.3 | 7.4 | 0.45 |
![]() | 10.6 | 7.9 | 2.7 | 2.93 |
![]() | 10.6 | 2.6 | 8.0 | 0.33 |
![]() | 10.5 | 2.2 | 8.3 | 0.27 |
![]() | 10.5 | 1.2 | 9.3 | 0.13 |
![]() | 10.3 | 4.2 | 6.1 | 0.69 |
![]() | 10.3 | 0.5 | 9.8 | 0.05 |
![]() | 10.2 | 0.7 | 9.5 | 0.07 |
![]() | 10.1 | 9.8 | 0.3 | 32.67 |
![]() | 10.0 | 0.7 | 9.3 | 0.08 |
![]() | 9.9 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 1.06 |
![]() | 9.9 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 0.29 |
![]() | 9.9 | 1.9 | 8.0 | 0.24 |
![]() | 9.9 | 0.6 | 9.3 | 0.06 |
![]() | 9.9 | 0.2 | 9.7 | 0.02 |
![]() | 9.6 | 0.7 | 8.9 | 0.08 |
![]() | 9.6 | N/A | 9.6 | N/A |
![]() | 9.5 | 1.2 | 8.3 | 0.14 |
![]() | 9.5 | N/A | 9.5 | N/A |
![]() | 9.4 | 1.1 | 8.3 | 0.13 |
![]() | 9.2 | N/A | 9.2 | N/A |
![]() | 9.1 | 0.8 | 8.3 | 0.10 |
![]() | 8.9 | 1.0 | 7.9 | 0.13 |
![]() | 8.8 | 1.5 | 7.3 | 0.21 |
![]() | 8.8 | 0.2 | 8.6 | 0.02 |
![]() | 8.7 | 1.5 | 7.2 | 0.21 |
![]() | 8.6 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 0.91 |
![]() | 8.6 | 1.3 | 7.3 | 0.18 |
![]() | 8.6 | 1.0 | 7.6 | 0.13 |
![]() | 8.5 | N/A | 8.5 | N/A |
![]() | 8.4 | 1.2 | 7.2 | 0.17 |
![]() | 8.3 | 8.3 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 8.2 | 8.2 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 8.2 | N/A | 8.2 | N/A |
![]() | 8.1 | 8.1 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 8.1 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 0.17 |
![]() | 8.1 | 0.9 | 7.2 | 0.13 |
![]() | 8.0 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 1.50 |
![]() | 8.0 | N/A | 8.0 | N/A |
![]() | 7.9 | 2.1 | 5.8 | 0.36 |
![]() | 7.7 | 0.5 | 7.2 | 0.07 |
![]() | 7.6 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 0.49 |
![]() | 7.6 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 0.49 |
![]() | 7.5 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 0.15 |
![]() | 7.3 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 0.33 |
![]() | 7.2 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 0.07 |
![]() | 6.9 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 1.76 |
![]() | 6.9 | 1.6 | 5.3 | 0.30 |
![]() | 6.7 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 0.29 |
![]() | 6.7 | 1.3 | 5.4 | 0.24 |
![]() | 6.3 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 0.62 |
![]() | 6.3 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 0.58 |
![]() | 6.2 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 0.17 |
![]() | 6.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 0.76 |
![]() | 6.0 | N/A | 6.0 | N/A |
![]() | 5.9 | 5.9 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 5.9 | 0.6 | 5.3 | 0.11 |
![]() | 5.8 | 5.8 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 5.8 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 0.57 |
![]() | 5.7 | 5.7 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 5.7 | 0.5 | 5.2 | 0.10 |
![]() | 5.5 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
![]() | 5.5 | N/A | 5.5 | N/A |
![]() | 5.3 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 0.77 |
![]() | 5.1 | 0.4 | 4.7 | 0.09 |
![]() | 4.9 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.13 |
![]() | 4.8 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 0.12 |
![]() | 4.8 | 0.3 | 4.5 | 0.07 |
![]() | 4.7 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 0.68 |
![]() | 4.5 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 0.67 |
![]() | 4.5 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 0.67 |
![]() | 4.5 | N/A | 4.5 | N/A |
![]() | 4.4 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 0.38 |
![]() | 4.4 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 0.22 |
![]() | 4.4 | N/A | 4.4 | N/A |
![]() | 3.9 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 0.50 |
![]() | 3.6 | N/A | 3.6 | N/A |
![]() | 3.5 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 0.25 |
![]() | 3.0 | 3.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.50 |
![]() | 3.0 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
![]() | 3.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.20 |
![]() | 3.0 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 0.15 |
![]() | 2.8 | 2.8 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 2.6 | 2.6 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 2.6 | 2.6 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 2.4 | 2.4 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 2.2 | 2.2 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 1.9 | 1.9 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 1.8 | 1.8 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 1.0 | 1.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.8 | 0.8 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.3 | 0.3 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A | N/A |
![]() | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A | N/A |
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse committed with the necessary intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisdiction. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of malice, such as in the case of voluntary manslaughter brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. Involuntary manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent, recklessness.
Gun control, or firearms regulation, is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians.
Homicide is an act in which a human causes the death of another human. A homicide requires only a volitional act or an omission that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm. Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war, euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
Crime in Japan has been recorded since at least the 1800s, and has varied over time.
Law enforcement in Japan is provided mainly by prefectural police under the oversight of the National Police Agency. The National Police Agency is administered by the National Public Safety Commission, ensuring that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of direct central government executive control. They are checked by an independent judiciary and monitored by a free and active press.
Crime is one of the most urgent concerns facing Mexico, as Mexican drug trafficking rings play a major role in the flow of cocaine, methamphetamine, fentanyl, heroin, and marijuana transiting between Latin America and the United States. Drug trafficking has led to corruption, which has had a deleterious effect on Mexico's Federal Representative Republic. Drug trafficking and organized crime have been a major source of violent crime. Drug cartels and gangs have also branched out to conduct alternative illegal activities for profit, including sex trafficking in Mexico. Some of the most increasingly violent states in Mexico in 2020 included Guanajuato, Zacatecas, Michoacán, Jalisco, and Querétaro. Some of the world's most violent cities are reportedly within the state of Guanajuato with extortion from criminal groups now being commonplace. The state of Zacatecas is said to be valuable to multiple organized crime groups for drug trafficking, specifically methamphetamine to the United States. As of 2021, Michoacán is experiencing increased instances of extortion and kidnapping due to a growing presence and escalation in the armed conflicts between CJNG and Cárteles Unidos on regions bordering the neighboring state of Jalisco. CJNG is also currently battling the Los Chapitos faction of the Sinaloa Cartel in the North Mexican region of Sonora.
Crime has been recorded in the United States since its founding and has fluctuated significantly over time. Most available data underestimate crime before the 1930s, giving the false impression that crime was low in the early 1900s and had a sharp rise after. Instead, violent crime during the colonial period was likely three times higher than the highest modern rates in the data we have, and crime had been on the decline since colonial times. Within the better data for crime reporting and recording available starting in the 1930s, crime reached its broad, bulging modern peak between the 1970s and early 1990s. After 1992, crime rates have generally trended downwards each year, with the exceptions of a slight increase in property crimes in 2001 and increases in violent crimes in 2005–2006, 2014–2016 and 2020–2021.
Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th century BC.
Gun-related violence is violence committed with the use of a firearm. Gun-related violence may or may not be considered criminal. Criminal violence includes homicide, assault with a deadly weapon, and suicide, or attempted suicide, depending on jurisdiction. Non-criminal violence includes accidental or unintentional injury and death. Also generally included in gun violence statistics are military or para-military activities.
Some areas of Jamaica, particularly population centers such as Kingston, Montego Bay and Spanish Town, experience high levels of crime and violence. Jamaica has had one of the highest intentional homicide rates in the world for many years, according to United Nations estimates. Former Prime Minister P. J. Patterson described the situation as "a national challenge of unprecedented proportions".
Slovakia is a Central European country with a history of relatively low crime. While crime became more widespread after the Revolutions of 1989, it remains low when compared to many other post-communist countries.
Colombia has a high crime rate due to being a center for the cultivation and trafficking of cocaine. The Colombian conflict began in the mid-1960s and is a low-intensity conflict between Colombian governments, paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, and left-wing guerrillas such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the National Liberation Army (ELN), fighting each other to increase their influence in Colombian territory. Two of the most important international actors that have contributed to the Colombian conflict are multinational companies and the United States.
Crime in Peru has steadily decreased since the 2010s and into the 2020s. Peru's main indicators of crime are the homicide rate and the victimization rate; the victimization rate dropped from forty percent in 2011 to under twenty five percent in 2020.
Crime in Bolivia is investigated by the Bolivian police.
According to the data given by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, worldwide, 79% of homicide victims are men, and in 193 of the 202 listed countries or regions, men were more likely to be killed than women. In two, the ratio was 50:50, and in the remaining seven – Tonga, Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Latvia, and Hong Kong – women were slightly more likely to be victims of homicides compared to males. A 2000 global study on homicide by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime found that men account "for an average of 95 per cent of all persons convicted of homicide in 53 countries" and 79% of the victims. The highest female homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants was in Honduras and highest male homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants was in Lesotho.
Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is investigated by the DRC's police.
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