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Emigration from Colombia is a migratory phenomenon that started in the early 20th century.[ citation needed ]
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Emigration from Colombia is a migratory phenomenon that started in the early 20th century.[ citation needed ]
Immigration from Colombia was determined mostly by security issues linked mainly to the Colombian armed conflict. From 1980-2000, emigration from Colombia was one of the largest in volume in Hispanic America. According to the 2005 Colombian census or DANE, about 3,331,107 Colombian citizens currently permanently reside outside of Colombia. [1] [2] Other estimates, however, suggest that the actual number could exceed 4 million, or almost 10 percent of the country's population. [3] Approximately 1.2 million Colombians are believed to have left the country during 2000–5 and not returned. [3]
In 2005, the population movement towards North America and Europe in particular has been motivated in some cases by the threat of violence but more typically by the search for greater economic opportunity. [3] Due to the current sociopolitical situation in Colombia, emigration affects Colombians of all social standings and geographic zones. The highest rates of emigration have been registered in the main urban centers of the interior zone of the country: Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Bucaramanga, Pereira, Manizales, and Cúcuta.[ citation needed ]
Until 2002, external migration was primarily to the United States, Venezuela, Spain and Ecuador. [4] As of 2003, the estimated Colombian population in those countries was 2,020,000, 1,340,000, 240,000, and 193,000, respectively. [4] Panama, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom also have significant (>20,000) populations of Colombian emigrants. [4] In 2003, North America was the destination for 48 percent of Colombian emigrants; Hispanic America and the Caribbean, 40 percent; Europe, 11 percent; and Asia, Oceania, and Africa, 1 percent. [3]
The Colombian diaspora refers to the mass movement of Colombian people who emigrated from the country in search of safety, better quality of life and/or get away from government corruption. Many of those who moved were educated middle and upper middle-class Colombians; because of this, the Colombian diaspora can be referred to as a brain drain. Colombian officials state that this movement peaked in the year 2000 and that the most popular destinations for emigration include North America and Europe. In Europe, Spain has the largest Colombian community on the continent, followed by Italy and the United Kingdom.[ citation needed ] Many Colombians are also dispersed throughout the rest of Hispanic America. Mexico, Costa Rica, Peru and Chile received political refugees in the mid-to-late 20th century, and Colombian guest workers in the early 2000s. The Colombian diaspora can also refer to the large wave of Colombian artists who migrated seeking better opportunities and new, more lucrative markets.
Colombian restaurants and bakeries are important institutions for the Colombian diaspora. These eateries have popularized formerly regional dishes like the well-portioned Bandeja paisa, Ajiaco among Colombians from all parts of the country.
Regions with significant populations
| Country | Population | Rank | Population [5] | Rank | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 United States | 2,458,468 [6] | 1 | 753,847 | 2 | For further information see Colombian Americans |
 Venezuela | 721,791 [7] | 2 | 988,483 | 1 | |
 Spain | 513,583 [8] | 3 | 350,802 | 3 | Largest community outside the Americas. See Colombians in Spain |
 Mexico | 36,234 [9] | 4 | 36,234 | 4 | For further information see Colombian Mexicans |
 Chile | 146,582 [10] | 5 | 24,427 | 9 | |
 Canada | 96,325 [11] | 6 | 70,405 | 5 | For further information see Colombian Canadians |
 Panama | 41,885 [12] | 7 | 57,051 | 6 | |
 Ecuador | 77,426 [13] | 8 | 200,539 | 4 | |
 Italy | 40,000 [14] | 9 | 40,000 [14] | 8 | |
 Australia | 35,033 [15] | 10 | 16,247 | 14 | For further information see Colombian Australians |
 Argentina | 13,876 | 12 | 8,963 | 18 | For further information see Colombian Argentines |
 France | 100,000 [16] [17] | 13 | |||
 Sweden | 13,411 [18] | 14 | 13,411 | 12 | Second largest Latin American community after Chileans.[ page needed ] |
 United Kingdom | 12,331 [19] | 15 | 22,703 | 10 | Second largest South American community after Brazilians. See Colombians in the United Kingdom |
 Costa Rica | 11,500 | 16 | 21,400 | 12 | |
 Vietnam | 7,275 [20] | 17 | |||
 Israel | 3,127 [21] | 18 | 2,693 | 25 | |
 Netherlands | 19 | 15,455 | 15 | ||
 Switzerland | 12,394 | 16 | |||
 Brazil | 8,395 | 19 | |||
 Norway | 6,131 | 20 | |||
 Peru | 6,086 | 21 | |||
 Denmark | 3,750 | 22 | |||
 Dominican Republic | 3,687 | 23 | |||
 Bolivia | 3,085 | 24 | |||
 Guinea | 2,548 | 26 | |||
 Japan | 2,471 [22] | 27 | |||
 Haiti | 1,758 | 28 | |||
 Austria | 1,728 | 29 | |||
 Belgium | 1,629 | 30 | |||
 Finland | 1,286 | 31 | |||
 New Zealand | 1,228 | 32 | |||
 Guatemala | 1,202 | 33 | |||
 South Africa | 979 | 34 | |||
 Honduras | 876 | 35 | |||
 Portugal | 655 | 36 | |||
 El Salvador | 580 | 37 | |||
 Poland | 562 [23] | 38 | |||
 Nicaragua | 456 | 39 | |||
 Greece | 391 | 40 | |||
 Hungary | 238 | 41 | |||
 Russia | 206 | 42 | |||
 Bahamas | 201 | 43 | |||
 Iceland | 191 | 44 | |||
 Czech Republic | 165 | 45 | |||
 Cuba | 146 | 46 | |||
 Cyprus | 133 | 47 | |||
 Philippines | 128 | 48 | |||
 Romania | 110 | 49 | |||
 Estonia | 85 [24] | 50 | |||
 Slovakia | 56 | 51 | |||
 Turkey | 54 | 52 | |||
 Egypt | 54 | 53 | |||
 Bulgaria | 49 | 54 | |||
 Slovenia | 43 | 55 | |||
 Croatia | 43 | 56 | |||
 Latvia | 30 [25] | 57 | |||
 Jordan | 24 | 58 | |||
 North Macedonia | 6 | 59 | |||
Colombians living abroad—1.5 million of whom departed during the economic downturn between 1996 and 2002—have had a positive effect on the balance of payments thanks to remittances to family and friends at home. [3] According to Colombian newspaper El Tiempo , the value of remittances from Colombians living abroad is ranked third as the main source of foreign money in Colombia and has already surpassed the value of coffee exports.[ citation needed ]
But external migration to the United States or Europe has represented a definite loss of talent and energy because migrants to the developed world tend to be better educated and in the prime of working life. [3] Some estimates would have roughly half the physicians trained in Colombia during certain years, at great expense to fellow Colombian taxpayers, now working in the United States. [3] Then, too, there are communities (as in Mexico, for example) that have been so drained of young workers that they find themselves dependent on the flow of remittances. [3] Several municipalities in the vicinity of Pereira in western Colombia, hard hit by troubles in the coffee industry and the competition of cheap Asian labor in garment exporting, exemplify the latter phenomenon. [3]
The Colombian government has developed prevention programs against illegal groups that offer emigration help to unsuspecting people, many of whom are eventually forced into slavery, forced prostitution and human trafficking in foreign countries.
As of 1 January 2020, Spain had a total population of 47,431,256, which represents a 0.9% increase since 2019. The modern Kingdom of Spain arose from the accretion of several independent Iberian realms, including the Kingdoms of León, Castile, Navarre, the Crown of Aragon and Granada, all of which, together with the modern state of Portugal, were successor states to the late antique Christian Visigothic Kingdom after the Reconquista.
The Basque diaspora is the name given to describe people of Basque origin living outside their traditional homeland on the borders between Spain and France. Many Basques have left the Basque Country for other parts of the globe for economic and political reasons, with a substantial population in Colombia.
The South African diaspora consists of South African emigrants and their descendants living outside South Africa. The largest concentrations of South African emigrants are to be found in the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States and the United Arab Emirates. At the time of the 2021 United Kingdom census, 217,180 residents of England and Wales were born in South Africa. In Australia, there were 189,207 South African-born people living in the country at the moment of the 2021 Census. The 2021 American Community Survey identified 123,461 South African-born residents of the country.
The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova. The concept does not usually include the ethnic Romanians who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at about 4–12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion respectively exclusion of ethnic Romanians living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on self-identification and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to various ethnic-minorities from Romania. As of 2015/16, over 97% of Romanian emigrants resided in OECD countries; and about 90% of Romanian emigrants in OECD countries lived in Europe, with the most common country of residence being Italy. The vast majority of Romanian emigrants are based in just ten countries, with the most common countries being Italy, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Hungary, France and Canada.
Colombians are people identified with the country of Colombia. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Colombians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Colombian.
Immigration to Spain increased significantly in the beginning of the 21st century. In 1998, immigrants accounted for 1.6% of the population, and by 2009, that number had jumped to above 12% — one of the highest in Europe at the time. Until 2014, the numbers were decreasing due to the economic crisis, but since then, immigration to Spain has increased again since 2015.
Immigration to Colombia during the early 19th and late 20th Century, is what makes it one of the most diverse countries in the world, above other countries in the Latin region. Colombia inherited from the Spanish Empire harsh rules against immigration, first in the Viceroyalty of New Granada and later in the Colombian Republic. The Constituent Assembly of Colombia and the subsequent reforms to the national constitution were much more open to the immigrants and the economic aperture. However naturalization of foreigners, with the exception of those children of Colombians born abroad, it is still difficult to acquire due 'Jus soli' law is not allowed by the government, and only 'Jus sanguinis' law is accepted. Immigration in Colombia is managed by the "Migración Colombia" agency.
Overseas Pakistanis, or the Pakistani diaspora, refers to Pakistanis who live outside of Pakistan. These include citizens that have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Pakistani descent. According to the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad according to December 2017 estimates. According to Ministry of Emigration and Overseas Employment, data released in 2023, states that more than 10.80 Million people moved abroad in last 3 decades years since 1990. beoe.gov.pk
Venezuelans are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.
Romanians in Spain form the second largest group of foreigners in the country, after Moroccans. As of 2022, there were 1,079,726 Romanians in Spain, of whom, 623,097 are Romanian citizens living in Spain. The number of Romanians born in Romania living in Spain was 539,418 in 2022. Most of the immigration took place given economic reasons. The linguistic similarities between Romanian and Spanish, as well as Romanians' Latin identity, are also a reason for the country's attractiveness to Romanians.
Iranians in Spain have a history going back for over a millennium and form a minor population in modern day. They are a part of the Iranian diaspora.
This is a demography of the population of Colombia including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. It is the second-most populous country in South America after Brazil.
Mexican immigration to Spain refers to the Mexican population in Spain and their Spanish-born descendants. The Mexicans living in Spain are composed primarily of students, skilled professionals, spouses of Spaniards, as well as Mexican citizens who also have Spanish nationality. In December 2008, the National Statistics Institute in Spain had 14,399 registered Mexicans within its territory, of which 7,210 hold other nationalities of the European Union or are family members of EU citizens. To this number must be added those with dual nationality, who are not in Spanish records as foreigners. Mexican and Spanish laws allow dual citizenship, and many Mexicans who have asked for it, whether they are residents in Spain as grandchildren or they are children of Spanish migrants to Mexico. In 2010, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico recorded 21,107 Mexicans living in Spain, who became the third largest Mexican community residing abroad, after the United States and Canada; and the largest Mexican community in Europe. However, they are the least numerous Latin community in Spain.
Venezuelans form one of the main immigrant groups in Spain, which is also the European country to which most Venezuelans choose to migrate because of shared language, customs and family ties. Similarly to nationals from other countries of Ibero-America, Venezuelans of origin are allowed to apply for dual Spanish citizenship after two years of legal residence in Spain. In addition, Venezuelans who are children or grandchildren of Spanish citizens can legally obtain Spanish citizenship from their countries of origin, an option open to over 3 million Venezuelans.
Argentines in Spain are the largest community of Argentines abroad. In Spain, they represent one of the largest immigrant groups in the country.
The presence of a sizeable Ecuadorian in Spain community in Spain dates back to the early 2000s.
The presence of Colombians in Spain dates back to Colombian independence from Spain.
At the 2011 census, the number of immigrants in Costa Rica totaled about 390,000 individuals, or about 9% of the country's population. Following a considerable drop from 1950 through 1980, immigration to Costa Rica has increased in recent decades.
Latin American migration to Europe is the diaspora of Latin Americans to the continent of Europe, dating back to the first decades of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas. Latin Americans in Europe are now a rapidly growing group consisting of immigrants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. It may also include individuals from certain French-speaking territories depending on the definition of Latin America used.
Italian Spaniards are Spanish-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Spain during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Spain.
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