Demographics of French Guiana

Last updated

Historical population estimates and average annual growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
179014,520—    
183920,940+0.75%
185725,561+1.11%
189133,500+0.80%
Source: INSEE estimates
Census population and average annual growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
193637,005—    
194625,499−3.66%
195427,863+1.11%
196133,505+2.67%
196744,392+4.80%
197455,125+3.14%
198273,022+3.58%
1990114,678+5.80%
1999156,790+3.54%
2007213,031+3.91%
2012239,648+2.38%
2017268,700+2.31%
Source: SPLAF (1954-1961) [1] and INSEE (1967-2017) [2]

The Demographics of French Guiana are characterized by a young population with 44% below the age of 20 as of 2017. The total population stood at 268,700 as of January 1, 2017. The demographic profile is a reflection of the territory's high fertility rates. Regarding nationality, as of 2010, 64.5% of the population had French nationality, while 35.5% were of foreign nationality with significant communities from Suriname, Haiti, and Brazil among others.

Contents

Population

According to INSEE the population of French Guiana was 268,700 as of January 1, 2017. [2] The population is very young: 44% are below the age of 20, while only 1.7% are 75 years or older. The age distribution is a reflection of the high fertility rates of French Guiana.

Nationality

On January 1, 2010, 64.5% of the population had French nationality, while 35.5% had a foreign nationality. [3] Of these, Surinamese (13.8% of the total population), Haitians (8.8%) and Brazilians (8.7%) were the largest groups. Smaller groups included people with nationality of Guyana (1.7%), Colombia (1.0%), China (0.5%), the Dominican Republic (0.4%) and Peru (0.2%).

Vital statistics

The total fertility rate in French Guiana has remained high and is today considerably higher than in metropolitan France, and also higher than the average of the French overseas departments. It is largely responsible for the high population growth of French Guiana. [4] [5]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rate
193624,000355554-19914.823.1-8.3
193724,000408487-7917.020.3-3.3
193824,000381649-26815.927.0-11.2
193924,000333499-16613.920.8-6.9
194024,000436505-6918.221.0-2.9
194124,000437626-18918.226.1-7.9
194224,000453733-28018.930.5-11.7
194324,000422702-28017.629.3-11.7
194424,000474627-15319.826.1-6.4
194524,0006205398125.822.53.4
194624,000515596-8121.524.8-3.4
194724,000539623-8422.526.0-3.5
194825,000529547-1821.221.9-0.7
194925,00060747113624.318.85.4
195025,00059038420623.615.48.2
195126,00055838317521.514.76.7
195227,00078146231930.017.812.3
195327,00072042629426.715.810.9
195428,00090037852232.113.518.6
195529,00094137756432.613.019.5
195629,00094941153832.113.918.2
195730,00099342656733.014.218.8
195831,00094040453630.913.317.6
195931,0001,04346058334.115.019.1
196032,0001,02645157531.413.817.6
196134,0001,06648757931.814.517.3
196235,0001,04141063130.111.818.2
196336,0001,11844667231.112.418.7
196438,0001,21339981432.010.521.5
196539,0001,16140375829.010.119.0
196641,0001,24440184329.59.520.0
196743,0001,28137690529.28.620.6
196845,0001,39040898230.48.921.5
196947,0001,42443199330.09.120.9
197049,0001,5843851,19932.27.824.4
197150,0001,6004001,20031.47.823.5
197252,0001,6703991,27131.77.624.1
197354,0001,4734181,05527.17.719.4
197455,0001,5294351,09427.47.819.6
197557,0001,4764081,06825.67.118.5
197659,0001,4394151,02424.27.017.2
197761,0001,4764631,01324.07.516.4
197863,0001,5684701,09824.57.417.2
197965,0001,7044541,25025.76.918.9
198068,0001,9334681,46528.16.821.3
198171,0002,0924281,66429.36.023.3
198274,0002,3794921,88731.66.525.1
198378,0002,3144891,82528.96.122.8
198483,0002,3194911,82827.35.821.5
198587,0002,4825011,98127.65.622.0
198693,0002,3924911,90125.25.220.0
198799,0002,7005502,15027.25.621.7
1988105,0003,0005502,45028.55.223.2
1989111,0003,3005502,75029.64.924.7
1990113,3513,6065943,01230.85.125.7
1991117,3273,9225833,33932.24.827.4
1992121,4694,0455683,47732.04.527.5
1993125,7864,1135783,53531.54.427.1
1994130,2824,1886183,57031.54.626.8
1995134,9684,2645403,67130.73.926.8
1996139,8484,3315563,77530.43.826.6
1997144,9374,4265983,82830.13.826.3
1998150,2424,6966074,08930.64.026.63.83
1999155,7604,9076484,25930.94.126.83.87
2000162,0185,1496354,51431.23.827.43.94
2001168,6145,1406604,48029.93.926.03.79
2002176,6385,2766694,60729.43.725.73.73
2003184,7925,5537214,83229.73.925.83.77
2004193,1675,3127194,59327.33.723.63.47
2005199,2065,9987055,29329.73.526.23.79
2006205,9546,2767115,56530.13.426.73.80
2007213,0316,3866905,69629.83.226.63.74
2008219,2666,2477625,48528.43.524.93.57
2009224,4696,1716995,47227.43.124.33.50
2010229,0406,0827735,30926.33.323.03.37
2011237,5496,2597145,54526.43.023.43.42
2012239,6486,6097895,82027.23.224.03.60
2013244,1186,4747675,70726.13.123.03.47
2014252,3386,5917865,80525.93.122.83.44
2015259,8656,8068345,97226.23.223.03.44
2016269,3527,2709016,36926.93.323.63.61
2017268,7008,0579647,09329.63.526.13.92
2018276,1287,9958997,09628.73.225.53.82
2019281,6788,1041,0207,08428.63.625.03.82
2020285,1337,9929907,00228.03.524.53.75
2021286,6188,1271,3656,76228.24.723.53.78
2022289,8767,7181,2106,50826.54.222.33.55
2023292,8927,68024.84.020.83.32
2024295,385

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.01.2010) (Provisional) : [6]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total113 824116 617230 441100
0-414 59113 84928 44012.34
5-914 09013 61827 70812.02
10-1412 84312 02424 86710.79
15-1910 72910 67221 4019.29
20-247 7288 47816 2067.03
25-297 2819 10916 3907.11
30-347 6928 67616 3687.10
35-397 8778 86516 7427.27
40-447 4157 65015 0656.54
45-496 6986 58213 2805.76
50-545 3975 14810 5454.58
55-594 2074 1078 3143.61
60-642 9312 6845 6152.44
65-691 7401 6933 4331.49
70-741 0831 2602 3431.02
75-797529741 7260.75
80-844336191 0520.46
85-892254026270.27
90-94771442210.10
95+3563980.04
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-1441 52439 49181 01535.16
15-6467 95571 971139 92660.72
65+4 3455 1559 5004.12
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2015): [7]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total128 973130 892259 865100
0–414 80014 16128 96111.14
5–915 05014 51229 56311.38
10–1414 15114 08528 23710.87
15–1912 15811 78423 9419.21
20–248 9609 56918 5297.13
25–298 6749 89018 5637.14
30–349 2309 84619 0777.34
35–399 0689 32618 3947.08
40–448 7018 94917 6506.79
45–497 3577 35914 7155.66
50–546 0426 09112 1334.67
55–595 0104 9419 9513.83
60–643 9593 7907 7492.98
65-692 5742 4645 0381.94
70-741 4961 5703 0661.18
75-798609991 8590.72
80-844797581 2370.48
85-892574667230.28
90-941022543560.14
95-9932681000.04
100+1310230.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1444 00142 75886 75933.39
15–6479 15981 545160 70461.84
65+5 8136 58912 4024.77
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): [7]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total140 463150 065290 528100
0–415 21015 35530 56510.52
5–915 25315 36830 62110.54
10–1415 26515 00630 27110.42
15–1913 69713 89927 5969.50
20–2410 40210 90121 3037.33
25–298 36710 34518 7126.44
30–349 11911 05120 1706.94
35–399 17010 90920 0796.91
40–448 8849 65018 5346.38
45–497 8918 78716 6785.74
50–547 2117 41214 6235.03
55–596 1076 37212 4794.30
60–645 0095 16510 1743.50
65-693 7143 7057 4192.55
70-742 4402 5454 9851.72
75-791 3941 5592 9531.02
80-847441 0121 7560.60
85-893975399360.32
90-941182974150.14
95-99421421840.06
100+2946750.03
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1445 72845 72991 45731.48
15–6485 85794 491180 34862.08
65+8 8789 84518 7236.44

Infant mortality rate

The infant mortality in French Guiana is higher than in metropolitan France: [8]

Life expectancy

At birth, life expectancy is 76.2 years for male children, and 82.8 for female (figures for 2011). [9]

Ethnic groups

Estimates of the percentages of French Guiana ethnic composition vary, a situation compounded by the large proportion of immigrants.

Creoles, or Mulattoes (people of mixed African and French ancestry), are the largest ethnic group, though estimates vary as to the exact percentage, depending upon whether the large Haitian community is included as well. Generally the Creole population is judged to be about 60 to 70% of the total population if Haitians (comprising roughly one-third of Creoles) are included, and 30 to 50% without.

Roughly 41,000 people or 14% of the population of French Guiana is of European ancestry. The vast majority of these are of French heritage, though there are also people of Dutch, British, Spanish and Portuguese ancestry.

The main Asian communities are the Chinese (about 3-4%, primarily from Zhejiang province in mainland China and Hong Kong) and Hmong [10] from Laos (1-2%). There are also smaller groups from various Caribbean islands, mainly Saint Lucia as well as Dominica. Other Asian groups include East Indians, Lebanese and Vietnamese.

The main groups living in the interior are the Maroons (formerly called "Bush Negroes") who are from African descent, and Amerindians. The Maroons, descendants of escaped African slaves, live primarily along the Maroni River. The main Maroon groups are the Saramaka, Ndyuka (both of whom also live in Suriname), and Boni (Aluku). [10] The Maroons are the fastest growing ethnic group, and as of 2018 constitute about one-third of the total population with an estimated population of close to 100,000 people. [11]

The main Amerindian groups (estimated population about 10,000 [10] ) are the Arawak, Carib, Teko (previously called Emerillon), Galibi (now called the Kaliña), Palikur, Wayampi and Wayana. The estimated population for the beginning of the 17th century was 30,000 people. [12] Until the middle of the 20th century, there was a sharp decline in population to almost 1,200 people [13] in 1961 which was mainly caused by European diseases. Improved health care managed to turn the tide. [12]

Languages

French and French Guianese Creole are the most widely spoken languages. There are also several native languages, including Arawakan (Arawak and Palikúr), Cariban (Carib and Wayana), and Tupi-Guarani (Emerillon and Wayampi) languages. [14] Other languages spoken include Hakka Chinese and Javanese. [14] The official language, like for all overseas departments and territories of France, is French.

Religion

Religion in French Guiana (ARDA 2015) [15]

   Catholic Church (74.3%)
  Protestant (9.9%)
   Christian syncretic (3.5%)
   Chinese folk religion (2.9%)
   Hinduism (1.6%)
  Other religion (4.4%)
   No religion (3.4%)

The dominant religion of French Guiana is Roman Catholicism; some of the Maroons and Amerindian people maintain their own religions, however large tribes like the Kalina, Ndyuka have been Christianized. [16]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Saint Lucia</span> Demographics of Saint Lucia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Suriname</span> Demographics of country

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluku</span> Maroon nation in French Guiana and Suriname

The Aluku are a Bushinengue ethnic group living mainly on the riverbank in Maripasoula in southwest French Guiana. The group are sometimes called Boni, referring to the 18th-century leader, Bokilifu Boni.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</span> Subprefecture and commune in French Guiana, France

Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is one of the three sub-prefectures of French Guiana and the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. It is the second most populous city of French Guiana, with 50,250 inhabitants at the January 2021 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint-Georges, French Guiana</span> Commune in French Guiana, France

Saint-Georges is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. It lies on the Oyapock River, opposite the Brazilian town of Oiapoque. The town contains a town hall, a French Foreign Legion detachment, and some hotels. Saint-Georges has been one of the three sub-prefectures of French Guiana and the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Georges since October 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camopi</span> Commune in French Guiana, France

Camopi is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. Camopi is mainly inhabited by Amerindians of the Wayampi and Teko tribes.

Emerillon is a language belonging to the Tupi–Guarani family, one of the most heavily researched language families in Amazonia. The languages related most closely to Emerillon are Wayampípukú, Wayampí, and Jo’é.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matoury</span> Commune in French Guiana, France

Matoury is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mana, French Guiana</span> Commune in French Guiana, France

Mana is a commune and town in French Guiana. It was founded on 16 August 1828 by Sister Anne-Marie Javouhey. It borders the river Mana, from where it gets its name; and is nearby the river Maroni. Mana is the primary producer of rice in French Guiana, which it exports to Suriname.

Akouménaye was an Amerindian village of the Wayampi tribe in southeast French Guiana, close to the border with Brazil. The village was established in 1946 near Alicoto by the villagers of Tacouné. In 1949, the village had 8 inhabitants. The village chief was Paul Ilpe Alassouka. In 1960, the village was abandoned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teko people</span> Ethnolinguistic group native to French Guiana

The Teko are a Tupi–Guarani-speaking people in French Guiana living on the banks of the Camopi and Tampok rivers. Their subsistence is based on horticulture, hunting and various fishing techniques. As of 2010 they numbered about 410 individuals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayampi</span> Ethnic group in French Guiana and Brazil

Wayampi or Wayãpi are an indigenous people located in the south-eastern border area of French Guiana at the confluence of the rivers Camopi and Oyapock, and the basins of the Amapari and Carapanatuba Rivers in the central part of the states of Amapá and Pará in Brazil. The number of Wayampi is approximately 2,171 individuals. Approximately 950 live in French Guiana in two main settlements surrounded by little hamlets, and 1,221 live in Brazil in 49 villages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French Guiana</span> Overseas department and region of France in South America

French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies. Bordered by Suriname to the west and Brazil to the east and south, French Guiana covers a total area of 84,000 km2 (32,000 sq mi) and a land area of 83,534 km2 (32,253 sq mi), and is inhabited by 295,385 people.

Wayãpi or Wayampi is a Tupi–Guarani language spoken by the Wayãpi people. It is spoken in French Guiana and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surinamese Maroons</span> Ethnic group of enslaved African origin

Surinamese Maroons are the descendants of enslaved Africans that escaped from the plantations and settled in the inland of Suriname. The Surinamese Maroon culture is one of the best-preserved pieces of cultural heritage outside of Africa. Colonial warfare, land grabs, natural disasters and migration have marked Maroon history. In Suriname six Maroon groups — or tribes — can be distinguished from each other.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granman</span> Paramount chiefs of Maroon nations in Suriname

Granman is the title of the paramount chief of a Maroon nation in Suriname and French Guiana. The Ndyuka, Saramaka, Matawai, Aluku, Paramaka and Kwinti nations all have a granman. The paramount chiefs of Amerindian peoples in Suriname are nowadays also often called “granman”.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trois Sauts</span> Cluster of villages in French Guiana, France

Trois Sauts or Ɨtu wasu is a cluster of four Amerindian Wayampi and Teko villages on the Oyapock River in French Guiana near the border with Brazil. Trois Sauts contains the villages of Roger, Zidock, Yawapa, and Pina.

Kumenê is a Palikur Amerindian village in the Brazilian municipality of Oiapoque, Amapá. It is the largest village of the tribe. Kumenê is located on the Urucaua River in the Uaçá Indigenous Territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karipuna do Amapá</span> Ethnic group

The Karipuna do Amapá are an indigenous people located in the riverine areas of the Brazilian state of Amapá, particularly around the Caripi River. In 2014, the population was estimated at 2,922 people.

References

  1. ↑ Historique de la Guyane, SPLAF
  2. 1 2 Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  3. ↑ "Résultats de la recherche". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  4. ↑ "TABLEAU P3D – INDICATEURS GÉNÉRAUX DE LA POPULATION PAR DÉPARTEMENT ET RÉGION". Insee.fr (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-09.
  5. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  6. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  7. 1 2 "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  8. ↑ "Résultats de la recherche - Insee". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  9. ↑ "Résultats de la recherche - Insee". Insee.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 "Une population métissée". Guyane Amazonie (in French). 16 February 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  11. ↑ Price, Richard (2018). "Maroons in Guyane". New West Indian Guide. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids Volume 92: Issue 3-4. 92 (3–4). Brill Publishers: 275–283. doi: 10.1163/22134360-09203001 . S2CID   134482919 . Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  12. 1 2 Françoise Grenand and Pierre Grenand (1976). "Les amérindiens de Guyane française aujourd'hui : éléments de compréhension". Persée. Journal de la société des américanistes (in French). 66 (1): 363-364. doi:10.3406/jsa.1979.3041.
  13. ↑ Michotte Jean. Un pays sous-développé sous-peuplé : l'exemple de la Guyane. Institution française publique de recherche (Thesis) (in French). Université de Bordeaux. p. 57. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  14. 1 2 "French Guiana". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  15. ↑ "French Guiana". Association of Religion Data Archives. 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  16. ↑ "French Guiana" . Retrieved 5 August 2020.
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