Demographics of Guatemala

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Demographics of Guatemala
Guatemala single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Guatemala in 2020
Population18,255,216 (2024 est.) [1]
Growth rate1.58% (2022 est.)
Birth rate19.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate4.91 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy72.91 years
  male70.88 years
  female75.04 years
Fertility rate2.20 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate26.18 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years32.74%
15–64 years61.95%
65 and over5.31%
Sex ratio
Total0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Under 151.04 male(s)/female
65 and over0.68 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Guatemalan
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
Official Spanish
Spoken Languages of Guatemala

This is a demography of the population of Guatemala including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

According to the 2018 census, 43.56% of the population is Indigenous including 41.66% Mayan, 1.77% Xinca, and 0.13% Garifuna (Mixed African and indigenous). [3] Approximately 56% of the population is "non-Indigenous", [3] referring to the Mestizo population (people of mixed European and indigenous descent) and the people of European origin. These people are called Ladino in Guatemala. The population is divided almost evenly between rural and urban areas. [4]

About 65% of the population speak Spanish, with nearly all the rest speaking indigenous languages (there are 23 officially recognized indigenous languages). [5]

Population census
YearPop.±%
1778 396,149    
1880 1,224,602+209.1%
1893 1,364,678+11.4%
1921 2,004,900+46.9%
1940 2,400,000+19.7%
1950 2,790,868+16.3%
1964 4,287,997+53.6%
1973 5,160,221+20.3%
1981 6,054,227+17.3%
1994 8,331,874+37.6%
2002 11,237,196+34.9%
2018 14,901,286+32.6%
Source: [6] [7]

Population size and structure

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [8] [9] the total population estimate was 17,608,483 in 2021. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 54.1% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, and 4.4% were aged 65 years or older. [10]

Guatemala City is home to almost 3 million inhabitants. [11] In 1900 Guatemala had a population of 1,885,000. [12] Over the 21st century Guatemala's population grew by a factor of fourteen. Even though Guatemala's population grew by a factor of 14, it still wasn't the biggest jump in that region. [13] Although Guatemala does have an increase in population, the annual population isn't the superior in that region of the world as well. [13]

Total population
(x 1000)
Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)
Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)
Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
19503 14644.652.92.5
19553 61945.452.02.6
19604 14145.851.62.7
19654 73645.252.02.8
19705 41644.652.52.9
19756 19444.852.32.9
19807 00145.451.63.0
19857 92045.751.23.1
19908 89045.451.33.4
19959 98444.951.43.7
200011 65143.752.34.0
200513 09642.353.64.2
201014 63039.456.34.3
201516 25236.259.34.5
202017 91633.361.65.0


Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2005): [14]
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total6 197 3996 502 38112 699 780100
0–41 035 5491 000 7632 036 31216.03
5–9921 924901 7181 823 64214.36
10–14815 791808 3281 624 11912.79
15–19685 359694 2151 379 57410.86
20–24571 385608 8791 180 2649.29
25–29446 309506 386952 6957.50
30–34340 378412 767753 1455.93
35–39270 907329 253600 1604.73
40–44225 243267 504492 7473.88
45–49191 635218 053409 6883.23
50–54175 311191 751367 0622.89
55–59149 593161 320310 9132.45
60–64113 686119 957233 6431.84
65–6994 12898 864192 9921.52
70–7474 46381 804156 2671.23
75–7950 34057 089107 4290.85
80+35 39843 73079 1280.62
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–142 773 2642 710 8095 484 07343.18
15–643 169 8063 510 0856 679 89152.60
65+254 329281 487535 8164.22
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2010) (Projections based on the 2002 Population Census.):
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total7 003 3377 358 32814 361 666100
0–41 103 5211 062 2242 165 74515.08
5–91 017 180987 4902 004 67013.96
10–14906 603891 6591 798 26212.52
15–19794 459795 6881 590 14711.07
20–24646 911675 2141 322 1259.21
25–29538 214590 7461 128 9607.86
30–34418 535494 657913 1926.36
35–39323 010402 681725 6915.05
40–44258 454321 849580 3034.04
45–49215 304260 145475 4493.31
50–54182 662211 040393 7022.74
55–59165 910184 214350 1242.44
60–64139 395152 936292 3312.04
65–69103 433111 058214 4911.49
70–7481 80988 219170 0281.18
75–7960 25768 733128 9900.90
80+47 67859 778107 4560.75
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–143 027 3042 941 3735 968 67741.56
15–643 682 8564 089 1677 772 02354.12
65+293 177327 788620 9654.32
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2015) (Projections based on the 2002 Population Census.): [15]
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total7 903 6648 272 46916 176 133100
0–41 153 2971 109 2172 262 51413.99
5–91 090 2941 052 0142 142 30813.24
10–141 008 018980 5231 988 54112.29
15–19893 687882 6651 776 35210.98
20–24771 615781 8351 553 4509.60
25–29624 841661 7981 286 6397.95
30–34517 919581 1201 099 0396.79
35–39403 769485 904889 6735.50
40–44311 703395 488707 1914.37
45–49248 840314 591563 4313.48
50–54206 306253 126459 4322.84
55–59173 501203 741377 2422.33
60–64155 222175 581330 8032.05
65+344 652394 866739 5184.57
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
0–143 251 6093 141 7546 393 36339.52
15–644 307 4034 735 8499 043 25255.90
65+344 652394 866739 5184.57
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Source: National Institute of Statistics with the support of Population Division of ECLAC, 2019.): [16]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total8 297 7638 560 57016 858 333100
0–4964 534923 4391 887 97311.20
5–9942 751904 7251 847 47610.96
10–14908 851875 6151 784 46610.59
15–19902 462876 9011 779 36310.55
20–24856 396847 9451 704 34110.11
25–29758 833769 1621 527 9959.06
30–34639 958666 4811 306 4397.75
35–39516 111558 7031 074 8146.38
40–44418 920475 152894 0725.30
45–49335 429396 737732 1664.34
50–54264 478316 929581 4073.45
55–59210 286256 500466 7862.77
60–64169 897206 911376 8082.24
65–69135 380163 324298 7041.77
70–74106 158124 792230 9501.37
75–7976 78488 274165 0580.98
80–8448 60356 589105 1920.62
85–8926 35531 86658 2210.35
90–9411 37614 39225 7680.15
95–993 4064 5958 0010.05
100+7951 5382 3330.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–142 816 1362 703 7795 519 91532.74
15–645 072 7705 371 42110 444 19161.95
65+408 857485 370894 2275.30


Population by departments

In Guatemala, there are 22 departments that make up the country. Each department has its own population, with Guatemala Department ranking at 1 with the highest population and El Progreso Department ranking at 22 with the lowest population. [17]

Rank Department Pop.Rank Department Pop.
1 Guatemala Department 3,306,39712 Jutiapa 489,085
2 Huehuetenango 1,234,59313 Izabal 445,125
3 Alta Verapaz 1,219,58514 Chiquimula 397,202
4 San Marcos 1,095,99715 Santa Rosa 367,569
5 Quiché 955,70516 Jalapa 345,926
6 Quetzaltenango 844,90617 Sacatepéquez 336,606
7 Escuintla 746,30918 Retalhuleu 325,556
8 Petén 711,58519 Baja Verapaz 291,903
9 Chimaltenango 666,93820 Zacapa 291,903
10 Suchitepéquez 555,26121 Totonicapán 134,373
11 Sololá 430,57322 El Progreso 22,654
Overall Total: 15,806,675 (2014)
Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE) [18]

According to the table, Guatemala Department accounts for 20% of the entire population in Guatemala, while El Progreso only accounts for 0.14% of the population. Sololá accounts for 2.7% of the population while ranking in the middle at 11. Overall, the rankings correlate to the percent of the population that each department contains.


Vital statistics

Registered births and deaths

[19] [20]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1,000)Death rate (per 1,000)Natural change (per 1,000)Crude migration change (per 1,000)Fertility rate
19301,760,000100,00043,50056,50056.824.732.1
19311,810,00099,00044,00055,00054.724.330.4-2.8
19321,860,00093,60043,90049,70050.323.626.70.2
19331,910,00090,70052,10038,60047.527.320.26.1
19341,940,00092,20560,05132,15447.531.016.6-1.1
19351,980,00096,03154,78941,24248.527.720.8-0.6
19362,020,00097,64650,60447,04248.325.123.3-3.6
19372,070,00096,98151,02745,95446.924.722.22.0
19382,110,00098,90656,13142,77546.926.620.3-1.3
19392,150,000102,90864,11738,79147.929.818.00.6
19402,200,000106,99855,08351,91548.625.023.6-0.9
19412,250,000103,68856,44447,24446.125.121.01.3
19422,300,000107,51972,47735,04246.731.515.26.6
19432,340,000112,40772,83739,57048.031.116.90.2
19442,390,000111,32463,06848,25646.626.420.20.7
19452,440,000118,91259,73259,18048.724.524.3-3.8
19462,500,000120,52561,64158,88448.224.723.60.5
19472,570,000134,06663,31670,75052.224.627.5-0.3
19482,641,000137,00962,09074,91951.923.528.4-1.5
19492,724,000140,59659,27781,31951.621.829.90.6
19503,146,000142,67361,23481,43948.120.627.4
19513,238,000151,41656,55094,86649.618.531.1-0.9
19523,331,000151,86571,99479,87148.322.925.44.1
19533,426,000156,37770,79485,58348.321.926.42.8
19543,521,000162,77358,132104,64148.917.431.4-2.8
19553,619,000158,85667,08891,76846.319.626.71.8
19563,719,000163,30166,28097,02146.218.827.50.8
19573,820,000170,38170,93399,44846.919.527.40.4
19583,924,000172,74575,63497,11146.220.226.01.8
19594,031,000181,74063,010118,73047.216.430.8
19604,141,000186,47665,805120,67147.116.630.4-2.6
19614,253,000193,83363,287130,54647.515.532.0-4.5
19624,369,000191,42069,287122,13345.616.529.1-1.4
19634,488,000197,67171,449126,22245.816.629.2-1.7
19644,610,000196,38668,278128,10844.215.428.9-1.4
19654,736,000201,05974,830126,22944.016.427.60
19664,864,000206,52075,774130,74644.016.127.8-0.6
19674,996,000201,81671,191130,62541.814.827.10.3
19685,132,000211,67979,421132,25842.716.026.70.7
19695,271,000215,39785,174130,22342.216.725.51.7
19705,416,000212,15177,333134,81840.514.725.71.9
19715,565,000229,67475,223154,45142.614.028.6-1.0
19725,719,000241,59367,989173,60443.612.331.3-3.5
19735,877,000238,49869,454169,04441.812.229.6-1.9
19746,036,000252,20369,820182,38343.011.931.1-4.0
19756,194,000249,33278,708170,62441.413.128.4-2.1
19766,352,000266,72881,627185,10143.213.230.0-4.4
19776,510,000284,74771,777212,97045.011.333.6
19786,669,000286,41566,844219,57144.110.333.8-9.3
19796,832,000295,97272,274223,69844.510.933.6-9.1
19807,001,000303,64371,352232,29144.510.534.1-9.3
19817,177,000308,41375,658232,75544.110.833.3-8.1
19827,358,000312,04776,267235,78043.510.632.9
19837,543,000306,82774,462232,36541.710.131.6-6.4
19847,731,000312,09475,462236,63241.310.031.4-6.4
19857,920,000326,84969,455257,39442.29.033.3-8.8
19868,109,000318,34066,328252,01240.18.431.8-8.0
19878,299,000319,94266,404253,53839.48.231.2-7.8
19888,492,000337,39664,100273,29640.57.732.8-9.7
19898,688,000340,80761,548279,25939.97.232.7-9.8
19908,890,000347,20773,344273,86339.78.431.3-8.3
19919,099,000359,90472,896287,00839.68.031.5-8.8
19929,313,000363,64873,124290,52439.07.931.2-8.4
19939,533,000370,13873,870296,26838.87.731.1-8.2
19949,756,000381,49774,761306,73639.17.731.4-8.8
19959,984,000371,09165,159305,93237.26.530.6-8.0
199610,215,000377,72360,618317,10537.05.931.0-8.6
199710,450,000387,86267,691320,17137.16.530.6-8.3
199810,691,000400,13369,847330,28637.46.530.9-8.5
199910,942,000409,03465,139343,89537.46.031.4-8.7
200011,204,000425,41067,284358,12638.06.032.0-8.8
200111,479,000415,33868,041347,29736.25.930.3-6.5
200211,766,000387,28766,089321,19832.95.627.3-3.0
200312,063,000375,09266,695308,39731.15.525.6-1.0
200412,368,000383,70466,991316,71331.05.425.6-1.0
200512,679,000374,06671,039303,02729.55.623.90.63.80
200612,995,000368,39969,756298,64328.35.422.91.43.62
200713,318,000366,12870,030296,09827.45.222.22.13.46
200813,678,000369,76970,233299,53627.05.121.94.53.39
200914,000,190351,62871,707279,92125.15.120.03.13.12
201014,259,687361,90672,748289,15825.45.120.3-2.13.09
201114,521,515373,69272,354301,33825.75.020.7-2.83.09
201214,781,942388,61372,657315,95626.34.821.5-3.83.10
201315,043,981387,34276,639310,70325.75.120.6-3.33.05
201415,306,316386,19577,807308,38825.25.120.1-3.13.05
201515,567,419391,42580,876310,54925.15.219.9-3.22.90
201615,827,690390,38282,585307,79724.75.219.5-3.12.80
201716,087,418381,66481,726299,93823.75.118.6-2.52.66
201816,346,950 (C)383,26383,071300,19223.45.118.3-2.52.62
201916,604,026366,85585,600281,25522.15.216.9-1.52.46
202016,858,333341,21296,001245,21120.25.714.50.52.27
202117,109,746345,149118,465226,68420.26.813.41.52.26
202217,357,886345,86995,386250,48319.95.514.4-0.12.24
202317,602,431342,69495,948246,74319.55.514.02.20

(C) = Census results.

Current vital statistics

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January – March 202379,93522,791+57,144
January – March 202468,39123,279+45,112
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -11,544(-14.4%)Decrease Positive.svg +488 (+2.1%)Decrease2.svg -12,032

Demographic and Health Surveys

Total fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and crude birth rate (CBR): [21] [22]

YearCBR (total)TFR (total)CBR (urban)TFR (urban)CBR (rural)TFR (rural)
19875.6 (4.9)4.1 (3.5)6.5 (5.8)
19955.1 (4.0)3.8 (3.0)6.2 (4.8)
1998–9938.05.0 (4.1)34.84.1 (3.4)40.15.8 (4.6)
20024.43.45.2
2008–093.62.94.2
2014–1527.33.1 (2.6)22.52.5 (2.0)31.03.7 (3.0)

Marriage and childbearing

The legal age for females to get married in Guatemala was 14, but was raised to 16 with parental consent and 18 without in November 2015. This phenomenon, known as child marriage, is prevalent in Central America; in rural areas of Guatemala, 53% of 20 to 24-year-old women married before their 18th birthday. Once married, young girls are likely to abandon their education and are exposed to domestic and sexual violence. They are no longer seen as girls; their husbands, who are often older men, see them as servants. Frequently births are at home. Most of these women are isolated without networks of support. [23]

In most cases, motherhood comes after marriage. However, due to the fact that these young women' bodies are not entirely developed, many pregnancies result in high complications and high risks for both the mother and baby, during and after labor. [23] Because there is limited access to health services, women in Guatemala choose a different alternative when it comes to the care during and after child delivery. Pregnancies before marriage are on the rise and unmarried women make their decision based on their image more than their safety. [24] Single Guatemalan women may choose midwives as their health care provider during pregnancy and delivery to avoid feeling ashamed. [24] Other women know the midwives in the community personally so they opt for a private healthcare provider. [24] Throughout the country, midwives are known as the providers of choice for approximately 80% of the births even though they are not professionally trained. [24] This contributes to the increasing infant mortality rate of 100 per 1,000 births as reported in some Guatemalan communities. [24]

Ethnic groups

Ethnicity in Guatemala (2018) [2]

   Ladino (Mestizo) (56.01%)
   Maya (41.66%)
   Xinca (1.77%)
   Sub-Saharan (0.19%)
   Garifuna (Zambo) (0.13%)
  Others (0.24%)
Indigenous girls in Chichicastenango Chichicastenango-004.jpg
Indigenous girls in Chichicastenango

Official 2018 statistics indicate that approximately 56% of the population is "non-Indigenous", [3] referring to the Mestizo population of mixed indigenous and European origins (50-52%) and the people of European origin (14-26%), Most are of Spanish, German and Italian descent. These people are called Ladino in Guatemala. Genetic testing indicates that Guatemalan Mestizos are of predominantly indigenous ancestry, although they have a high level of European ancestry as well. [25]

Approximately 43.4% of the population is Indigenous [4] and consist of 23 Maya groups and one non-Maya group. In 2012 these are divided as follows: K'iche 9.1%, 8.4% Kaqchikel, Mam 7.9%, 6.3% Q'eqchi', other Maya peoples 8.6%, 0.2% Indigenous non-Maya. [5] They live all over the country, especially in the highlands. While the official censuses usually count around 40% of the Guatemalan population being indigenous, this percentage is actually much higher, with around 60% of Guatemalans being indigenous. [26]

Garifuna children in Livingston, Izabal. Presidente Bernardo Arevalo firma agenda de trabajo en Livingston, Izabal.jpg
Garifuna children in Livingston, Izabal.

In 2002 Census, The Amerindian populations in Guatemala include the K'iche' 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9% and Q'eqchi 6.3%. 8.6% belongs to other Maya groups, 0.4% belong to non-Maya Indigenous peoples. The whole Indigenous community in Guatemala is about 40.5% of the population.

The Maya Civilization ruled Guatemala and the surrounding regions until around 1521 A.D. Following 1521 A.D., Guatemala became a Spanish colony for approximately three centuries, until in 1821 when Guatemala won its independence. Since the independence of Guatemala, the country has experienced a wide range of governments, including civilian and military governments. In 1996, a peace treaty was signed by the government that ended internal conflicts within the region, which caused over 200,000 casualties and approximately one million refugees. [27]

Guatemalan child in Guatemala City celebrating Independence Day. 194-aos-de-independencia 21415760752 o.jpg
Guatemalan child in Guatemala City celebrating Independence Day.

The ethnic population in the Kingdom of Guatemala, at the time of Independence, amounted to nearly 600,000 Indians, 300,000 Castas (mostly Mestizos and a lesser number of Mulattos, Zambos, and Pardos), and 45,000 Criollos or Spaniards, with a very small number of English traders. [28]

Other racial groups include numbers of Afro-Guatemalans, Afro-Mestizos, and Garifuna of mixed African and Indigenous Caribbean origins who live in the country's eastern end. Some Garifunas live mainly in Livingston, San Vicente and Puerto Barrios. They descend mainly from the Arawaks and Belizean Creoles. [5]

There are also thousands of Jews residing in Guatemala. They are immigrants from Germany and Eastern Europe that arrived in the 19th century. Many immigrated during World War II. There are approximately 900 Jews living in Guatemala today. Most live in Guatemala City, Quezaltenango and San Marcos. Today, the Jewish community in Guatemala is about 60% Ashkenazi and 40% Sephardi. [29]

In 2014, numerous members of the Hasidic communities Lev Tahor and Toiras Jesed began settling in the village of San Juan La Laguna. The mainstream Jewish community was reportedly dismayed and concerned that the arrival of communities with a more visible adherence to Judaism might stir up anti-Jewish sentiment. Despite the tropical heat, the members of the community continued to wear traditional Jewish clothing. [30] [31]

Guatemala has a community of East Asian descent, largely of Chinese and Korean origin. [32] There are thousands of Arab Guatemalans descending from West Asian countries like Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Iraq. Some belong to Christian Churches while others to Islamic Mosques.

Languages

The official language of Guatemala is Spanish. It is spoken by nearly 93% of the population and is found mainly in the departments of the Southern region, Eastern region, Guatemala City and Peten. [33] Though the official language is Spanish, it is often the second language among the Indigenous population.

Approximately 23 additional Amerindian languages are spoken by more than 40% of the population. [34] 21 Mayan languages, one indigenous, and one Arawakan are spoken in Guatemala. [35] The most significant are; Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna and Xinca. [34]

There are also significant numbers of German, Chinese, French and English speakers.

RankLanguageLanguage family
1SpanishIndo-European
2K’iche’Mayan
3Q'eqchi'Mayan
4KaqchikelMayan
5MamMayan
6PoqomchiMayan
7Tz’utujilMayan
8AchíMayan
9Q’anjob’alMayan
10IxilMayan
11AkatekMayan
12JakaltekMayan
13ChujMayan
14PoqomamMayan
15Ch'orti'Mayan
16AwakatekMayan
17SakapultekMayan
18SipakapaMayan
19GarífunaArawakan
20UspantekMayan
21TektitekMayan
22MopanMayan
23Xincan languagesIsolate
24ItzaMayan

[35]

Religion

Catholicism was the official religion during the colonial era, and today is the most professed church in the population, but since the 1960s, with the armed conflict, Protestantism has increased progressively, today around two fifths of Guatemalans are Protestant, specially Evangelicals (with Pentecostals as the biggest branch). [36] Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy claim rapid growth, especially among the Indigenous Maya. Other churches include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other Christian minorities.

Indigenous beliefs are sometimes combined with Christianity. [36] Maya religion believers only account for less than 0.1% of the population and since the mid-1990s the Constitution recognizes the rights of Maya Religion. The Islamic community in Guatemala is growing, and is projected to include at least 2,000 believers by 2030. [37] There is a mosque in Guatemala City called the Islamic Da'wah Mosque of Guatemala (Spanish: Mezquita de Aldawaa Islámica). The president of the Islamic Community of the country is Jamal Mubarak.

Religious evolution in Guatemala [36]
Year% Catholic% Protestants% Others% No religion
March 198662.1%25.0%3.5%10.4%
March 199163.0%19.4%4.0%13.6%
October 2001-January 200255.8%23.1%3.8%17.3%
June 201150.0%35.0%3.0%12.0%
June 201744.5%39.0%3.3%13.2%

Emigration

The Guatemalan civil war from 1960 to 1996 led to mass emigration, particularly Guatemalan immigration to the United States. According to the International Organization for Migration, the total number of emigrants increased from 6,700 in the 1960s to 558,776 for the period 1995–2000; by 2005, the total number had reached 1.3 million. [38] In 2013, the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) estimated that there were about 900,000 Guatemalan Americans (persons of Guatemalan origin in the United States). [39]

CountryCount
Flag of the United States.svg United States 480,665 [40]  – 1,489,426 [41]
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 23,529 [41]
Flag of Belize.svg Belize 14,693 [41]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 14,256 [41]  – 34,665 [42]
Flag of Germany.svg Germany 5,989 [41]
Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras 5,172 [41]
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador 4,209 [41]
Flag of Spain.svg Spain 2,491 [41]


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