This is a list of prime ministers of Iraq since 1920.
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Political party | Head of State (Reign / Term) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
• Kingdom of Iraq(under the British Mandate) (1920–1932) • | ||||||||
Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani عبد الرحمن الكيلاني (1841–1927) | — | 11 November 1920 | 20 November 1922 | 2 years, 9 days | Independent | Faisal I (1921–1933) | ||
Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun عبد المحسن السعدون (1879–1929) | — | 20 November 1922 | 22 November 1923 | 1 year, 2 days | Independent | |||
Ja'far al-Askari جعفر العسكري (1885–1936) | — | 22 November 1923 | 2 August 1924 | 254 days | Independent | |||
Yasin al-Hashimi ياسين الهاشمي (1882–1937) | — | 2 August 1924 | 26 June 1925 | 328 days | Independent | |||
Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun عبد المحسن السعدون (1879–1929) | 1925 | 26 June 1925 | 21 November 1926 | 1 year, 148 days | Progressive Party [lower-alpha 1] [1] | |||
Ja'far al-Askari جعفر العسكري (1885–1936) | — | 21 November 1926 | 11 January 1928 | 1 year, 51 days | Independent | |||
Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun عبد المحسن السعدون (1879–1929) | 1928 | 11 January 1928 | 28 April 1929 | 1 year, 107 days | Independent | |||
Tawfiq al-Suwaidi توفيق السويدي (1892–1968) | — | 28 April 1929 | 19 September 1929 | 144 days | Independent | |||
Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun عبد المحسن السعدون (1879–1929) | — | 19 September 1929 | 13 November 1929 (died in office) | 55 days | Independent | |||
Naji Al-Suwaidi ناجي السويدي (1882–1942) | — | 18 November 1929 | 23 March 1930 | 125 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | 1930 | 23 March 1930 | 3 November 1932 | 2 years, 225 days | Party of the Covenant [lower-alpha 2] [1] | |||
• Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958) • | ||||||||
Naji Shawkat ناجي شوكت (1893–1980) | — | 3 November 1932 | 20 March 1933 | 137 days | Independent [lower-alpha 3] [1] | Faisal I (1921–1933) | ||
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani رشيد عالي الكيلاني (1892–1965) | 1933 | 20 March 1933 | 9 November 1933 | 234 days | Party of National Brotherhood | |||
Ghazi I (1933–1939) | ||||||||
Jamil Al Midfai جميل المدفعي (1890–1958) | — | 9 November 1933 | 27 August 1934 | 291 days | Independent | |||
Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi علي جودت الأيوبي (1886–1969) | 1934 | 27 August 1934 | 4 March 1935 | 189 days | Independent | |||
Jamil Al Midfai جميل المدفعي (1890–1958) | — | 4 March 1935 | 17 March 1935 | 13 days | Independent | |||
Yasin al-Hashimi ياسين الهاشمي (1882–1937) | 1935 | 17 March 1935 | 30 October 1936 (deposed) | 1 year, 227 days | Independent | |||
Hikmat Sulayman حكمت سليمان (1889–1964) | 1936–37 | 30 October 1936 | 17 August 1937 | 291 days | Military / Independent [lower-alpha 4] [2] | |||
Jamil Al Midfai جميل المدفعي (1890–1958) | Dec 1937 | 17 August 1937 | 25 December 1938 (deposed) [lower-alpha 5] [3] | 1 year, 130 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | 1939 | 25 December 1938 | 31 March 1940 (deposed) [lower-alpha 6] [4] | 1 year, 97 days | Military / Independent | |||
Faisal II (1939–1958) | ||||||||
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani رشيد عالي الكيلاني (1892–1965) | — | 31 March 1940 | 3 February 1941 | 309 days | Military / Independent [5] | |||
Taha al-Hashimi طه الهاشمي (1888–1961) | — | 3 February 1941 | 13 April 1941 (deposed) [lower-alpha 7] [6] | 69 days | Military / Independent | |||
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani رشيد عالي الكيلاني (1892–1965) | — | 13 April 1941 | 30 May 1941 (deposed) | 47 days | Military / Independent [7] | |||
Jamil Al Midfai جميل المدفعي (1890–1958) | — | 4 June 1941 | 10 October 1941 | 128 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | 1943 | 10 October 1941 | 4 June 1944 | 2 years, 238 days | Independent | |||
Hamdi al-Pachachi حمدي الباجه جي (1886–1948) | — | 4 June 1944 | 23 February 1946 | 1 year, 264 days | Independent | |||
Tawfiq al-Suwaidi توفيق السويدي (1892–1968) | — | 23 February 1946 | 1 June 1946 | 98 days | Liberal Party | |||
Arshad al-Umari أرشد العمري (1888–1978) | — | 1 June 1946 | 21 November 1946 | 173 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | — | 21 November 1946 | 29 March 1947 | 128 days | Military / Independent | |||
Salih Jabr سيد صالح جبر (1896–1957) | 1946–47 | 29 March 1947 | 29 January 1948 | 306 days | Socialist Nation Party | |||
Mohammad al-Sadr سيد محمد الصدر (1882–1956) | — | 29 January 1948 | 26 June 1948 | 149 days | Independent | |||
Muzahim al-Pachachi مزاحم الباجه جي (1891–1982) | 1948 | 26 June 1948 | 6 January 1949 | 194 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | — | 6 January 1949 | 10 December 1949 | 338 days | Military / Constitutional Union Party | |||
Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi علي جودت الأيوبي (1886–1969) | — | 10 December 1949 | 5 February 1950 | 57 days | Independent | |||
Tawfiq al-Suwaidi توفيق السويدي (1892–1968) | — | 5 February 1950 | 15 September 1950 | 222 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | — | 15 September 1950 | 12 July 1952 | 1 year, 301 days | Military / Constitutional Union Party | |||
Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari مصطفى محمود العمري (1894–1962) | — | 12 July 1952 | 23 November 1952 | 134 days | Independent | |||
Nureddin Mahmud نور الدين محمود (1899–1981) | — | 23 November 1952 | 29 January 1953 | 67 days | Independent | |||
Jamil Al Midfai جميل المدفعي (1890–1958) | 1953 | 29 January 1953 | 17 September 1953 | 231 days | Independent | |||
Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali محمد فاضل الجمالي (1903–1997) | — | 17 September 1953 | 29 April 1954 | 224 days | Independent | |||
Arshad al-Umari أرشد العمري (1888–1978) | Jun 1954 | 29 April 1954 | 4 August 1954 | 97 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | Sep 1954 | 4 August 1954 | 20 June 1957 | 2 years, 320 days | Military / Constitutional Union Party | |||
Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi علي جودت الأيوبي (1886–1969) | — | 20 June 1957 | 15 December 1957 | 178 days | Military / United National Front | |||
Abdul-Wahab Mirjan عبد الوهاب مرجان (1909–1964) | — | 15 December 1957 | 3 March 1958 | 78 days | Independent | |||
Nuri al-Said نوري السعيد (1888–1958) | — | 3 March 1958 | 18 May 1958 | 76 days | Military / Constitutional Union Party | |||
Ahmad Mukhtar Baban أحمد مختار بابان (1900–1976) | 1958 | 18 May 1958 | 14 July 1958 (deposed) | 57 days | Independent | |||
→ • Iraqi Republic (pre–Ba'ath Party) (1958–1968) • → | ||||||||
Abdul-Karim Qasim عبد الكريم قاسم (1914–1963) | — | 14 July 1958 | 8 February 1963 (deposed) [8] | 4 years, 209 days | Military | Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i (1958–1963) | ||
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr أحمد حسن البكر (1914–1982) | — | 8 February 1963 | 18 November 1963 (deposed) [9] | 283 days | Military / Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | Abdul Salam Arif (1963–1966) | ||
Tahir Yahya طاهر يحيى (1915–1986) | — | 20 November 1963 | 6 September 1965 | 1 year, 290 days | Military / Arab Socialist Union | |||
Arif Abd ar-Razzaq عارف عبد الرزاق (1921–2007) | — | 6 September 1965 | 21 September 1965 | 15 days | Military / Arab Socialist Union | |||
Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz عبد الرحمن البزاز (1913–1973) | — | 21 September 1965 | 9 August 1966 | 322 days | Arab Socialist Union | |||
Naji Talib ناجي طالب (1917–2012) | — | 9 August 1966 | 10 May 1967 | 274 days | Military | Abdul Rahman Arif (1966–1968) | ||
Abdul Rahman Arif عبد الرحمن عارف (1916–2007) | — | 10 May 1967 | 10 July 1967 | 61 days | Military / Arab Socialist Union | |||
Tahir Yahya طاهر يحيى (1915–1986) | — | 10 July 1967 | 17 July 1968 (deposed) [10] | 1 year, 7 days | Military / Arab Socialist Union | |||
→ • Iraqi Republic (under Ba'ath Party) (1968–2003) • → | ||||||||
Abdul Razzaq an-Naif عبد الرزاق النايف (1933–1978) | — | 17 July 1968 | 30 July 1968 | 13 days | Military | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1968–1979) | ||
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr أحمد حسن البكر (1914–1982) | — | 31 July 1968 | 16 July 1979 (resigned) [11] | 10 years, 350 days | Military / Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | |||
Saddam Hussein صدام حسين (1937–2006) | 1980 1984 1989 | 16 July 1979 | 23 March 1991 | 11 years, 250 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | Saddam Hussein (1979–2003) | ||
Sa'dun Hammadi سعدون حمادي (1930–2007) | — | 23 March 1991 | 13 September 1991 [12] | 174 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | |||
Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi محمد حمزة الزبيدي (1938–2005) | — | 16 September 1991 | 5 September 1993 | 1 year, 354 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | |||
Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai أحمد حسين خضير السامرائي (born 1941) | — | 5 September 1993 | 29 May 1994 | 266 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | |||
Saddam Hussein صدام حسين (1937–2006) | 1996 2000 | 29 May 1994 [13] | 9 April 2003 (deposed) [14] | 8 years, 315 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | |||
• Iraqi Governing Council (2003–2004) • | ||||||||
Mohammad Bahr al-Uloom محمد بحر العلوم (1927–2015) Acting Prime Minister | — | 13 July 2003 | 31 July 2003 | 18 days | Independent | Coalition Provisional Authority (2003–2004) | ||
Ibrahim al-Jaafari إبراهيم الجعفري (born 1947) | — | 1 August 2003 | 31 August 2003 | 30 days | Islamic Dawa Party | |||
Ahmed al-Chalabi أحمد جلبي (1944–2015) | — | 1 September 2003 | 30 September 2003 | 29 days | Iraqi National Congress | |||
Ayad Allawi إياد علاوي (born 1944) | — | 1 October 2003 | 31 October 2003 | 30 days | Iraqi National Accord | |||
Jalal Talabani جلال طلباني (1933–2017) | — | 1 November 2003 | 30 November 2003 | 29 days | Patriotic Union of Kurdistan | |||
Abdul Aziz al-Hakim عبد العزيز الحكيم (1952–2009) | — | 1 December 2003 | 31 December 2003 | 30 days | Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq | |||
Adnan al-Pachachi عدنان بجاجي (1923–2019) | — | 1 January 2004 | 31 January 2004 | 30 days | Assembly of Independent Democrats | |||
Mohsen Abdel Hamid محسن عبد الحميد (born 1937) | — | 1 February 2004 | 29 February 2004 | 28 days | Iraqi Islamic Party | |||
Mohammad Bahr al-Uloom محمد بحر العلوم (1927–2015) | — | 1 March 2004 | 31 March 2004 | 30 days | Independent | |||
Massoud Barzani مسعود برزاني (born 1946) | — | 1 April 2004 | 30 April 2004 | 29 days | Kurdistan Democratic Party | |||
Ezzedine Salim عز الدين سليم (1943–2004) | — | 1 May 2004 | 17 May 2004 (died in office) | 16 days | Islamic Dawa Party | |||
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer غازي مشعل عجيل الياور (born 1958) | — | 17 May 2004 | 1 June 2004 | 15 days | Independent | |||
→ • Republic of Iraq (2004–present) • → | ||||||||
Ayad Allawi إياد علاوي (born 1944) | — | 1 June 2004 | 3 May 2005 | 336 days | Iraqi National Accord | Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (2004–2005) | ||
Ibrahim al-Jaafari إبراهيم الجعفري (born 1947) | Jan 2005 | 3 May 2005 | 20 May 2006 | 1 year, 17 days | Islamic Dawa Party | Jalal Talabani (2005–2014) | ||
Nouri al-Maliki نوري المالكي (born 1950) | Dec 2005 2010 | 20 May 2006 | 8 September 2014 | 8 years, 111 days | Islamic Dawa Party | |||
Fuad Masum (2014–2018) | ||||||||
Haider al-Abadi حيدر العبادي (born 1952) | 2014 | 8 September 2014 | 25 October 2018 | 4 years, 47 days | Victory Alliance | |||
Barham Salih (2018–2022) | ||||||||
Adil Abdul-Mahdi عادل عبد المهدي (born 1942) | 2018 | 25 October 2018 | 7 May 2020 | 1 year, 194 days | Independent | |||
Mustafa Al-Kadhimi مصطفي الکاظمي (born 1967) | — | 7 May 2020 | 27 October 2022 | 2 years, 174 days | Independent | |||
Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani محمد شياع السوداني (born 1970) | 2021 | 27 October 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 328 days | Al-Furatayn [15] | Abdul Latif Rashid (2022–present) |
Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He also served as prime minister of Iraq from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and later its Iraqi regional branch. Ideologically, he espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, while the policies and political ideas he championed are collectively known as Saddamism.
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr was an Iraqi politician who served as the fourth president of Iraq, from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and later the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organisation Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism.
Nuri Pasha al-Said CH was an Iraqi politician during the Mandatory Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq. He held various key cabinet positions and served eight terms as Prime Minister of Iraq.
Bakr Sidqi al-Askari was an Iraqi general of Kurdish origin, born in 1890 and assassinated on 11 August 1937, in Mosul.
The Revolutionary Command Council was established after the military coup in 1968, and was the ultimate decision-making body in Iraq before the American-led invasion in 2003. It exercised both executive and legislative authority in the country, with the Chairman and Vice Chairman chosen by a two-thirds majority of the council. The Chairman was also then declared the President of Iraq and he was then allowed to select a Vice President. After Saddam Hussein became President of Iraq in 1979 the council was led by deputy chairman Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri, deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, and Taha Yassin Ramadan, who had known Saddam since the 1960s.
Hikmat Sulayman was Prime Minister of Iraq from October 30, 1936 to August 12, 1937 at the head of a Party of National Brotherhood government.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was a state located in the Middle East from 1932 to 1958.
Al-Bu Nasir is one of the Arab tribes of Iraq. Al-Bu Nasir is a Sayyid tribe of around 35,000 people who primarily inhabit the town of Tikrit and the surrounding area of northern central Iraq, as well as many other area in south and center of Iraq. The progenitor of the Al-Bu Nasir tribe was Ahmed ibn Hussein ibn Ibrahim ibn Mahmoud, who was a descendant of Ahmad Al-Rifa'i, hence an affiliation of the tribe being 'Al-Rifa'i.' Ahmad Al-Rifa'i was a Husseini Sayyid, being descended from Ibrahim ibn Musa Al-Kadhim.
The Directorate of General Security (DGS) also known as Internal State Security is a domestic Iraqi intelligence agency.
Hardan 'Abdul Ghaffar al-Tikriti was a senior Iraqi Air Force commander, Iraqi politician and ambassador who was assassinated on the orders of Saddam Hussein. Additionally he held the titles of vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council and vice president of Iraq.
Adnan Khairallah was an Iraqi military officer and Saddam Hussein's brother-in-law and cousin. He held several titles and was a member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council. He also served as the Defence Minister of Iraq from 1979 until his death a decade later, being appointed days after Saddam Hussein succeeded to the Presidency.
Diplomatic relations between Iraq and the United States began when the U.S. first recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, with the signing of the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London by Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. The historiography of Iraq—United States relations prior to the 1980s is considered relatively underdeveloped, with the first in-depth academic studies being published in the 2010s. Today, the United States and Iraq both consider themselves as strategic partners, given the American political and military involvement after the invasion of Iraq and their mutual, deep-rooted relationship that followed. The United States provides the Iraqi security forces hundreds of millions of dollars of military aid and training annually as well as uses its military bases.
Ba'athist Iraq, officially the Iraqi Republic (1968–1992) and later the Republic of Iraq (1992–2003), was the Iraqi state between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. This period began with high economic growth, but ended with the country facing severe levels of socio-political isolation and economic stagnation. By the late 1990s, the average annual income had decreased drastically due to a combination of external and internal factors. UNSC sanctions against Iraq, in particular, were widely criticized for negatively impacting the country's quality of life, prompting the establishment of the Oil-for-Food Programme. The Ba'athist period formally came to an end with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the Ba'ath Party has since been indefinitely banned across the country.
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, officially the Iraqi Regional Branch, is an Iraqi Ba'athist political party founded in 1951 by Fuad al-Rikabi. It was the Iraqi regional branch of the original Ba'ath Party, before changing its allegiance to the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath movement following the 1966 split within the original party. The party was officially banned following the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, but despite this it still continues to function underground.
The 17 July Revolution was a bloodless coup in Iraq in 1968 led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, and Abd ar-Rahman al-Dawud that ousted President Abdul Rahman Arif and Prime Minister Tahir Yahya and brought the Iraqi Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power. Ba'athists involved in the coup as well as the subsequent purge of the moderate faction led by Naif included Hardan al-Tikriti, Salih Mahdi Ammash, and Saddam Hussein, the future President of Iraq. The coup was primarily directed against Yahya, an outspoken Nasserist who exploited the political crisis created by the June 1967 Six-Day War to push Arif's moderate government to nationalize the Western-owned Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) in order to use Iraq's "oil as a weapon in the battle against Israel." Full nationalization of the IPC did not occur until 1972, under the Ba'athist administration. In the aftermath of the coup, the new Iraqi government consolidated power by denouncing alleged American and Israeli machinations, publicly executing 14 people including 9 Iraqi Jews on fabricated espionage charges amidst a broader purge, and working to expand Iraq's traditionally close relations with the Soviet Union.
The 1936 Iraqi coup d'état, also known as the Bakr Sidqi coup, was initiated by general Bakr Sidqi in order to overthrow Prime Minister Yasin al-Hashimi of the Kingdom of Iraq. The coup succeeded in installing Sidqi's ally Hikmat Sulayman as the new prime minister, while Sidqi was de facto ruler of Iraq as powerful Chief of Staff. Bakr Sidqi's reign would be short; he was assassinated the next year in Mosul, and Sulayman was obliged to resign his post.
The 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge, also called the Comrades Massacre, was a public purge of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party orchestrated on 22 July 1979 by then-president Saddam Hussein six days after his arrival to the presidency of the Iraqi Republic on 16 July 1979.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 4 August 1935 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies.
Ali Salih al-Sa'di was an Iraqi politician. He was General Secretary of the Iraqi branch of the Baath Party from the late 1950s until the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état. From February 8, 1963 until the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, he was Deputy Prime Minister under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Minister of the Interior and as Commander of the National Guard.