List of wars involving Iraq

"War in Iraq" redirects here. For other wars, see Iraq War (disambiguation), Iraqi Civil War (disambiguation), and List of conflicts in Iraq.

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Iraq and its predecessor states.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Iraqi losses		Head of State	Prime Minister
				Military	Civilians
Mesopotamian Campaign (1914–1918; World War I)	Ottoman Empire Al-Muntafiq Union Kurdish tribes Arab tribes   Germany Jam'iya al-Nahda al-Islamiya (1918)	United Kingdom   India Australia   New Zealand Kuwait (1914) [1] Assyrian volunteers	Allied victory Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire	~89,500	~35,500	Mehmed VI (Ottoman rule)	Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Ottoman rule)
Mahmud Barzanji Revolts (1919–1924)	Mandatory Iraq RAF Iraq Command Assyrian levies	Kurdish state Barzinja tenantry and tribesmen Hamavand tribe Sections of the Jaf, Jabbari, Sheykh Bizayni and Shuan tribes Kingdom of Kurdistan Kurdish National Army	British-Assyrian victory [2] [3] Kingdom of Kurdistan abolished in 1924 Sheykh Mahmud retreats to underground Iraqi Kurdistan merged into Mandatory Iraq (1926) Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British	?	?	Before 1920: Sir Percy Cox (British High Commissioner) After 1920: King Faisal I	Before 1920: Sir Percy Cox (British High Commissioner) After 1920: Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani
Iraqi War of Independence (1920)	Iraqi rebels Al-ʽAhd Haras Al-Istiqlal Arab tribesmen Kurdish tribesmen	United Kingdom Iraq Levies	British victory Anglo-Iraqi treaty [a] Creation of Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration [6] [7]	6,000–10,000	2,050–4,000	None
Ikhwan revolt (1927–1930)	Hejaz and Nejd House of Saud Allied Arab clans United Kingdom   Royal Air Force Kuwait   Iraq Allied Arab clans	Ikhwan Otaibah Mutayr Ajman	Allied victory	2,000 killed in total		Faisal I of Iraq	Faisal bin Sultan
Yazidi Revolt (1935)	Kingdom of Iraq	Yazidi tribes	Revolts suppressed Sinjar mountains put under military control	?	?	Ghazi of Iraq	Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi
Iraqi Shia Revolts (1935–1936)	Kingdom of Iraq	Iraqi Shia tribesmen Ikha Party	Revolts suppressed	~500
Iraqi Coup D'état (1941)	Iraq	Golden Square	Golden Square victory Overthrow of government of 'Abd al-Ilah Formation of National Defence Government British intervention in Iraq	?		Faisal II of Iraq	Taha al-Hashimi
Anglo-Iraqi War (1941 WWII)	Iraq (Golden Square) Military support:   Germany   Italy   Vichy France [8]	United Kingdom   India Assyrian levies Mandatory Palestine   Transjordan Iraq (Abd Al-Ilah loyalists)Air and naval support:   Australia [b]   New Zealand [c] Greece [d]	Allied victory Rebellion suppressed	~500	?	Sherif Sharaf	Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
Barzani Revolt (1943–1945)	Kingdom of Iraq	Barzani tribesmen Allied Kurdish tribes	Iraqi victory Revolt suppressed	?		Faisal II of Iraq	Nuri al-Said
Al-Wathbah Uprising (1948)	Iraqi Police	Student Cooperation Committee (communists) Progressive Democrats Populists Kurdish Democrats Student wings of the National Democratic Party and the Independence Party	Victory Restoration of order More demonstrations in spring 1948	300–400			Mohammad Hassan al-Sadr
First Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949)	Arab League :   Egypt [11] All-Palestine Protectorate [e] Holy War Army [e] Transjordan [11]   Iraq [11] Syria [11] Lebanon [f] Saudi Arabia [13] [ full citation needed ]   Yemen [14] Irregulars: Arab Liberation Army Al-Najjada Holy War Army	Israel Before 26 May 1948: Yishuv Paramilitary groups: Haganah Palmach Hish Him Irgun Lehi Allied Bedouin tribes [15] [16] After 26 May 1948: Israel Defense Forces Minorities Unit Foreign volunteers: Mahal	Defeat Arab League invasion of former Mandatory Palestine repelled 1949 Armistice Agreements Establishment of the State of Israel, Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight Beginning of the Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency	?	None		Muzahim al-Pachachi
14 July Revolution (1958)	Arab Federation Kingdom of Iraq Royal Guard Supported by: Kingdom of Jordan	Free Officers 19th Brigade 20th Brigade	Free Officers Victory Overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy Death of King Faisal II and his family Execution of Prince Abd al-Ilah Execution of Prime Minister Nuri al-Said End of the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq End of the Arab Federation Establishment of the Iraqi Republic	~100			Nuri al-Said
Mosul Uprising (1959)	Iraqi Government Communist Party Arab, Kurdish and Assyrian peasants [17] [ page needed ] [18]	Arab nationalists Ba'ath Party Sympathetic Arab tribes Supported by: United Arab Republic [19] [20] [21] United States [22] CIA (alleged)	Attempted coup fails Iraq remains outside of the UAR Degradation in Iraq-UAR relations Iraqi Communists increase in power Iraqi Ba'athists begin to increase in strength	2,426		Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i	Abd al-Karim Qasim
First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970)	Before 1968: Iraq Syria (1963) Supported by: United States (from 1963) [23] [24] After 1968: Ba'athist Iraq	KDP Yazidis [25] Assyrians Supported by: Iran [26] Israel United States (alleged)Wolfe-Hunnicutt 2021 , pp. 102	Military stalemate [27] Several Iraqi offensives intended to suppress the Kurdish rebellion fail [28] [ page needed ] [29] [ page needed ] Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement Arabization program continued Second Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1974	~10,000	?
Ramadan Revolution (1963)	Iraqi Government Iraqi Armed Forces Iraqi Communist Party [30]	Iraqi Ba'ath Party Iraqi Armed Forces (Ba'athist elements) National Guard militia Supported by: United States [31] [32]	Iraqi Ba'athist victory Overthrow of Abd al-Karim Qasim Establishment of Ba'athist government	100
Ar-Rashid Revolt (1963)	Iraqi Government Ba'ath Party Ba'ath National Guard Militia	Iraqi Communist Party Iraqi Army	Coup attempt defeated Revolt suppressed	1+		Abdul Salam Arif	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
November coup d'état (1963)	Ba'athists	Nasserists	Nasserist victory Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government * Establishment of pro-Nasserist government Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr became Vice President of Iraq	250
Six-Day War (1967)	Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq [33] Minor involvement: Lebanon [34]	Israel	Defeat Israel occupies a total of 70,000 km2 (27,000 sq mi) of territory: [35] The Golan Heights from Syria The West Bank including East Jerusalem from Jordan The Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt [36] [37]	10	None	Abdul Rahman Arif	Abdul Rahman Arif
17 July Revolution	Iraqi Government Arab Socialist Union	Iraqi Ba'ath Party Iraqi Armed Forces Supported by: United States (alleged)	Ba’ath victory Overthrow of Abdul Rahman Arif and Tahir Yahya Establishment of Ba'athist Iraq		Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Yom Kippur War (1973)	Egypt Syria Expeditionary forces Saudi Arabia [38] [ page needed ] Algeria [39] Jordan Libya Iraq Kuwait [40] Tunisia Morocco [41] Cuba North Korea [42] [43]	Israel	Defeat [44] Invasion of Israeli-held territories repelled Agreement on Disengagement and Egypt–Israel peace treaty [45]	278	None	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975)	Iraq Supported by: Soviet Union [46]	KDP Yazidis [47] Iran Supported by: Israel [48] United States [49]	Iraqi victory [50] KDP military and strategic failure Peshmerga fighting ability destroyed KDP–Iraq cease-fire Failed PUK low-level insurgency Iran withdrew its support for KDP 1975 Algiers Agreement Iraqi government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories	7,000	?
Arvand Conflict (1974–1975)	Iraq	Iran KDP	Iranian victory [51] 1975 Algiers Agreement [52] Iraq cedes half of the Arvand River to Iran [51] Iran cedes territory around Zain al Qaws and Saif Saad to Iraq [51] Iraqi federal government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories [50] Tensions between Iran and Iraq escalate into a full-scale war in 1980 [51]			Saddam Hussein	Saddam Hussein
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)	Iraq DRFLA [53] [54] MEK NCRI PKDI [55] Salvation Force [56] Arab volunteers [g]	Iran KDP PUK ISCI Islamic Dawa Party Hezbollah [65] Shia volunteers [h]	Inconclusive [i] Status quo ante bellum [j]	105,000 375,000	~100,000
Invasion of Kuwait (1990)	Iraqi Republic	State of Kuwait	Iraqi victory UNSC Resolution 660 condemns invasion on 2 August UNSC Resolution 661 imposes international sanctions against Iraq and declares Kuwait's right to self-defence on 6 August UNSC Resolution 662 designates Iraqi occupation/annexation of Kuwait as illegal on 9 August UNSC Resolution 665 authorizes naval blockade against Iraq on 25 August Iraq establishes the "Republic of Kuwait" on 2 August and annexes it on 28 August Northern Kuwait becomes the Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District within Iraq's Basra Governorate Southern Kuwait becomes Iraq's Kuwait Governorate	295+	None
Gulf War (1990–1991)	Iraq	United States United Kingdom France Saudi Arabia Egypt Kuwait Coalition : Afghan mujahideen [76] Argentina Australia   Bahrain Bangladesh Belgium Canada Czechoslovakia Denmark Germany Greece Honduras Hungary Italy Japan Luxembourg Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Niger Norway Oman Pakistan Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore South Korea Spain Sweden   Syria Turkey United Arab Emirates	Coalition victory State of Kuwait resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory Establishment of a demilitarized zone and construction of a separation barrier along the Iraq–Kuwait border	20,000–35,000	3,664
1991 Iraqi uprisings (1991)	Government Ba'ath Party Iraqi Army Republican Guard Special Republican Guard Popular Army General Security Intelligence Service Special Security Support: MEK	Shia and leftist elements of opposition: SCIRI/Badr Brigades Dawa Communist Party Pro-Syrian Ba'athists Army deserters/defectors Diplomatic Support: United States [77] Military Support Iran [78]	Iraqi government military victory (Southern Front) Imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France	~5,000	80,000–230,000
		Kurdish rebels: Peshmerga: KDP PUK IMK CPK Jash deserters/defectors PDKI Diplomatic Support: United States [77] Military Support Iran [78]	Government Military Victory (Northern Front) Establishment of Kurdistan Region, facilitated by the imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1995–1996)	KDP Supported by: Iraq (from 1995) Turkey (from 1997) Iran (before 1995)	PUK PKK [79] SCIRI KCP Iraqi National Congress Supported by: Iran (from 1995) Syria United States (1996)	Washington Agreement PKK moved to Qandil mountains from Bekaa Valley	?
Bombing of Iraq (1998)	Iraq	United States United States Armed Forces United Kingdom   Royal Air Force	Coalition military success [80] Politically inconclusive [80] Much of Iraqi military infrastructure destroyed Iraq bars weapon inspectors from returning Iraq begins shooting at British and American planes in the Iraqi no-fly zones	1,400 [81] (KIA or WIA)	?
Second Sadr Uprising (1999)	Iraq Iraqi Armed Forces Republican Guard [82] Fedayeen Saddam Ba'ath Party	Rebels: SCIRI / Badr Dawa [83]	Iraqi government victory Uprising suppressed	40+	200+ [84]
Iraq War (2003–2011)	Invasion (2003) Republic of Iraq MEK [85]	Invasion (2003) Coalition of the willing United States United Kingdom Australia Poland Kurdistan Region KDP PUK Iraqi National Congress Free Iraqi Forces [k]	Defeat (Phase 1) Overthrow of Ba'ath Party-led regime (and execution of Saddam Hussein in 2006)	7,600–10,800	151,000–1,033,000+
	After invasion (2003–11)   Iraq   United States   United Kingdom MNF–I (2003–09)   Kurdistan Region Awakening Council	After invasion (2003–11) Al-Qaeda in Iraq Islamic Army in Iraq Islamic State of Iraq Mahdi Army Naqshbandi Army Hamas of Iraq Jaysh al-Mujahideen 1920 Revolution Brigades Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna	Government victory (Phase 2) Re-establishment of democratic elections U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement Escalation of sectarian insurgency (leading to the rise of ISIL and re-escalation of war beginning in 2013)	17,690		Jalal Talabani	Nouri al-Maliki
War in Iraq (2013–17)	Central government of Iraq [88] Iraqi Armed Forces Iraqi Ground Forces Iraqi Air Force CTS-ISOF Popular Mobilization Forces Assyrian Forces (Iraqi command) Federal Police Kurdistan Region [88] Peshmerga Zeravani Kurdistan Region Security Council CTG Kurdistan Parastin u Zanyari Assyrian Forces (Kurdish command) Allied groups: Sinjar Alliance PKK [89] Rojava [89] Kurdish National Council [90] Iraqi Turkmen Front Iraqi Communist Party Various self-defense groups Others: Iran Hezbollah Liwa Zainebiyoun Syria [91] CJTF–OIR United States United Kingdom Canada [92] [93] Australia [94] France Italy Netherlands New Zealand [95] Finland [96] Denmark [97]	Islamic State Sunni Insurgent Factions (2012–2015) Naqshbandi Army Army of Pride and Dignity [98] Hamas of Iraq Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance GMCIR (2014) Free Iraqi Army (2013–2014) Islamic Army in Iraq (2013–2014) 1920 Revolution Brigades (2013–2015) [99] Anbar Tribal Council (2013–2015)	Iraqi and allied victory [100]	25,000+	67,000+	Fuad Masum	Haider al-Abadi
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (2017)	Iraq Supported by: Iran [61]	Kurdistan Regional Government PKK [101] PDKI [102] PAK [103] White Flags (alleged) [104]	Iraqi victory Iraqi government forces defeat the Peshmerga and capture 20% of the territory controlled by the Kurdistan Region including the city of Kirkuk, along with the surrounding oil fields and border crossings. [105]	None	None
Iraqi Insurgency (2017–present)	Iraq Iraqi Federal Police Iraqi Armed Forces Special Operations Forces (SOF) Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) Tribal Mobilization [106] Islamic Resistance in Iraq Supported by: Iran Rojava (cross-border cooperation since May 2018) [107] Supported by: CJTF-OIR United States United Kingdom France Kurdistan Region Peshmerga Supported by: Netherlands [108]	Islamic State White Flags (2017–2018)	Ongoing as a hit-and-run campaign	2,254+	None
Iraqi intervention in the Syrian Civil War (2017–2019)	Iraq Syria Russia	ISIL	Victory ISIL loses remaining territory in Syria	None	None	Barham Salih	Adil Abdul-Mahdi

Other armed conflicts involving Iraq

• Wars during Mandatory Iraq
• Smaller conflicts, revolutions, coups and periphery conflicts
  • Simele massacre 1933
  • Joint Operation Arvand 1969, Iranian show of force that Iraq did not resist
  • Kurdish rebellion of 1983 (part of Iran–Iraq War)
  • Iraqi no-fly zones conflict, 1991–2003
  • Kurdistan Islamist conflict, 2001–2004 (fought on Iraqi territory, but with no Iraqi involvement)

Notes

1. Including greater autonomy for Iraq, ^[4] the installation of Faysal ibn Husayn as King of Iraq, and cancellation of the British Mandate for Mesopotamia. ^[5]
2. HMAS Yarra, representing Australia, participated at sea. ^[9]
3. HMNZS Leander, representing New Zealand, participated at sea. ^[10]
4. Greek airmen undergoing training at Habbaniya flew sorties against the Iraqis.
5. After 22 September 1948
6. Lebanon had decided to not participate in the war and only took part in the battle of al-Malikiya on 5–6 June 1948. ^[12]
7. from: ^[57]
   • Egypt
   • Jordan ^{[58] [59] [ page needed ] [60]}
   • Morocco ^{[57] [61]}
   • North Yemen ^[62]
   • Sudan ^{[63] [64]}
   • Tunisia ^[61]
8. from:
   • Afghanistan ^{[66] [67]}
   • Iraq ^[68]
   • Lebanon ^{[69] [ page needed ]}
   • Pakistan ^[70]
   • Kuwait ^[71]
   •   Bahrain ^[71]
   • India ^[71]
9. Iraq claimed victory following a successful 1988 counter-offensive aimed at expelling Iranian forces from Iraq which compelled Iran to submit to a ceasefire the same year, and also due to the country becoming the dominant power in the Middle East as a result of the conflict, while Iran also claimed victory for expelling Iraqi forces from Iran following 1982 offensives, despite failing in its later-goal to overthrow the Iraqi government and also despite suffering higher military and economic losses than Iraq. ^{[72] [73]}
10. After the war concluded, Iraq continued to maintain control over the entire Shatt al-Arab and other Iranian territories it had occupied along the border, covering an area of 9,600 km². It was not until 16 August 1990 that Iraq agreed to return these occupied territories back to Iran and to divide sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab. This restored the border to the terms established by the 1975 Algiers Agreement. ^{[74] [75]}
11. ^{[86] [87]}

Footnotes

1. Slot 2005 , pp. 406–409
2. Jackson 1985, p. 20.
3. Colonial Office 1930, p. 31.
4. Kadhim 2012, pp. 10–11.
5. Kedourie 1968, p. 293.
6. Wright, Quincy (1926). "The Government of Iraq". The American Political Science Review . 20 (4): 743–769. JSTOR   1945423.
7. See original documents here
8. Sutherland & Canwell 2011, pp. 38–43.
9. Wavell 1946, p. 4094.
10. Waters 2008, p. 24.
11. Oren 2002, p. 5.
12. Morris 2008, p. 260.
13. Gelber, pp. 55, 200, 239
14. Morris 2008, p. 205.
15. Palestine Post, "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948
16. AFP (24 April 2013). "Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder". Al Arabiya English. Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
17. Batatu 2013.
18. Mughisuddin 1977, p. 153.
19. "Mosul Revolt, 1958–1959". Archived from the original (TXT) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
20. Wolf-Hunnicutt 2011, p. 36.
21. Davies 2005, p. 118.
22. "Exclusive: Saddam key in early CIA plot – UPI.com". UPI. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
23. Wolfe-Hunnicutt, B. (2015). "Embracing Regime Change in Iraq: American Foreign Policy and the 1963 Coup d'etat in Baghdad" . Diplomatic History. 39 (1): 98–125. doi:10.1093/dh/dht121. ISSN   0145-2096. Despite massive political, economic, and military aid to the fledgling Ba'thist government—including the provision of napalm weapons to assist the regime in what the Embassy regarded as a 'genocidal' counterinsurgency campaign in Iraqi Kurdistan—the first Ba'thist regime in Iraq proved 'not long for this world,' in the words of a rather gleeful British Ambassador. The Ba'th presided over a nine-month reign of terror, and the scale of the party's brutality shocked Iraqi sensibilities. Moreover, the Ba'th's association—in the public mind—with the American CIA only hastened its demise. In mid-November 1963, less than nine months after taking power, the Ba'th's rivals in the Iraqi Army deposed the Ba'th and rejoined Qasim's challenge to the IPC.
24. Wolfe-Hunnicutt 2021, pp. 126–127.
25. Çoğalan 2017, p. 92.
26. Wolfe-Hunnicutt 2021 , pp. 102: "As the IPC moved in opposition to Qasim, Israeli and Iranian covert assistance began to pour into Iraqi Kurdistan... Kurdish representatives reached out to the US embassy for the same... Available documentation does not prove conclusively that the United States provided covert assistance to the Kurds in the fall of 1962, but the documents that have been declassified are certainly suggestive—especially in light of the general US policy orientation toward Iraq during this period."
27. Kingsbury 2021 , p. 133: "Due to Qasim's distrust of the Iraqi army, he refused to properly arm it, leading to a military stalemate with the Kurds."
28. O'Ballance 1973.
29. Pollack 2002.
30. Wolfe-Hunnicutt 2021, p. 108.
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38. O'Ballance 1978.
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