List of wars involving the Philippines

For other conflicts that occurred in the Philippines, see List of conflicts in the Philippines.

This is a list of direct armed conflicts involving the Philippines since its founding during the Philippine revolution. ^[1] This excludes battles widely regarded to be part of a larger war and isolated military engagements.

List

Legend

  Philippine victory

  Philippine defeat

  Stalemate

  Ongoing conflict

Spanish colonial era

Wars involving the Philippines from the Philippine Revolution until the United States-Philippines War.

Conflict [a]	Philippines (and allies) [b]	Opponents [c]	Results
Philippine Revolution (1896-1899)	1896–1897 Katipunan Sovereign Tagalog Nation (until March 1897) Tejeros Government (March–November 1897) Republic of Biak-na-Bato (November–December 1897) 1898 Philippine Revolutionaries Dictatorial Government (May–June) Revolutionary Government (from June) United States (May) 1899 First Philippine Republic	1896–1897   Spain Captaincy General of the Philippines Province of La Pampanga 1898   Spain Captaincy General of the Philippines Province of La Pampanga 1899 United States	Inconclusive [d] Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain Philippine–American War started soon after Cession of Philippine sovereignty by Spain to the United States through the Treaty of Paris Filipinos control all of the Philippines except Manila and the port city of Cavite el Nuevo
Philippine–American War (1899–1913)	1899–1902: [e]   Philippines Negros Republic Zamboanga Republic Japanese volunteers 1902–1913: Tagalog Republic (until 1906) Maguindanao Sultanate (until 1905) Sulu Sultanate	1899–1902: United States United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands 1902–1913: United States Insular Government of the Philippine Islands	American victory American occupation of the Philippines fully established; dissolution of the First Philippine Republic Philippine Organic Act The Philippines becomes an unincorporated territory of the United States and later, a U.S. Commonwealth (until 1946).
Moro Rebellion (1902–1913)	United States Insular Government	Sultanate of Sulu Maguindanao Sultanate Lanao Confederacy First Philippine Republic (until 1901)	AmericanAmerican victory [2] Total annexation of the Philippine Islands Formation of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu

American colonial era

Wars involving the United States-administered Philippines until July 4, 1946.

Conflict [a]	Philippines (and allies) [b]	Opponents [c]	Results
World War II (Pacific theater) (1941–1945 [f] [4] )	Allies China United States United Kingdom See § Participants	Axis   Japan See § Participants	Allied victory Allied occupation of Japan Removal of Japanese troops from China and retrocession of Taiwan to China Liberation of Korea and Manchuria, followed by the division of Korea Cession of Japanese-held islands in the Central Pacific Ocean to the United Nations, organized as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Seizure and annexation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands by the Soviet Union

Post-Independence era

Wars involving the Philippines from July 4, 1946 until today.

Conflict [a]	Philippines (and allies) [b]	Opponents [c]	Results
Hukbalahap Rebellion (1942–1954)	Philippines	Hukbalahap	Philippine government victory
Kamlon rebellion (1948-1955)	Philippines	Kamlon's Forces	Philippine government victory Final surrender of Hadji Kamlon in 1955
Korean War (1950–1953) [5]	South Korea United States	North Korea China Soviet Union	Stalemate The Korean Peninsula remained divided into two states
	Philippines (combat support) [5]
Vietnam War (1964–1973) [6]	South Vietnam United States	North Vietnam Viet Cong and PRG China Soviet Union North Korea	North Vietnamese victory Unification of Vietnam
	Philippines(civic support) [7]
New People's Army Insurgency (1969–Present)	Government of the Philippines Supported by:  United States (advisors) [8]	Communist Party of the Philippines Supported by:  China (until 1976) [9]	Ongoing NTF-ELCAC implemented CPP-NPA leadership collapses Elimination of all major rebel "front" units Ongoing insurgency by NPA remnants
Moro conflict (1968 [10] –2019)	Philippines Supported by: United States (advisors) [11] Australia [12] [13] Indonesia [14] [15] Malaysia (since 2001) [14] [16] [17] [18] Russia [19] China [20] International Monitoring Team (IMT) Brunei Indonesia Japan Libya Malaysia Norway European Union Ilaga	Bangsamoro MNLF (until 1996) [21] MILF (until 2014) Former support: Libya (until 2011) [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] Malaysia (until 2001) [28] [29] [30] NDFP MRLO Jihadist groups BIFF ASG (1991–2024) Maute group (2013–2017) [31] [32] [33] AKP (2014 – c. 2021) KIM (2011–2013) [34] Rajah Sulaiman Movement (until 2005) [35] [36]	Peace agreements declared between the Government and the MILF/MNLF Cessation of hostilities with the MNLF and MILF Operation Enduring Freedom ended on 23 October 2017 [37] dealing a heavy blow to jihadist forces, reducing their numbers significantly [38] and recapturing all their territory Bangsamoro Transition Authority established to govern the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao until 2025 Ongoing ISIL insurgency and sporadic clashes between MILF loyalist militias and against the government The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was officially ratified on February 22, 2019, and replaced the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao [39]

Notes

1. Year indicates the duration of the Philippines' involvement in the war
2. Main combatants only. Minor involvement only included if it is by the Philippines
3. Main combatants only
4. The Spanish–American War intruded into the unresolved revolution and efforts to establish independence following its conclusion in the Treaty of Paris developed into the Philippine–American War.
5. The Philippine Republic was de jure dissolved in 1901 when Emilio Aguinaldo surrendered himself to the Americans and announce the Philippine people to lay down their weapons. However, his unofficial successor Miguel Malvar continued the fight without formal recognition of the people until his surrender in 1902.
6. Although Japan had been invading and occupying parts of China since 1937, war was not officially declared. Japan would later attack Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, which brought the contained war in China into the wider global conflict. ^[3]

References

1. Grace Estela C. Mateo. "The Philippines : A Story of a Nation" (PDF). Scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
2. Agoncillo 1990, pp. 247–297. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAgoncillo1990 (help)
3. Ch'i 1992, p. 157. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCh'i1992 (help)
4. Sun 1996, p. 11. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSun1996 (help)
5. Hicap, Jonathan (September 20, 2020). "South Korea honors Filipino soldiers who fought in Korean War". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
6. Jagel, Matthew. ""Showing Its Flag": The United States, The Philippines, and the Vietnam War" (PDF). Northern Illinois University. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
7. Larsen, Stanley Robert; Collins, James Lawton Jr. (1985). "Chapter III: The Philippine". Allied Participation in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of the Army . Retrieved March 6, 2022.
8. "Defense.gov News Article: Trainers, Advisors Help Philippines Fight Terrorism". Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
9. "Philippines (New Peoples Army) (1972– )" (PDF). Political Economy Research Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
10. Gross, Max L. (2007). A Muslim Archipelago: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia. United States Department of Defense. ISBN   9781932946192.
11. "Defense.gov News Article: Trainers, Advisors Help Philippines Fight Terrorism". Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
12. Philippines to be a key recipient of Australia's New Regional Counter-Terrorism Package – Australian Embassy (archived from the original Archived March 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on September 1, 2007)
13. Wroe, David (June 22, 2017). "RAAF spy planes to join fight against Islamic State in the Philippines". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
14. Malcolm Cook (March 17, 2014). "Peace's Best Chance in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Perspective. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: 7. ISSN   2335-6677. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 18, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
15. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita (2007). Indonesia and the Muslim World: Islam and Secularism in the Foreign Policy of Soeharto and Beyond. NIAS Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN   978-87-91114-92-2. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
16. "Nur Misuari to be repatriated to stand trial". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. December 20, 2001. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
17. Soliman M. Santos (2003). Malaysia's Role in the Peace Negotiations Between the Philippine Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Southeast Asian Conflict Studies Network. ISBN   978-983-2514-38-1. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
18. "Malaysia asks PHL for help in tracking militants with Abu Sayyaf ties". GMA-News. July 6, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
19. "Russia commits support for Philippine counterterrorism efforts". The Philippine Star. February 2, 2019. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
20. "Duterte thanks China for firearms, ammo vs Mautes". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
21. Ivan Molloy (1985). "Revolution in the Philippines – The Question of an Alliance Between Islam and Communism". Asian Survey. 25 (8). University of California: 822–833. doi:10.2307/2644112. JSTOR   2644112.
22. "Philippine Moros miss Gaddafi's support". YouTube . January 2, 2012. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
23. "Khadafy admits aiding Muslim seccesionists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. August 5, 1986. p. 2.
24. Paul J. Smith (September 21, 2004). Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 194–. ISBN   978-0-7656-3626-3. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
25. William Larousse (January 1, 2001). A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines : 1965–2000. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. pp. 151 & 162. ISBN   978-88-7652-879-8. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
26. Michelle Ann Miller (2012). Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 291–. ISBN   978-981-4379-97-7. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
27. Moshe Yegar (2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lexington Books. pp. 256–. ISBN   978-0-7391-0356-2. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
28. Tan, Andrew T/H. (2009). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 230, 238. ISBN   978-1847207180.
29. Isak Svensson (November 27, 2014). International Mediation Bias and Peacemaking: Taking Sides in Civil Wars. Routledge. pp. 69ff. ISBN   978-1-135-10544-0. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
30. "Philippines rebel leader arrested". BBC News. November 25, 2001. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015. Malaysia's Inspector-General of Police Norian Mai said Mr Misuari and six of his followers were arrested at 3.30 am on Saturday (1930 GMT Friday) on Jampiras island off Sabah state. Manila had ordered his arrest on charges of instigating a rebellion after the government suspended his governorship of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao, the ARMM. Although the Philippines has no extradition treaty with Malaysia, the authorities have already made clear that they intend to hand Mr Misuari over to the authorities in Manila as soon as possible. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad had said before the arrest that, although his country had provided support to the rebel group in the past in its bid for autonomy, Mr Misuari had not used his powers correctly. 'Therefore, we no longer feel responsible to provide him with any assistance', he said.
31. "Islamic freedom fighters, Abu Sayyaf next after Maute 'wipeout' – defense chief". The Manila Times. October 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
32. "3 soldiers killed, 11 hurt in Lanao del Sur clash". philstar.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
33. Umel, Richel (February 24, 2016). "Army reports killing 20 'terrorists' in clashes with Lanao Sur armed group". globalnation.inquirer.net. Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
34. Kristine Angeli Sabillo (August 9, 2013). "New al-Qaeda-inspired group eyed in Mindanao blasts—terror expert". Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
35. "Philippines arrests key militants". . BBC News.
36. Cochrane, Joe (May 2006). "Ticking Time Bombs". Newsweek International. MSN. Archived from the original on September 20, 2006.
37. "U.S. Officially Ends Special Operations Task Force in the Philippines, Some Advisors May Remain". February 27, 2015. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2023.
38. "Abu Sayyaf a threat no more". April 5, 2023. Archived from the original on April 26, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2023.
39. "PRRD: BARMM 'realization' of Moro dreams and end armed struggle | PTV News". Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.

External links

• Wars of the Philippines