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History of Russia |
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This is a list of wars and armed conflicts involving Russia and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century.
The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number of wars and armed clashes in various parts of the world: starting from the princely squads, opposing the raids of nomads, and fighting for the expansion of the territory of Kievan Rus'. Following the disintegration of Kievan Rus', the emergence of the Principality of Moscow and then the centralized Russian state saw a period of significant territorial growth of the state centred in Moscow and then St. Petersburg during the 15th to 20th centuries, marked by wars of conquest in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, the world wars of the early 20th century, the proxy wars of the Cold War, and today.
The list includes:
Legends of results:
This is a list of wars involving the Principality of Moscow (1263–1547), also known as Muscovy. [lower-alpha 1]
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1552 | Siege of Kazan ![]() | Tatarstan | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1552–1556 | Tatar Rebellion | Tatarstan | ![]() | Tatar rebels | Victory
|
1554–1557 | Ivan the Terrible's Swedish War | Karelia | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive |
1556 | Russian conquest of Astrakhan | Astrakhan | ![]() | Astrakhan Khanate | Victory
|
1558-1562 | Ivan the Terrible's Livonian Campaign | Livonia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1562-1570 | Russo-Lithuanian War | Northern Europe | ![]() | Polish–Lithuanian union | Victory |
1558–1583 | Livonian War ![]() | Northern Europe | ![]() | Livonian Confederation | Defeat |
1568–1570 | Astrakhan Expedition | Astrakhan and Azov | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1570–1572 | Ivan the Terrible's Crimean War | European Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1580–1762 | Russian conquest of Siberia ![]() | Siberia | ![]()
| Khanate of Sibir (until 1598) Native Siberians | Victory
|
1590–1595 | Boris Godunov's Swedish War | Northern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive
|
1605–1618 | Polish invasions of Russia ![]() | Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive
|
1606–1607 | Bolotnikov Rebellion ![]() | Russia | ![]() | Rebels under Ivan Bolotnikov | Victory
|
1610–1617 | Ingrian War ![]() | Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1632–1634 | Smolensk War | Smolensk | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1651–1653 | Alexis I's Persian War | North Caucasus | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1652–1689 | Sino–Russian border conflicts ![]() | Heilongjiang and Amur | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1654–1667 | First Northern War | Eastern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1656–1658 | Second Northern War ![]() | Northern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive |
1662–1664 | First Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan | ![]() | Bashkir rebels | Inconclusive; political defeat
|
1670–1671 | Razin's Rebellion ![]() | Russia | ![]() | Cossacks under Stepan Razin | Victory
|
1676–1681 | Feodor III's Turkish War | Ukraine | ![]() | ![]() | Indecisive [21] |
1683–1700 | Great Turkish War ![]() | Eastern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1700–1721 | Great Northern War ![]() | Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Victory against Sweden |
Defeat by Turkey | |||||
1704–1711 | Third Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan and Tatarstan | ![]() | Bashkir rebels | Military victory, political defeat
|
1707–1708 | Bulavin Rebellion | Southern Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1717 | Peter the Great's Khivan War | Khanate of Khiva | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat
|
1717–1847 | Kazakh-Russian conflicts | Kazakhstan | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1722–1723 | Persian Expedition of Peter the Great | Caucasus and northern Iran | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1733–1738 | War of the Polish Succession Rhineland | Poland | ![]() ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Indecisive |
1735–1739 | Russo-Austro-Turkish War | Eastern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1735–1740 | Fourth Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan | ![]() | Bashkir rebels | Victory
|
1740–1748 | War of the Austrian Succession | Europe | ![]()
| ![]() | Inconclusive |
Victory against Sweden | |||||
1756–1763 | Seven Years' War ![]() | Europe | ![]() | ![]()
| White peace
|
1768–1769 | Koliivshchyna Rebellion | Ukraine | ![]() | Haidamaky | Victory
|
1768–1772 | War of the Bar Confederation ![]() | Poland | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1768–1774 | Catherine the Great's First Turkish War ![]() | Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Mediterranean | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1773–1775 | Pugachev's Rebellion ![]() | Russia | ![]() | Rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev | Victory
|
1787–1792 | Catherine the Great's Second Turkish War ![]() | Eastern Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1788–1790 | Catherine the Great's Swedish War ![]() | Finland, western Sweden, and the Baltic Sea | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive |
1792 | Catherine the Great's Polish War | Poland | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising | Poland | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1796 | Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great | North Caucasus and South Caucasus | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1799–1802 | War of the Second Coalition ![]() | Europe | ![]()
| ![]() | Withdrawal in 1799
|
1803–1806 | War of the Third Coalition ![]() | Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1804–1813 | Alexander I's Persian War ![]() | North Caucasus, South Caucasus and northern Iran | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1806–1807 | War of the Fourth Coalition ![]() | Eastern and Central Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1806–1812 | Alexander I's Turkish War ![]() | Romania, Moldova, Caucasus and Black Sea | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1807–1812 | Anglo-Russian War | Baltic Sea and Barents Sea | ![]() | ![]() | Inconclusive |
1808–1809 | Finnish War ![]() | Finland and Sweden | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1809 | War of the Fifth Coalition | Central Europe | ![]() | ![]() | Victory (limited involvement) |
1812 | French invasion of Russia ![]() | Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1813–1814 | War of the Sixth Coalition ![]() | Europe | ![]()
| ![]() | Victory |
1815 | War of the Seventh Coalition | Europe | ![]()
| ![]() | Victory |
1817–1864 | Caucasian War ![]() | Caucasus | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1825 | Decembrist revolt ![]() | Saint Petersburg | ![]() | Decembrist rebels | Victory
|
1826–1828 | Nicholas I's Persian War ![]() | South Caucasus and northern Iran | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1827 | Battle of Navarino
![]() | Greece | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1828–1829 | Nicholas I's Turkish War ![]() | Balkans and Caucasus | ![]() | ![]() | Victory |
1830–1831 | November uprising ![]() | Poland | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1839–1841 | Second Turko-Egyptian War | Syria and Lebanon | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1839–1895 | Russian conquest of Central Asia ![]() | Central Asia | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1841 | Gurian rebellion | Georgia | ![]() | Gurian rebels | Victory
|
1842 | Shoorcha rebellion | Tatarstan and Ulyanovsk | ![]() | Tatar, Mari and Chuvash peasants | Victory
|
1848–1849 | Hungarian Revolution of 1848 ![]() | Hungary | ![]()
| ![]()
| Victory
|
1853–1856 | Crimean War ![]() | Crimea, Balkans, Caucasus, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea and Far East | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1858 | Mahtra Rebellion | Estonia | ![]() | Estonian peasants | Victory
|
1861 | Bezdna Revolt | Tatarstan | ![]() | Peasants | Victory
|
1863–1864 | January uprising ![]() | Poland | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1866 | Polish rebellion in Siberia | Siberia | ![]() | Polish political exiles | Victory
|
1877–1878 | Russo-Turkish War ![]() | Balkans and Caucasus | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1897–1898 | Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) | Crete | ![]() | ![]() | Victory
|
1899–1901 | Boxer Rebellion ![]() | China | Eight-Nation Alliance:
| ![]() | Victory |
1902–1906 | Rebellion in Guria | Georgia | ![]() | Gurian Republic | Victory
|
1904–1905 | Russo-Japanese War ![]() | Manchuria, Korean Peninsula and Yellow Sea | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat |
1905–1907 | Russian Revolution of 1905 ![]() | Russia | ![]() | ![]() Supported by: | Victory
|
1905–1911 | Persian Constitutional Revolution ![]() | Iran | ![]()
| Iranian constitutionalists | Victory
|
1914–1917 | World War I ![]() ![]() ![]() | Europe and Asia | Allied Powers:
| Central Powers: | Defeat [22] [23] Allied Victory (without Russia)
|
1917 | February Revolution | Russia | ![]() | ![]() | Defeat
|
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1917 | October Revolution | Russia | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Defeat
|
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1916–1934 | Central Asian Revolt ![]() | Central Asia | ![]()
| ![]() | Victory
|
This is a list of wars involving the Soviet Union (30 December 1922 – 26 December 1991).
Vasily II Vasilyevich, nicknamed the Blind or the Dark (Тёмный), was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1425 until his death in 1462.
Vladimir-Suzdal, formally known as the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal or Grand Principality of Vladimir (1157–1331), also as Suzdalia or Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', was one of the major principalities emerging from Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand principality divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of the principality, however, was prescribed by a jarlig issued from the Golden Horde to a Rurikid sovereign.
The Great Stand on the Ugra River or the Standing on the Ugra River, also known as the Battle of the Ugra, was a standoff in 1480 on the banks of the Ugra River between the forces of Akhmat Khan of the Great Horde, and Grand Prince Ivan III of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
The Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars were a series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, allied with the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which was later unified with other Russian principalities to eventually become the Tsardom of Russia. After several defeats at the hands of Ivan III and Vasily III, the Lithuanians were increasingly reliant on Polish aid, which eventually became an important factor in the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Before the first series of wars in the 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania controlled vast stretches of Eastern European land, from Kiev to Mozhaysk, following the collapse of Kievan Rus' after the Mongol invasions. Over the course of the wars, particularly in the 16th century, the Muscovites expanded their domain westwards, taking control of many principalities.
The Prince of Moscow, later known as the Grand Prince of Moscow, was the title of the ruler of the Principality of Moscow, initially a part of the grand principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. By the late 14th century, the grand principality was inherited by the prince of Moscow; the monarch bore the title of grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow and later the title of grand prince of Vladimir, Moscow and all Russia.
The Principality of Moscow or Grand Duchy of Moscow, also known simply as Muscovy, was a principality of the Late Middle Ages centered on Moscow. It eventually evolved into the Tsardom of Russia in the early modern period. The princes of Moscow were descendants of the first prince Daniel, referred to in modern historiography as the Daniilovichi, a branch of the Rurikids.
The Battle of Kulikovo was fought between the forces of Mamai and Russian forces led by Grand Prince Dmitry of Moscow. The battle took place on 8 September 1380, at Kulikovo Field near the Don River and was won by Dmitry, who became known as Donskoy after the battle.
The Muscovite War of Succession, or Muscovite Civil War, was a war of succession in the Grand Duchy of Moscow (Muscovy) from 1425 to 1453. The two warring parties were Vasily II, the son of the previous Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily I, and on the other hand his uncle, Yury Dmitrievich, the Prince of Zvenigorod, and the sons of Yuri Dmitrievich, Vasily Kosoy and Dmitry Shemyaka. In the intermediate stage, the party of Yury conquered Moscow, but in the end, Vasily II regained his crown.
The Prince of Vladimir, from 1186 Grand Prince of Vladimir, also translated as Grand Duke of Vladimir, was the title of the monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal. The title was passed to the prince of Moscow in 1389.
The Principality of Tver was a principality which existed between the 13th and the 15th centuries with its capital in Tver. It was one of the states established after the decay of the Kievan Rus'. During the 14th century, Tver rivaled the Principality of Moscow with the aim to become the center of the united Russian state. Eventually it lost, decayed, and in 1485, it was annexed by Moscow. The principality was located approximately in the area currently occupied by Tver Oblast and the eastern part of Smolensk Oblast in Russia.
Monomakhovichi or House of Monomakh was a major princely branch of the Rurikid dynasty, descendants of which managed to inherit many princely titles which originated in Kievan Rus'. The progenitor of the house is Vladimir II Monomakh. The name derived from the grandfather of Vladimir, Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos of the Monomachos family.
The Great Troubles, also known as the Golden Horde Dynastic War, was a war of succession in the Golden Horde from 1359 to 1381.