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The following is a list of major conflicts fought by Ukraine, by Ukrainian people or by regular armies during periods when independent states existed on the modern territory of Ukraine, from the Kievan Rus' times to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Ukraine by Ukrainian military.
Kievan Rus' is considered the first Ukrainian state (together with Belarus and Russia), the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (Ruthenia) its political successor, and after the period of domination by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth the Cossack states (the Cossack Hetmanate and the Zaporozhian Sich). [1] The Ukrainian Cossacks were also related to the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, having many conflicts with them. By the late 18th century, Ukraine didn't have independent states anymore, because it was ruled by the more powerful states of the time, namely the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire. [2] [3] There were several internal armed conflicts between various Ukrainian ideological factions (sometimes with foreign support) in the first half of the 20th century (especially during the 1917–1921 Ukrainian War of Independence and the 1939–1945 Second World War), but modern Ukrainian militaries (since 1917) have been mostly fighting with armies of neighbouring states, such as the Russian Provisional Government (Kiev Bolshevik Uprising November 1917), the Russian SFSR (Ukrainian War of Independence 1917–1921), the Second Polish Republic (Polish–Ukrainian War 1918–1919), Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (Second World War and post-War resistance), [1] and since 2014, the Russian Federation (Russo-Ukrainian War).
Ukrainian victory Ukrainian defeat Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result) Ongoing conflict
This is a list of wars involving Kievan Rus' (c. 9th century–1240). [lower-alpha 1] These wars involved Kievan Rus' (also known as Kyivan Rus' [8] ) as a whole, or some of its principalities [lower-alpha 2] up to 1240. [lower-alpha 3]
Following the end of Kievan Rus' in 1240, it split into many Rus' principalities. The Principality, later Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (Ruthenia) would control most of the territory of modern Ukraine for a century, after which the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Crown of the Kingdom of Poland would dominate the region.
This section contains list of wars involving Zaporozhian Cossacks (including Danubian Sich) and Cossack Hetmanate (both of right-bank and left-bank).
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1602 | Raid on Kiliya | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1606 | Raid on Kiliya and Akkerman | Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Hryhoriy Izapovych | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1607 | Raid on Ochakiv | Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1608 | Raid on Perekop | Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Petro Sahaidachny | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1609 | Raid on Kiliya, Izmayil and Akkerman | Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Petro Sahaidachny | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1613 | Raid on Northern Turkey | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1614 | Raid on Trabzon and Sinop in Northern Turkey | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1615 | Raid on Constantinople | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
1616 | Raid on Kafa in Crimea, Trabzon and Sinop in Northern Turkey | Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Petro Sahaidachny | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Victory |
1617 | Raid on Constantinople | Zaporozhian Cossacks | Ottoman Empire | Victory |
This section contains list of wars involving different Ukrainian states de facto existed between 1917 and 1922 (Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukrainian State, Western Ukrainian People's Republic, Hutsul Republic, Komancza Republic) and other Ukrainian anti-bolshevik state formations (Kuban People's Republic, Makhnovshchina, Ukrainian Republic of the Far East).
In 1922, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was incorporated into the Soviet Union. No major armed conflicts on Soviet Ukrainian territory would take place until 1939, although Ukrainian 'national units' would be used as national military formations of the Red Army until 1934 and, as such, fight in Soviet armed conflicts elsewhere in the world. Also, as a response to the collectivization, various peasant rebellions took place in 1929-1933 across the Soviet Union, including Ukraine, which were suppressed by the Soviet authorities. [35] The western areas of Ukraine (including most of the former West Ukrainian People's Republic's claimed territories) that were annexed by the Second Polish Republic similarly saw no fighting in the interwar period until 1939, although some small and brief armed conflicts did occur elsewhere in Poland in this period.
This section contains only military activity of non-Soviet and non-Nazi Ukrainian organizations.
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2014–present | Russo-Ukrainian War: | Ukraine | Russia In Donbas: Supported by: | Ongoing |
Mission | Start-date | End-date | Location | Troops (regular) |
---|---|---|---|---|
UNPROFOR | 1992 | 1995 | Yugoslavia | 1,303 |
UNMOT | 1994 | 2000 | Tajikistan | 21 |
UNMIBH | 1995 | 1999 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 400 |
UNPREDEP | 1995 | 1999 | Macedonia | 1 |
UNTAES | 1996 | 1998 | Croatia (Slavonija) | 511 |
MONUA | 1996 | 1999 | Angola | 216 |
UNMOP | 1996 | 2002 | Croatia Yugoslavia (Prevlaka) | 2 |
MINUGUA | 1997 | 1997 | Guatemala | 8 |
Ukraine Diplomatic Support in Transnistria | 1990 | 1992 | Transnistria | 0 |
UNOMIG | 1999 | 2005 | Georgia | 530 |
UNIFIL | 2000 | 2006 | Lebanon | 650 |
ISAF | 2000 | 2001 | Afghanistan | 1 |
UNAMSIL | 2001 | 2005 | Sierra Leone | 530 |
UNIKOM | 2003 | 2003 | Kuwait | 448 |
UNMIL | 2003 | 2018 | Liberia | 275 |
UNMEE | 2004 | 2008 | Ethiopia Eritrea | 7 |
MNF-I [lower-alpha 6] | 2005 | 2008 | Iraq | 1,660 |
UNOMIG | 2008 | 2009 | Georgia | 37 |
UNOCI | 2011 | 2017 | Côte d'Ivoire | 1,303 |
Mission | Start-date | End-date | Location | Troops (regular) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kosovo Force | 1999 | 2022 (August 3) [36] | Kosovo | 40 |
MONUSCO | 2000 | 2022 (September 18) [37] | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 250 |
UNMISS | 2012 | 2022 (April) [38] | South Sudan | 28 [39] |
MINUSMA | 2019 | 2022 (March) [38] | Mali | 20 |
The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered much of Kievan Rus' in the mid-13th century, sacking numerous cities including the largest such as Kiev and Chernigov. The Mongol siege and sack of Kiev in 1240 is generally held to mark the end of Kievan Rus' as a distinct, singular polity. Many other Rus' principalities and urban centres in the northwest and southwest escaped destruction or suffered little to no damage from the Mongol invasion, including Galicia-Volhynia, Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk, Polotsk, Vitebsk, and probably Rostov and Uglich.
Vladimir-Suzdal, formally known as the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal or Grand Principality of Vladimir (1157–1331), also as Suzdalia or Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', was one of the major principalities emerging from Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand principality divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of the principality, however, was prescribed by a jarlig issued from the Golden Horde to a Rurikid sovereign.
Yuri I Vladimirovich, commonly known as Yuri Dolgorukiy or the Long Arm, was a Monomakhovichi prince of Rostov and Suzdal, acquiring the name Suzdalia during his reign. Noted for successfully curbing the privileges of the landowning boyar class in Rostov-Suzdal and his ambitious building programme, Yuri transformed this principality into the independent power that would evolve into early modern Muscovy. Yuri Dolgorukiy was the progenitor of the Yurievichi, a branch of the Monomakhovichi.
The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, historically known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia, was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349. Its territory was predominantly located in modern-day Ukraine, with parts in Belarus, Poland, Moldova, and Lithuania. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'. The main language was Old East Slavic, the predecessor of the modern East Slavic languages, and the official religion was Eastern Orthodoxy.
The modern administrative-territorial structure of Russia is a system of territorial organization which is a product of a centuries-long evolution and reforms.
The Volhynians were an East Slavic tribe of the Early Middle Ages and the Principality of Volhynia in 987–1199.
The inner Principality of Kiev was a medieval East Slavic state, situated in central regions of modern Ukraine around the city of Kiev.
The history of Ukrainian nationality can be traced back to the kingdom of Kievan Rus' of the 9th to 12th centuries. It was the predecessor state to what would eventually become the Eastern Slavic nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. During this time, Eastern Orthodoxy, a defining feature of Ukrainian nationalism, was incorporated into everyday life.
The Principality of Novgorod-Seversk or Novhorod-Siversk was a medieval Rus' principality centered on the town now called Novhorod-Siverskyi. The principality emerged after the central power of Kievan Rus' declined in the late 11th century, and Sviatoslav Olgovich managed to establish a local dynasty, the Olgovichi, as a branch of the Rurikid house. Novgorod-Seversk was originally a subdivision of the Principality of Chernigov, and would go on to include territories that were earlier part of Chernigov and the Principality of Pereyaslavl.
The Council of Liubech was one of the best documented princely meetings in Kievan Rus' that took place in Liubech on October 19, 1097. The council ended the Chernihiv war of succession (1093–1097) between Sviatopolk II of Kiev, Vladimir II Monomakh and Oleg I of Chernigov who fought for the heritage of his father Sviatoslav II of Kiev.
Rus or RUS may refer to:
Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus', was a state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century. The name was coined by Russian historians in the 19th century. Encompassing a variety of polities and peoples, including East Slavic, Norse, and Finnic, it was ruled by the Rurik dynasty, founded by the Varangian prince Rurik. The modern nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestor, with Belarus and Russia deriving their names from it, and the name Kievan Rus' derived from what is now the capital of Ukraine. At its greatest extent in the mid-11th century, Kievan Rus' stretched from the White Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from the headwaters of the Vistula in the west to the Taman Peninsula in the east, uniting the East Slavic tribes.
The Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikid or Riurikid dynasty, as well as simply Rurikids or Riurikids, was a noble lineage allegedly founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, who, according to tradition, established himself at Novgorod in the year 862. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities following its disintegration.
The Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' was a metropolis of the Eastern Orthodox Church that was erected on the territory of Kievan Rus'. It existed between 988 AD and 1596 AD. Canonically, it was under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The episcopal seat (cathedra) was located in the city of Kiev.
The Mongol siege, capture and sack of Chernigov, capital of the Chernigov Principality, occurred on 18 October 1239 during the westward expansion of the Mongol Empire. It was part of the 1237–1242 Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.
The sack of Kiev took place on 8–12 March 1169 when a coalition of 11 princes, assembled by prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal, attacked the Kievan Rus' capital city of Kiev during the 1167–1169 Kievan succession crisis. The conflict, caused by the death of grand prince Rostislav I of Kiev, was between rival branches of the Monomakhovichi clan: the Iziaslavichi of Volhynia on the one hand, and the Rostislavichi of Smolensk, the Yurievichi, and the Olgovichi of Chernigov on the other. Prince Mstislav II of Kiev sought to defend Kiev against the Rostislavichi–Yurievichi–Olgovichi coalition.
When Vsevold died in 1212 he divided his territories among his sons, the largest portion going to the second oldest, Iuri. Immediately the sons began to war amongst themselves, each striving to achieve a more favorable position and lands which contributed to the decline of the Suzdal-Vladimir principality.