This is a list of wars and humanitarian conflicts involving the Republic of Belarus and its predecessor states (Principality of Polotsk, Grand Duchy of Lithuania,Belarusian People's Republic, Byelorussian SSR). Notable militarised interstate disputes are included.
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Lithuania and/or its Allies |
---|---|---|---|
Galicia–Volhynia Wars (1340–1392) | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Golden Horde | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Masovia | Galicia–Volhynia divided between Poland and Lithuania |
Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372) | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Tver | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian retreat (Treaty of Lyubutsk) |
Lithuanian war of succession (1377–1387) | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Jogaila | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Andrei of Polotsk | Jogaila victory |
Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) | Duchy of Samogitia Kęstutis Vytautas | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Jogaila Skirgaila | Temporary reconciliation |
Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392) | Duchy of Samogitia | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Ostrów Agreement |
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Lithuania and/or its Allies |
---|---|---|---|---|
1409–1411 | Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Order | Peace of Thorn (1411) |
1414 | Hunger War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Order | Mediation at the Council of Constance |
1422 | Gollub War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Moldavia | Teutonic Order | Victory |
1431–1435 | Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Order | Victory (Peace of Brześć Kujawski) |
1432–1438 | Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438) | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Grand Duchy of Rus Teutonic Order Livonian Order Golden Horde Principality of Moldavia | Svitrigaila's defeat |
1487–1494 | Lithuanian–Muscovite War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Golden Horde | Grand Duchy of Moscow Crimean Khanate | Eternal Peace (1494) |
1492–1537 | Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow |
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result for Lithuania and/or its Allies |
---|---|---|---|---|
1508 | Glinski Rebellion | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Glinski supporters | Government's victory |
1524 | Ottoman-Tatar invasion of Lithuania and Poland | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland | Ottoman-Tatars | |
1561–1570 | Northern Seven Years' War | Polish–Lithuanian union Free City of Lübeck Denmark–Norway | Kingdom of Sweden | Treaty of Stettin (1570) |
Conflict | Belarus & allies | Belarus's opposition | Result |
---|---|---|---|
World War I/Russian Civil War (1918) | Belarusian People's Republic Germany | Bolsheviks | Belarusian People's Republic exiled |
Slutsk uprising (1920) | Nationalist forces loyal to the Belarusian People's Republic | Russian SFSR Byelorussian SSR | Rebellion suppressed |
Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921) | Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom | Second Polish Republic Ukrainian People's Republic | Defeat: |
Conflict | Belarus & allies | Belarus's opposition | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Polish-Belarusian ethnic conflict (1939—1954) | Byelorussian SSR Belarusian Collaborators | Polish people Home Army Cursed soldiers | Both Sides Claimed victory |
World War II (1941–1944) | Soviet Union | Nazi Germany | Victory:
|
Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) | Soviet Union | Afghan Mujahideen |
|
Conflict | Belarus & allies | Belarus's opposition | Result |
---|---|---|---|
First Ivorian Civil War (2002—2007) | Ivory Coast COJEP Belarus (limited military support and mercenaries) | FNCI | Tentative peace agreement, followed by renewed conflict |
First Libyan Civil War (2011) | Libyan Jamahiriya Belarus: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
| Anti-Gaddafi forces Qatar Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973: Other countries | Defeat:
|
Russo-Ukrainian War (2022–present) | Russian Federation Belarus (provision of territory) Donetsk People's Republic Luhansk People's Republic | Ukraine | Ongoing:
|
Lists of wars and battles involving former states on what is now Belarus:
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Covering an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) and with a population of 9.1 million, Belarus is the 13th-largest and the 20th-most populous country in Europe. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into six regions. Minsk is the capital and largest city; it is administered separately as a city with special status.
The Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus are the military forces of Belarus. It consists of the Ground Forces and the Air Force and Air Defence Forces, all under the command of the Ministry of Defence. As a landlocked country, Belarus has no navy, however the Belarusian military does have control over some small Soviet inherited naval vessels in its rivers and lakes.
The Byelorussian SSR was one of only two Soviet republics to be separate members of the United Nations. Both republics and the Soviet Union joined the UN when the organization was founded in 1945.
Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
The lands of Belarus during the Middle Ages became part of Kievan Rus' and were split between different regional principalities, including Polotsk, Turov, Vitebsk, and others. Following the Mongol invasions of the 13th century, these lands were absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which later was merged into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century.
Minsk is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region and Minsk District. As of 2024, it has a population of about two million, making Minsk the 11th-most populous city in Europe. Minsk is one of the administrative capitals of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko is a Belarusian politician who has been the president of Belarus since the office's establishment in 1994. This makes him the longest-serving European president.
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Byelorussia, Belorussia, Belarusian SSR, Soviet Belarus, or simply Belarus, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1991 as one of fifteen constituent republics of the USSR, with its legislation from 1990 to 1991. The republic was ruled by the Communist Party of Byelorussia and was also referred to as Soviet Byelorussia or Soviet Belarus by some historians. Other names for Byelorussia included White Russia or White Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Belarus elects on national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 110 members elected in single-seat constituencies elected for a four-year term. The Council of the Republic has 64 members, 56 members indirectly elected and eight members appointed by the president.
Mir is an urban-type settlement in Karelichy District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It is situated on the banks of Miranka River, about 85 kilometres (53 mi) southwest of the capital, Minsk. As of 2024, it has a population of 2,238.
Belarus and Russia share a land border and constitute the supranational Union State. Several treaties have been concluded between the two nations bilaterally. Russia is Belarus' largest and most important economic and political partner. Both are members of various international organizations, including the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the United Nations.
Belarus and Israel established diplomatic relations in 1992. In 1947, Belarus voted in favor for the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. Belarus operates an embassy in Tel Aviv, while Israel operates an embassy in Minsk. Around 130,000 Belarusian citizens immigrated to Israel during the 1990s under the Law of Return.
The Belarusian opposition consists of groups and individuals in Belarus seeking to challenge, from 1988 to 1991, the authorities of Soviet Belarus, and since 1995, the leader of the country Alexander Lukashenko, whom supporters of the movement often consider to be a dictator. Supporters of the movement tend to call for a parliamentary democracy based on a Western model, with freedom of speech and political and religious pluralism.
The 5th Spetsnaz Brigade is a special forces brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus, formerly part of the Soviet Spetsnaz GRU.
Lev Leonidovich Dengov is a Russian-Belarusian entrepreneur and businessman. Chairman of the Board of the Russian-Libyan Trade House.
The architecture of Belarus spans a variety of historical periods and styles and reflects the complex history, geography, religion and identity of the country. Several buildings in Belarus have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in recognition of their cultural heritage, and others have been placed on the tentative list.
Belarus, a close ally of Russia, has supported its eastern neighbour in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Before the start of the offensive, Belarus allowed the Russian Armed Forces to perform weeks-long military drills on its territory; however, the Russian troops did not exit the country after they were supposed to finish. Belarus allowed Russia to stage part of the invasion from its territory, giving Russia the shortest possible land route to Ukraine's capital, Kyiv. However, these forces withdrew within two months, thus ceasing land-based military operations originating from Belarus and resulting in the recapture of the Ukrainian side of the border region by Ukraine. Despite this, the situation along the border remains tense, with Ukraine closing the border checkpoints leading into Belarus, bar special cases.
The Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment, formerly the Kastuś Kalinoŭski Battalion until May 2022 is a group of Belarusian opposition volunteers, which was formed to defend Ukraine against the Russian invasion in 2022.