List of wars involving Austria

Last updated

This article is an incomplete list of wars and conflicts involving Austria.

Contents

  Victory
  Defeat
  Another result
  Ongoing
DateName of ConflictAlliesEnemiesOutcome
170 Battle of Carnuntum Roman Empire Germanic victory
10/12 August 943 Battle of Wels (part of Hungarian invasions of Europe) East Francia Principality of Hungary Bavarian–Carantanian victory

Margraviate of Austria (976–1156)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerentsOutcome
AlliesEnemies
976978 War of the Three Henries (976–978) Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire Armoiries Baviere.svg Duchy of Bavaria Bavarian defeat
  • Birth of Austria, Leopold I becomes Margrave of Austria
10151015 Bolesław I's first invasion of the Austria Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire POL Przemysl II 1295 COA.svg Duchy of Poland Victory
  • Polish invasion of Austria fails
10171017 Bolesław I's second invasion of the Austria Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire POL Przemysl II 1295 COA.svg Duchy of Poland Victory
  • Polish invasion of Austria fails
10301031 Conrad II's invasion of Hungary Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire Coat of arms of the Arpad dynasty of Hungary (c. 855-1301).svg Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
10401041 Henry III's invasion of Bohemia Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire Premyslovci erb.svg Duchy of Bohemia Victory
10421044 Henry III's invasion of Hungary Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire
Coat of arms of the Arpad dynasty of Hungary (c. 855-1301).svg Peter Orseolo's Hungary
Coat of arms of the Arpad dynasty of Hungary (c. 855-1301).svg Samuel Aba's Hungary Victory
29 June 107327 October 1075 Saxon Rebellion Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg Duchy of Saxony Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
12 May 108212 May 1082 Battle of Mailberg Altosterreich Adalbert Babenberger Stammbaum.svg Margraviate of Austria
  • County of Bogen
Erb Premyslovcu.png Duchy of Bohemia Defeat
11 September 114611 September 1146 Battle of the Fischa Armoiries Baviere.svg Duchy of Bavaria
Coa Hungary Country History Bela III (1172-1196).svg Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
11471150 Second Crusade Defeat

Duchy of Austria (1156–1453)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerentsOutcomeNotable battles
AlliesEnemies
11 May 11892 September 1192 Third Crusade Victory
22 September 11971 July 1198 Crusade of 1197 Ayyubids Victory
July 1209April 12, 1229 Albigensian Crusade

Kingdom of England

Victory
12171221 Fifth Crusade Crusaders:

Levant:

Military orders:

Muslim forces:Defeat
  • Ayyubid victory
12171274 Prussian Crusade

Crusaders:

Baltic pagans:

Allies of Prussians:

Victory
  • Teutonic Knights gain control of Prussia
12411242 Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire Golden Horde flag 1339.svg Golden Horde Victory
15 June 124615 June 1246 Austrian-Hungarian War (1246–1254) Duchy of Austria Kingdom of Hungary Victory
July 126031 March 1261 War of Styria Victory
  • Peace of Vienna
26 August 127826 August 1278 Habsburg–Přemyslid War

Mercenaries:

Victory
12911474/1511 Swiss-Habsburg war Blason DE saint empire (une tete).svg Holy Roman Empire Early Swiss cross.svg Old Swiss Confederacy Defeat
2 July 12982 July 1298 Battle of Göllheim Duchy of Austria
Kingdom of Bohemia
County of Nassau
Electoral Palatinate
Victory
31 May 130731 May 1307 Battle of Lucka Holy Roman Empire Margraviate of Meissen Defeat
9 November 13139 November 1313 Battle of Gammelsdorf Duchy of Austria Duchy of Bavaria Defeat
15 November 131515 November 1315 Battle of Morgarten Duchy of Austria Forest Cantons (Swiss Confederacy):
Defeat
28 September 132228 September 1322 Battle of Mühldorf Duchy of Austria
Duchy of Carinthia
Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
Bishopric of Passau
Duchy of (Upper) Bavaria
Kingdom of Bohemia
Burgraviate of Nuremberg
Defeat
9 July 13639 July 1369 Bavarian invasion of Tyrol (1363-1369)  [ de ] Wappen Erzbistum Salzburg.png Archbishopric of Salzburg Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg Duchy of (Upper) Bavaria

Flag of Milan (1171).svg Commune of Milan

Victory
9 July 13869 July 1386 Battle of Sempach Duchy of Austria Old Swiss Confederacy Defeat
9 April 13889 April 1388 Battle of Näfels Flag of Austria (1-1).svg Duchy of Austria Ch-1422a.png Old Swiss Confederacy Defeat
14011429 Appenzell Wars Abbey of Saint Gall

Diocese of Konstanz Diocese of Augsburg Counts of Toggenburg Knights of Saint George

Apenzell

St. Gallen Canton of Schwyz

Stalemate
30 July 141930 May 1434 Hussite Wars Crusaders and Catholic loyalists:
Hungary-Croatia [a]

Holy Roman Empire (also German Kingdom [c] )

Teutonic Order
Order of Rhodes
Papal States
England [f]
Serbia
Poland [g]
Allies:
Moderate Hussite faction (since 1423)


Splitted taborite group:
Radical Picards/Neo-Adamites [h]

Bohemia & Moravia:
Hussite movement [i] (1419–20)
Hussite Bohemia [j] (1420–23)

Moravian Hussites

Radical Hussite faction (1423–34)

Allies:
Lithuania [o]
Supported by:
Poland


Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia (1433):
Poland
Pomerania-Stolp
Orphans as mercenaries


Poland:
Polish Hussites

Victory
  • Compromise between moderate Hussites and the Catholic Church; both join forces to fight the radical Hussites
  • The moderate Hussites are recognized by the Catholic Church and allowed to practice their own rite
  • The radical Hussites are defeated, and their rites forbidden
  • Sigismund of Luxembourg becomes King of Bohemia
  • The Basel Compacts, signed by Emperor Sigismund and Catholic and Hussite representatives, effectively end the Hussite Wars
2 November 144012 June 1446 Old Zürich War Imperial City of Zurich
Habsburg Further Austria
France
Old Swiss Confederacy:

Vogteien of Appenzell

Victory

Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding Austria, mentioned as a state of the Holy Roman Empire)OutcomeNotable battles
AlliesEnemies
14581465Inner Austrian War Albert VI, Archduke of Austria
Blason Boheme.svg Kingdom of Bohemia
Victory
4 March 1459April 1462Austrian–Hungarian War (1459–62) Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
26 July 146827 August 1468 Waldshuter war Early Swiss cross.svg Old Swiss Confederacy Defeat
1 February 1469October 1469 Baumkircher feud  [ de ]Supporters of Andreas Baumkircher  [ de ]Victory
14745 January 1477 Burgundian Wars Early Swiss cross.svg Old Swiss Confederacy
Flag of Lorraine.svg Duchy of Lorraine
Upper Alsace [1]
Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg Burgundian State
Flag of Savoie.svg Duchy of Savoy
Victory
19 August 147723 December 1482 War of the Burgundian Succession Burgundy-Habsburg :
Bandera de Borgona.svg Burgundian State

Valois-Orléans :
Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France

Austrian military victory
French diplomatic victory
  • Treaty of Arras (1482)
  • France annexes several Burgundian territories, including the two Burgundies and Picardian counties.
14771488 Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–88) Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
  • The Black Army captures Vienna
2 February 14781478 Carinthian Peasant Revolt Flag of Austria.svg Austria Carinthian Peasants League

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire

Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
5 June 1483June 1485 Flemish revolt of 1483–1485 Flemish rebelsVictory
  • Rebellion suppressed
June 148622 July 1489 Mad War

Rebellious nobles

Supported by:

France Defeat
14871487 Battle of Calliano (1487) Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Bishopric of Trent
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg County of Tyrol
Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice Victory
November 14871492 Flemish revolt of 1487–1492 Victory
14907 November 1491Austrian–Hungarian War (1490–91) Holy Roman Empire Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg Kingdom of Hungary Victory
14911492 Bread and Cheese Revolt Bread and Cheese FolkVictory
14941495 Italian War of 1494–1495 1494:
Bandera de Napoles - Trastamara.svg Kingdom of Naples
1495:
League of Venice
Pala Pesaro flag.svg Papal States
Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice
Bandera de Napoles - Trastamara.svg Kingdom of Naples
Pendon heraldico de los Reyes Catolicos de 1475-1492.svg Kingdoms of Spain
Flag of the Duchy of Milan.png Duchy of Milan
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Florence.svg Republic of Florence

Flag of England.svg England (1496–98)
Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg Margraviate of Mantua
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa

Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France

Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg Duchy of Milan (before 1495)
Arms of the house of Este (5).svg Duchy of Ferrara (officially neutral)

Victory
20 January 149922 September 1499 Swabian War Flag of the Swabian League.svg Swabian League


Forces of the Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

Early Swiss cross.svg Old Swiss Confederacy


Flag of Canton of Graubunden.svg Three Leagues of the Grisons

Defeat
15021543 Guelders Wars Habsburg Netherlands Duchy of Guelders Victory
150519 July 1506Austrian–Hungarian War (1505–06) Holy Roman Empire Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
  • Treaty of Vienna (1506)
February 15084 December 1516 War of the League of Cambrai 1508–1510: League of Cambrai:1511–1513: Holy League:1513–1516:1508–1510:
1513–1516:
Defeat
15151515 Slovene peasant revolt of 1515 Slovenian rebelsVictory
15151523 Arumer Zwarte Hoop Habsburg Netherlands Arumer Zwarte Hoop

Charles II, Duke of Guelders

Victory
152114 January 1526 Italian War of 1521–26 Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of England.svg  England
Flag of the Papal States, ca. 1523.svg Papal States (1521–1523 and 1525–1526)
Pavillon royal de la France.svg  France

Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice
Flag of the Papal States, ca. 1523.svg Papal States (1524–1525)
Arms of the house of Del Vasto.svg Marquisate of Saluzzo

Victory
16 April 152025 October 1521 Revolt of the Comuneros Royalist Castilians Comuneros rebels Victory
15241525 German Peasants' War Peasants' armyVictory
  • Suppression of revolt and execution of its participants, as well as a major influence on the Anabaptist movement
22 May 152610 August 1530 War of the League of Cognac Pro-Habsburg:League of Cognac:Victory
17 December 152622 July 1533 Ottoman-Habsburg War (1526–1533) Holy Roman Empire

Royal Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Spanish Empire
Papal States

Ottoman Empire
John Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom
Kingdom of France
Defeat
  • Hungary was divided into larger Ottoman and smaller Habsburg spheres of influence, as well as a semi-independent Hungarian vassal state of Transylvania.
June 1535June 1535 Conquest of Tunis (1535) Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spanish Empire

Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Kingdom of Portugal
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Knights of Malta

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Victory
March 153618 June 1538 Italian War of 1536–38 Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire
Defeat
May 153619 June 1547 Ottoman-Habsburg War (1536–1547) Holy Roman Empire

Royal Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Spanish Empire
Papal States

Ottoman Empire
John Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom
Kingdom of France
Defeat
October 1539November 1540 Revolt of Ghent (1539–1540) Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire Ghent rebelsVictory
October 1541November 1541 Algiers expedition (1541)

Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V:

Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Order of Saint John
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Kingdom of Kuku [6]

Flag of Algiers.jpg Regency of Algiers Defeat
12 July 154218 September 1544 Italian War of 1542–46 Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of England.svg Kingdom of England
Pavillon royal de la France.svg  France

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire
Armoiries Guillaume de Cleves-less fancy.svg Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Inconclusive
  • Treaty of Crépy
10 July 154623 May 1547 Schmalkaldic War Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V: Schmalkaldic League Victory
January 1547July 1547 The Estates Revolt in Bohemia in 1547 Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V Bohemian rebelsVictory
15511559 Italian War of 1551–1559 Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V:

Flag of England.svg  England

Pavillon royal de la France.svg  France

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire

Victory
155127 November 1562 Ottoman-Habsburg War (1551–1562) Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire
Pavillon royal de la France.svg  France
Defeat
  • Treaty of Frankfurt (1562)
156617 February 1568 Ottoman-Habsburg War (1566–1568) Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg Ottoman Empire Defeat
23 May 156830 January 1648 Eighty Years' War Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Statenvlag.svg United Provinces
Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France Flag of England.svg  England
Defeat
15731573 Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt Coa Croatia Country History (Fojnica Armorial).svg Kingdom of Croatia Croatian and Slovenian rebelsVictory
22 August 15879 March 1589 War of the Polish Succession (1587–88) Supporters of Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria Supporters of Sigismund III Vasa Defeat
29 July 159311 November 1606 Long Turkish War Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Coat of arms of Transylvania.svg Transylvania
Flag of Wallachia.svg Wallachia
Flag of Moldavia.svg Moldavia
Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Zaporozhian Host
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Serbian rebels
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg  Venice
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg  Saxony
Medici Flag of Tuscany.png Tuscany
Flag of Shah Tahmasp I.svg Persia
Cross Order of Saint Stephanus.svg Knights of St. Stephen
Bulgarian rebels
Coat of arms of the House of Este (1471).svg Duchy of Ferrara
Arms of Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua.svg Duchy of Mantua
Flag of Savoie.svg Duchy of Savoy
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire
Nogai Khanate
Inconclusive
10 June 160924 October 1610 War of the Jülich Succession Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Straatsburg-Bistum.PNG Principality of Strasbourg
Prince-Bishopric of Liège
Catholic League

Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain

Brandenburg Wappen.svg Margraviate of Brandenburg
DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg Palatinate-Neuburg
Statenvlag.svg United Provinces
Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France
Protestant Union
Defeat
July 1612September 1614 Rappenkrieg Peasant rebelsVictory
  • Rebellion suppressed
January 161626 September 1617 Uskok War Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain

Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice

Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of England.svg  England

Defeat
23 May 161824 October 1648 Thirty Years' War Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of New Spain.svg Spain and its possessions
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark-Norway (1643–1645)

Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden

Royal Standard of the King of France.svg  France
Flag of Bohemia.svg Bohemia
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark-Norway (1625–1629)
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg  Saxony
Statenvlag.svg United Provinces
Palatinate Arms.svg Electorate of the Palatinate
Coat of arms of Brunswick-Luneburg.svg Brunswick-Lüneburg
Flag of England.svg  England
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland
Brandenburg Wappen.svg Brandenburg-Prussia
Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg Transylvania
Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Ottoman Empire

16201644 Vlach uprisings in Moravia Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire Moravian Wallachia Victory
May 1626December 1626 Upper Austrian peasant war of 1626 Flag of the Electorate of Bavaria.svg Bavaria Austrian RebelsVictory
  • Rebellion suppressed
16261629 Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629) Choragiew krolewska krola Zygmunta III Wazy.svg Poland-Lithuania

Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of Sweden.svg Swedish Empire Defeat
27 May 16573 May 1660 Second Northern War Choragiew krolewska krola Zygmunta III Wazy.svg Poland
(Poland–Lithuania)
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark–Norway
Flag of Oryol (variant).svg Russia (1656–58)
Gerae-tamga.svg Crimean Khanate
Flag of Brandenburg.svg Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60)
Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of Sweden.svg Swedish Empire
Flag of Brandenburg.svg Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57)
Flag of Transylvania (Local).svg Principality of Transylvania
Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Ukrainian Cossacks (1657)
POL COA Radziwill.svg Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Flag of Wallachia.svg Wallachia
Flag of Moldavia.svg Moldavia
Inconclusive
12 April 166310 August 1664 Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
League of the Rhine
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Austrian military victory
Ottoman diplomatic and commercial victory
16651666 Varaždin rebellion Serbo-Croatian rebels from Slavonian Military Frontier Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
1 July 167326 January 1679 Franco-Dutch War Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark-Norway
Flag of England.svg  England (1678)

Royal Standard of the King of France.svg  France
Flag of England.svg  England (1672–74)
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Munster.svg Münster
Black St George's Cross.svg Cologne
Defeat
16801680Peasant UprisingCzech PeasantsVictory
  • Rebellion suppressed
168315 August 1684 War of the Reunions Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Kingdom of France Defeat
14 July 168326 January 1699 Great Turkish War Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Russia.svg Tsardom of Russia
Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Cossack Hetmanate
Royal Banner of Jan III Sobieski.svg Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice
Albanian rebels
Serb rebels
Greek rebels
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire
Gerae-tamga.svg Crimean Khanate
Victory
27 September 168820 September 1697 Nine Years' War Grand Alliance :
Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of England.svg  England
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain
Flag of Savoie.svg Piedmont-Savoy
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden (until 1691)
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg  France
  Irish Jacobites
Inconclusive
9 July 17017 March 1714 War of the Spanish Succession Armoiries Charles VI de Habsbourg.svg Spain loyal to Archduke Charles
Flag of England.svg  England
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of Savoie.svg Duchy of Savoy
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1750).svg Prussia
Flag Portugal (1707).svg Kingdom of Portugal
Escudo del Principe de Asturias 1700-1761 (sin diferencias).png Spain loyal to Philip V of Spain
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Kingdom of France
Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg Electorate of Bavaria
Civil Ensign of Hungary.svg Kurucs (Kingdom of Hungary)
Transsylvanian Banner.svg Principality of Transylvania

Phillip V confirmed as King of Spain

Habsburg territorial gains

Austria successfully crushes revolutions in Hungary and Bavaria

13 April 171621 July 1718 Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 Flag of the Serene Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Victory
2 August 171817 February 1720 War of the Quadruple Alliance Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg  France
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of Savoie.svg  Savoy
Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Spain Victory
10 October 17333 October 1735 War of the Polish Succession Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg Poland loyal to Augustus III

Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire

POL COA Wieniawa.svg Poland loyal to Stanisław I

Royal Standard of the King of France.svg  France
Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Spain
Civil Flag and Civil Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg Kingdom of Sardinia
Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg Duchy of Parma

Augustus III confirmed as King of Poland

12 July 173718 September 1739 Russo-Austrian-Turkish War (1735–1739) Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Defeat
16 December 174018 October 1748 War of the Austrian Succession Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Flag of Hanover (1692).svg Hanover
Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg  Saxony (1743–45)
State Flag of the Savoyard States (late 16th - late 18th century).svg Kingdom of Sardinia (1742–48)
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
(1741–43) (1748)
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1750).svg Kingdom of Prussia
(1740–42) (1744–45)
Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Kingdom of Spain (1740–1746)
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Kingdom of France
Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg Bavaria (1741–45)
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg  Saxony (1741–42)
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Naples and Sicily
Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden (1741–43)
State Flag of the Savoyard States (late 16th - late 18th century).svg Kingdom of Sardinia (1741–42)

Mixed results

Austrian defensive victory overall: Pragmatic Sanction recognized, Maria Theresia keeps the Austrian throne and a potential Austrian partition is avoided

Austrian defeat in Silesian Wars against Prussia: Habsburg territorial losses

29 August 175615 February 1763 Seven Years' War Royal Standard of the King of France.svg  France
Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Bandera de Espana 1748-1785.svg Spain
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg  Saxony
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg Prussia
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Flag of Hanover (1692).svg Hanover
Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Flag Portugal (1750).svg Kingdom of Portugal
Flag of Hesse.svg Hesse-Kassel
Flagge Furstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe
Iroquois Confederacy
Military stalemate

Status quo ante bellum in Europe

17741774 Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan Romanian peasantsVictory
  • Revolution suppressed
July 177813 May 1779 War of the Bavarian Succession Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1750).svg Kingdom of Prussia
Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg Electorate of Saxony
Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg Bavaria
Inconclusive
8 October 17848 October 1784 Kettle War Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic Inconclusive
18 August 178912 January 1791 Liège Revolution LuikVlag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Liège LuikVlag.svg Republic of Liège
Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg United Belgian States
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1750).svg Kingdom of Prussia
Victory
  • Revolution suppressed
24 October 17893 December 1790 Brabant Revolution Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg United Belgian States
LuikVlag.svg Republic of Liège
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1750).svg Kingdom of Prussia
Victory
  • Revolution suppressed
February 17884 August 1791 Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Victory
20 April 179218 April 1797 War of the First Coalition Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg Holy Roman Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg Prussia
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg French Royalists
Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Spain (1793–95)
Flag Portugal (1750).svg Portugal
Civil Flag and Civil Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg  Sardinia
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Naples and Sicily
Other Italian states
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Ottoman Empire
Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
Flag of France.svg French Republic
Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Spain (1796–97)
Defeat
June 1794November 1794 Kościuszko Uprising Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg Prussia
Polish forcesVictory
26 June 1797July 1797 Denisko uprising Polish rebelsVictory
  • Rebellion suppressed
12 March 17999 February 1801 War of the Second Coalition Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire

Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg French Royalists
Flag Portugal (1750).svg Portugal
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Two Sicilies
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Ottoman Empire

Flag of France.svg French Republic

Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Spain
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark-Norway

Defeat

Austrian Empire (1804–1867)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding the Austrian Empire)OutcomeEmperorCasualtiesNotable battles
AlliesEnemies
9 August 180526 December 1805 War of the Third Coalition Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Kingdom of Sicily
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Kingdom of Naples
Flag Portugal (1750).svg Portugal
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Flag of France.svg First French Empire
Bandera de Espana 1701-1748.svg Spain
Defeat Francis I 90,000 casualties
3 April 180714 April 1807 Tican's rebellion Serbian rebels Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
 ? casualties
12 July

1808

12 July 1808 Kruščica rebellion Serbian rebels

Romanian rebels

Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
10 April 180914 October 1809 War of the Fifth Coalition Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Sicily
Civil Flag and Civil Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg  Sardinia
Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Black Brunswickers

Flag of France.svg First French Empire

French client states

Defeat 170,000 casualties
24 June 181230 January 1813 French invasion of Russia Flag of France.svg First French Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Prussia
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Austria joins the Coalition  ? casualties
15 August 181311 April 1814 War of the Sixth Coalition Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Prussia
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg Spain
Flag Portugal (1750).svg Portugal
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Sicily
Civil Flag and Civil Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg  Sardinia
Flag of France.svg First French Empire

French client states

Victory Unknown total casualties, 15,000 Austrian casualties at the Battle of Leipzig
20 March 18158 July 1815 War of the Seventh Coalition Seventh Coalition:

Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Prussia
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flagge Preussen - Provinz Hannover.svg Hanover
Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg Nassau
Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Flag of the Netherlands.svg United Netherlands
Flag of Spain (1785-1873, 1875-1931).svg Spain
Flag Portugal (1750).svg Portugal
Civil Flag and Civil Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg  Sardinia
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Sicily
Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany with Great Coat of arms.svg Tuscany
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg French Royalists

Flag of France.svg First French Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of Naples (1811).svg Naples
Victory 5,000 casualties
18201821 Carbonari uprisings of 1820–1821 Carbonari.svg Carbonari Victory ? casualties
February 1821August 1821 Wallachian uprising of 1821 Flag of the Ottoman Empire (eight pointed star).svg Ottoman Empire
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austrian Empire
  • Ottoman red flag.svg Moldavian insurgents
Flag of Tudor Vladimirescu's Revolution (1821).png Wallachia (revolutionary)
Flag of Greece (1821).svg Greek revolutionaries
Stalemate
3 June 18292 February 1830 Austrian expedition against Morocco (1829) Flag of Morocco (1666-1915).svg Morocco
Victory

• Austrian ship returned to Austria

36 casualties
18311831 1831 Italian insurrections State Flag of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1830-1859).svg Duchy of Modena and Reggio

Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg Duchy of Parma

Flag of the Papal States (1808-1870).svg Papal States

Victory ? casualties
18391841 Second Egyptian-Ottoman War Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Egypt Victory Ferdinand I of Austria  ? casualties
20 February 18464 March 1846 Kraków uprising Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire Coat of arms of the Krakow Uprising.svg Polish independence movement Victory ? casualties
15 March 184813 August 1849 Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austrian Empire

Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire

RevolutionariesVictory Francis Joseph I Heavy but unknown total casualties
23 March 184822 August 1849 First Italian War of Independence Flag of France.svg Second French Republic (since 1849)

Flag of the Papal States (1808-1870).svg Papal States (since 1849)

Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia.svg Kingdom of Sardinia
State Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1848-1849).svg Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Briefly allied with:
Flag of the Papal States (1808-1870).svg Papal States (until 1848)
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1848).svg Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Victory15,580 casualties
12 January 184827 October 1848 Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states Flag of the Papal States (1808-1870).svg Papal States
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1848).svg Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany with Great Coat of arms.svg Tuscany

Bandiera dello Stato della Sicilia (28.04.1848 - 15.05.1849).PNG Kingdom of Sicily

Flag of Italy with inscription <<Italia libera Dio lo vuole>>.svg Provisional Government of Milan

Flag of the Republic of Venice 1848-49.gif Republic of San Marco

Flag of the Roman Republic (19th century).svg Roman Republic

Supported by:

Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Kingdom of Sardinia

Victory
29 April 185911 July 1859 Second Italian War of Independence Civil Flag and Civil Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg Kingdom of Sardinia

Flag of France.svg Second French Empire

Defeat 12,568 deaths, total casualties unknown
8 December 186121 June 1867 Second French intervention in Mexico
Defeat
1 February 186430 October 1864 Second Schleswig War Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Prussia Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Victory 1,000 casualties
14 June 186623 August 1866 Austro-Prussian War Flag of the German Confederation (war).svg German Confederation :

Flagge Konigreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg  Saxony
Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg  Bavaria
Flagge Grossherzogtum Baden (1871-1891).svg Baden
Flagge Konigreich Wurttemberg.svg Württemberg
Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg  Hanover
Flagge Grossherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Hesse-Darmstadt
Flag of Hesse.svg Hesse-Kassel
Flagge Furstentum Reuss altere Linie.svg Reuss Elder Line
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen.svg Saxe-Meiningen
Flagge Furstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe
Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg Nassau
Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg Free City of Frankfurt

Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Prussia

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy
Flagge Grossherzogtumer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Flagge Grossherzogtumer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Oldenburg
Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Anhalt
Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Altenburg
Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Flagge Furstentum Lippe.svg Lippe
Flagge Furstentumer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg
Flag of Germany.svg Waldeck
Flag of Bremen (middle arms).svg Bremen
Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg
Flag of the Free City of Lubeck.svg Lübeck

Defeat 106,796 casualties

Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding the Austro-Hungarian Empire)OutcomeEmperorCasualties
AlliesEnemies
19 June 187520 October 1878 Great Eastern Crisis Romanov Flag.svg  Russia

Flag of Romania.svg Romania

Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria

Flag of Montenegro (1860-1905).svg  Montenegro

Flag of Serbia (1835-1882).svg Serbia

Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Austria-Hungary

Supported by:

Flag of the German Empire.svg  Germany

Flag of France (1794-1958).svg  France

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire

Supported by:

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Victory 7,447 casualties
18791880 Uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire

Flag of Persia (1910-1925).svg  Persia

Kurdish tribes Victory
14 November 188528 November 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg  Serbia

Support:

Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Austria-Hungary

Romanov Flag.svg Russian Empire

Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Defeat Francis Joseph I (1867–1916), Charles I of Austria (1916–1918)
January 1897October 1898 Cretan Revolt of 1897-1898 State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg Cretan revolutionaries
State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg Kingdom of Greece

International Squadron:
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of France (1794-1958).svg  France
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italy
Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Austria-Hungary (until March 1898) [10]
Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire (until November 1897) [11]

Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire Victory Unknown
2 November 18997 September 1901 Boxer Rebellion Eight-Nation Alliance :

Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg  Japan
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of France.svg France
Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg United States
Flag of the German Empire.svg  Germany
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy

Yihetuan flag.png Righteous Harmony Society

Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg Qing Empire

VictoryUnknown but very light casualties
28 July 19143 November 1918 World War I Central Powers

Flag of the German Empire.svg  Germany
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Austria-Hungary
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria (1915–18)

Allies :

Flag of France.svg France
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Empire
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia (1914–17)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy
Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States (1917–18)
State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg  Serbia
and others

Defeat, the Austro-Hungarian Empire is dissolved. 1,200,000 to 1,494,200 deaths

Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding German-Austria)OutcomeChancellorCasualties
AlliesEnemies
23 November 191831 July 1919 Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (before unification)

Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (after unification)

Ceasefire
  • In Carinthian plebiscite southeastern Carinthia votes in favour of joining Austria.
  • Territorial changes are coordinated by Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
  • Majority of southeastern Carinthia is ceded to Austria.
  • Meža Valley and Jezersko are ceded to Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Karl Renner 1,000 casualties

First Austrian Republic (1919–1934)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding Austria)OutcomeChancellorCasualties
AlliesEnemies
28 August 192113 October 1921 Uprising in West Hungary Flag of Austria.svg Austria
Flag of Hungary 1940.svg Hungary
(disarmament of the rebels in 1922)
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia (small border conflicts)
Flag of France (1794-1958).svg France (Non-combatant military mission)
RongyosGardakulonitmenyjelvenye.jpg Rongyos Gárda
Flag of Banate of Leitha.svg Lajtabánság
Islam symbol plane2 green.png Bosnian and Albanian Muslim volunteers

Hungarian victory, referendum called, Sopron and its area remained in Hungary

Johannes Schober 12 killed
12 February 193415 February 1934 Austrian Civil War

Flag of Austria (state) 1934-1938.svg First Austrian Republic

Flag of the Social Democratic Party of Austria.svg SDAPÖ Fatherland Front victory Engelbert Dollfuß Thousands of casualties

Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding Austria)OutcomeChancellorCasualties
AlliesEnemies
25 July 193430 July 1934 July Putsch Flag of the Fatherland Front of Austria.svg VF Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg Schutzstaffel (SS)

Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Austrian Nazi Party

Government victory
  • Nazi coup d'état failed
  • Fatherland Front remains in power
  • Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss is killed
Engelbert Dollfuß (assassinated), Kurt Schuschnigg after the assassination200+ killed on both sides (including Engelbert Dollfuß)

Ostmark Reichsgau of Nazi Germany

StartFinishName of ConflictBelligerents (excluding Austria)OutcomeChancellorCasualties
AlliesEnemies
12 March 19388 May 1945 Austrian resistance Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Nazi Germany Flag of Austria.svg Austrian resistance

Supported by:

Carinthian Slovenes (Yugoslav Partisans)

Bavarian monarchists

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union

Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City

Moscow Declarations seizured Austrian independence, but Otto von Habsburg didn't reign Austria. Adolf Hitler ?
17 September 193816 March 1939 Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Nazi Germany

Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg Hungary

Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg Poland

Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia Munich Agreement and First Vienna Award Adolf Hitler 22 killed
1 September 1939 8 May 1945 World War II Axis

Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Nazi Germany

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Fascist Italy

Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japanese empire

Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg Hungary

Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg  Slovakia

Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg  Croatia

Flag of Finland.svg Finland (until 1944)

Flag of Romania.svg  Romania (until 1944)

Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria (until 1944)

Allies

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Flag of France.svg France
Flag of the United States.svg United States
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg Poland
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Flag of Yugoslavia (1918-1943).svg Yugoslavia
Flag of Greece.svg Greece
Flag of Finland.svg Finland (since 1944)
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania (since 1944)
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria (since 1944)
Flag of Austria.svg Austrian resistance

End of German Anschluss and Allied occupation of Austria. Adolf Hitler 70–85 million people death

See also

Notes

  1. Hungary and Croatia were in a personal union. Sigismund of Luxembourg was the king of Hungary and at the same time the king of Croatia.
  2. The Cumans (or Kumans) were a Turkic nation settled on Hungarian territory (Kunság), where were incorporated into Hungarian forces as mercenaries. During the invasion they were characterized by cruelty to civilians and increased plundering of villages.
  3. Sigismund of Luxembourg was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1433. Until that, he had invaded Bohemia as the king of Germany and the king of Hungary.
  4. The Landfrieden of Plzeň remained the major power of the Bohemian loyalists and Catholicism of the entire Kingdom of Bohemia.
  5. Hussitism spread especially among the Czech-speaking people, while the Bohemian Germans remained loyal to the Catholic Church and Emperor Sigismund. In some cases, German burghers took part in a defense of city during a Hussite siege. This seriously caused hostility between the Slavic Czechs and the German population of Bohemia.
  6. Participated in the Third anti-Hussite Crusade under the leadership of Henry Beaufort.
  7. The Poles supported the Czech Hussites in their efforts, except when Hussitism spread to Poland. The Polish Hussites were defeated in the battle of Grotniki (1439).
  8. Considered and persecuted by Hussites as heretics. Adam de Rohan, a famed Adamite leader involved against Jan Žižka, along with others, perhaps survived the wars and then lived in secret.
  9. The Hussite movement was formed by pilgrims and followers in southern and western Bohemia, Plzeň and in the newly founded town of Tábor.
  10. The Kingdom of Bohemia under the Hussite movement was controlled by various Hussite unions (factions) led by hetmans (military commanders), the most strongest of which were Taborites, Praguers, Orebites (later Osphans), etc.
  11. The "Praguers" were a Hussite union in central Bohemia and centered in the capital city of Prague.
  12. The Orebites were a Hussite union in Eastern Bohemia.
  13. The Hussites of Žatec and Louny were a union in Northern Bohemia.
  14. The Orebites renamed themselves "Orphans" (Sirotci) after Žižka's death (1424).
  15. Lithuania supported the Hussite revolution in the hope of receiving the Bohemian royal crown for itself. For this purpose the Lithuanian duke Sigismund Korybut came to Bohemia and was designed by the Hussites as their additional hetman (military commander).
  16. Francesco II Sforza restored to power in the Duchy of Milan under the protection of Emperor Charles V and Pope Clement VII, who abandons a temporary alliance with Francis I of France. [2]
  17. Liberation of Francis I under the condition that France abandons its claims on the Imperial Duchy of Milan and cedes the Duchy of Burgundy to the House of Habsburg. [3]

References

  1. "The Panorama of the Battle of Murten - The Battle of Murten, 1476".
  2. History of Italy, book XVI, chapter II, Francesco Guicciardini
  3. History of Italy, book XVI, chapter XV, Francesco Guicciardini
  4. Roger Crowley, Empires of the Sea, faber and faber 2008 p. 61
  5. History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey Ezel Kural Shaw
  6. Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria, p191
  7. Péter Torbágyi (2008). Magyar kivándorlás Latin–Amerikába az első világháború előtt (PDF) (in Hungarian). Szeged: University of Szeged. p. 42. ISBN   978-963-482-937-9 . Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  8. Richard Leroy Hill (1995). A Black corps d'élite: an Egyptian Sudanese conscript battalion with the French Army in Mexico, 1863–1867, and its survivors in subsequent African history. East Lansing, US: Michigan State University Press. ISBN   978-0870133398.
  9. Walter Klinger (2008). Für Kaiser Max nach Mexiko – Das Österreichische Freiwilligenkorps in Mexiko 1864/67 (in German). Munich: Grin Verlag. ISBN   978-3640141920 . Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  10. Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994). The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867-1918: Navalism, Industrial Development, and the Politics of Dualism. Purdue University Press. p. 132. ISBN   9781557530349.
  11. Sondhaus 1994, p. 132.
  12. McTiernan, Mick (2014). A Very Bad Place Indeed For a Soldier. The British involvement in the early stages of the European Intervention in Crete. 1897-1898. King's College London. p. 36.
  13. Holland, Robert, and Diana Markides, The British and the Hellenes: Struggles For Mastery in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1850–1960, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN   978-0-19-924996-1, p. 92.