Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurdish people, an ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia.
The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or putative, with a characteristic internal structure. They are naturally divided into a number of sub-tribes, and each of these sub-tribes again are divided into smaller units: clans, lineages and households. [1]
Each Kurdish tribe use different kinds of terms to designate "Tribe", "sub-tribe", "Clan", "lineage" and "household"; 'Ahiret, Tira, Hoz, il, Khel, Tayfa or Taifa, Zuma and Rama. These terms are used loosely and interchangeably despite the tribal structure and organization of all Kurdish tribes are almost the same. [2]
In the 9th century, it was reported by Ibn khurdubah that Kurdish tribes used the word Zūma to designate tribes (Kurdish : زوومە, Zūma; lit. 'Tribe'). [3]
The 9th century historian, Ya'qubi, recorded present of tribes of Kurds in Kermanshah, Saymara, Hulwan and some villages in Spahan region. Al-Mas'udi reported the Kurdish tribes locations; the tribe called Šūhīān or Šāhīān at Dinawar and Hamadan, Māǰordān at Kankavar and many other tribes that were present in the Jibal region. Estakhiri, the 10th century author and traveler reported Kurdish tribes presence at the vicinity of Takrit. Ibn Hawqal reported on Hadhbāni, Humaydi and Lari tribe. [3]
Kurdish tribes in Armenia and Georgia consist of Yazidis who arrived in Caucasus from the regions of Van, Kars and Dogubayazit during two main waves of migrations, the first wave taking place during the Russo-Ottoman wars of 19th century (1828–1829 and 1879–1882) and the second wave taking place during World War I, especially during and after the Armenian genocide where Yazidis were also targeted alongside Armenians. Before migrating, Yazidis formed an integral part of Kurdish tribal interactions in the Ottoman Empire. The Yazidis of Armenia who arrived during the first wave of migrations, settled in Aparan and Talin provinces in the mountainous regions of Aragatz, whereas the Yazidis who arrived during the second wave settled in villages across Ashtarak, Echmiadzin and Armavir. [4]
The present tribes and tribal confederations with their sub-tribes are listed below: [5] [6] [7]
Zuqiriya Confederation
Mehemdiya Confederation
Hesiniya Confederation
Sipki Confederation
A large portion of the centuries-old Kurdish population in present-day Azerbaijan was deported by the Soviet Union to Central Asia from the 1930s onwards. The remaining Kurdish population in the former Red Kurdistan area (Lachin and Kelbajar districts) was displaced by ethnic-Armenian forces during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War, whilst the Kurds outside of the conflict zone in Azerbaijan became heavily assimilated into Azerbaijani culture. [8] [9] [10]
The information on the tribes in Azerbaijan is from 1936: [11] [12]
Tribes | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alihan | Aliyan | Babali | Bargushat | Bozlu | Ferihkan | Gajisam | Gulukchi | Hasenan | Karachorlu | Kelani | ||||||||
Kulekan | Kulpucci | Milan | Pugian | Pusian | Shadmanli | Sheylanli | Sisiyan | Sultan | Tahmas | Terter |
The following tribes are present in Baghdad Governorate:
The following tribes are present in Diyala Governorate:
The following tribes are present in Dohuk Governorate: [25] [26] [27]
The following tribes are present in Erbil Governorate: [33]
The following tribes are present in Kirkuk Governorate: [14]
The following tribes and confederations are present in Nineveh Governorate: [40] [41] [42]
The following tribes are present in Saladin Governorate:
The following tribes are present in Sulaymaniyah Governorate: [46]
The following tribes are present in Wasit Governorate:
The following tribes are present in Ardabil province: [49]
Zangeneh tribe [50]
The following tribes are present in East Azerbaijan province:
The following tribes are present in Fars province:
The following tribes are present in Gilan province: [14]
The following tribes are present in Hamadan province:
The following tribes are present in Ilam province: [60]
The following tribes are present in Kermanshah province: [14]
The following tribes are present in North Khorasan province and Razavi Khorasan province: [71]
The following tribes are present in Kurdistan province:
The following tribes are present in Lorestan province:
The following tribes are present in Mazandaran province: [14]
The following tribes are present in Qazvin province: [14]
The following tribes are present in Tehran province: [14]
The following tribes are present in West Azerbaijan province: [14]
The following tribes are present in Al-Hasakah Governorate and Raqqa Governorate: [94] [95] [96] [97] [98]
The following tribes are present in Aleppo Governorate: [100] [101]
The following tribes are present in Adıyaman Province:
The following tribes are present in Ağrı Province and are all Shafi'i: [136]
The following tribes are present in Aksaray Province:
The following tribes are present in Ankara Province:
The following tribes are present in Ardahan Province: [141]
The following tribes are present in Batman Province:
The following tribes are present in Bingöl Province:
The following tribes are present in Bitlis Province:
The following tribes are present in the Black Sea Region and Marmara Region:
The following tribes are present in Diyarbakır Province and are all Shafi'i: [180]
The following tribes are present in Elazığ Province and are all Hanafi unless noted: [181]
The following tribes are present in Erzincan Province:
The following tribes are present in Erzurum Province: [199]
The following tribes are present in Gaziantep Province and are all Hanafi unless noted: [202]
The following tribes are present in Kars Province and Iğdır Province (one province until 1993) and are all Shafi'i unless noted: [204]
The following tribes are present in Gümüşhane Province and are all Alevi: [206]
The following tribes are present in Hakkâri Province: [208]
The following tribes are present in Kahramanmaraş Province:
The following tribes are present in Kayseri Province:
The following tribes are present in Kilis Province and are all Hanafi: [213]
The following tribes are present in Kırşehir Province:
The following tribes are present in Konya Province:
The following tribes are present in Malatya Province:
The following tribes are present in Mardin Province:
The following tribes are present in Muş Province and are all Shafi'i unless noted: [272]
The following tribes are present in Siirt Province and are all Shafi'i:
The following tribes are present in Sivas Province:
The following tribes are present in Şanlıurfa Province:
The following tribes are present in Şırnak Province: [304]
The following tribes are present in Tunceli Province:
The following tribes are present in Van Province and are all Shafi'i: [311]
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