The Mukri tribe is a Kurdish tribe residing in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Mukri princes made up the elite-ruling class of the emirate of Mukriyan, while the Dehbruki tribe made up the majority of the rural petty-ruling class. [1]
The Mukri are notable for having produced many distinguished figures, such as Aziz Khan Mukri, who served as commander-in-chief of the army from 1853 to 1857. [2]
Abbas I of Persia married a Mukri noblewoman and daughter of the Mukri governor of Maragheh in 1610 CE after defeating the Mukri in the Siege of Dimdim and executing her brother and his men; despite her relatively young age while in Mukriyan, she was known to be popular among the Mukri. [3] [4]
Mukri women traditionally mixed with men and did not veil, it was also standard for Mukris to greet guests with cheek kisses even between opposite genders. However, despite their free association with men, women had to, historically, abide to the Mukri patriarchal code to "retain their honor” such as not engaging in adultery, [5] [6] which includes subtle romance such as courtship and romantic relationships with the absence of fornication which was otherwise tolerated by the surrounding semi-nomadic Kurdish Bolbas tribes like the Mangur, who’s tribeswomen enjoyed greater freedoms compared to urban women of the Mukri. [7]
Kurdish music refers to music performed in the Kurdish languages and Zaza-Gorani languages. The earliest study of Kurdish music was initiated by the renowned Armenian priest and composer Komitas in 1903, when he published his work "Chansons kurdes transcrites par le pere Komitas" which consisted of twelve Kurdish melodies which he had collected. The Armenian Karapetê Xaço also preserved many traditional Kurdish melodies throughout the 20th century by recording and performing them. In 1909, Scholar Isya Joseph published the work "Yezidi works" in which he documented the musical practice of the Yazidis including the role of the musician-like qewal figures and the instruments used by the minority.
Qashqai people are a tribal confederation in Iran mostly of Turkic origin. They are also believed to have incorporated Lurs, Kurds, and Arabs. Almost all of them speak a Western Turkic (Oghuz) language known as the Qashqai language — which they call "Turkī" — as well as Persian in formal use. The Qashqai mainly live in the provinces of Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Bushehr and southern Isfahan, especially around the cities of Shiraz and Firuzabad in Fars.
Mahabad, also Romanized as Mihābād and Muhābād, and formerly known as Savojbolagh, is a city in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.
Qizilbash or Kizilbash were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman Shia militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia, the Armenian highlands, the Caucasus, and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, and contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty in early modern Iran.
Ardalan was a hereditary Kurdish vassaldom in western Iran from around the 14th century until 1865 or 1868 with Sanandaj as capital. The territory corresponded roughly to present-day Kurdistan Province of Iran and the rulers were loyal to the Qajar Empire. Baban was its main rival. Gorani was the literary language and lingua franca. When the vassaldom fell, literary work in Gorani ceased.
Kurds in Iran constitute a large minority in the country with a population of around 9 and 10 million people.
Mukriyan or 'Deryaz' was a Kurdish principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century centered around Mahabad. Mukriyan was a neighbor to the Emirate of Bradost.
The Donboli, also called Dunbuli, Dinbili, Danbuli, Dunbeli, Dumbili, Dumbuli, Dumbeli, Dumili or Dimili is a large Kurdish tribe present in various regions including Shekhan in Duhok Governorate and Bashiqa-Bahzani in Iraq, Mardin, Bitlis and Erzurum provinces in Turkey, Kurd-Dagh region in Aleppo Governorate in Syria, and a Turkic-speaking section around Khoy and Salmas in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran.
Dimdim Castle was a Kurdish fortress located on top of Mount Dimdim in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran, just west of Lake Urmia. This fortress was the location of Battle of Dimdim.
Shabankara was an Iranian tribe. They claimed descent from the mythical Iranian king Manuchehr who had been deported to eastern Fars from Isfahan by the Buyid Shahanshah 'Adud al-Dawla. The dynasty's capital was Ij (Ig) and was divided in six districts: Zarkān, Iṣṭabānān, Burk-Tārum-K̲h̲ayra, Nayriz, Kurm-Rūnīz-Lār, and Darabjird. The tribe had the following subdivisions: Ismāʿīlī, the Rāmānī, the Karzuwī, the Masʿūdī and the S̲h̲akānī who were all herders and warriors.
Karai or Qarā Tātār is a Turkic tribe found in Khorasan, Azerbaijan, Kerman, and Fars.
Mangur is one of the largest Kurdish tribe of northwestern Iran and has a minor presence in northern Iraq. Historically semi-nomadic and war-like, they are native to a basin on the little Zab river called “Mangurayeti” in Mukriyan and also inhabit the districts and cities of Sardasht, Piranshahr, Mahabad, and Pshdar District, the latter of which is in Iraq and not considered to be apart of the geo-cultural region of Mukriyan.
Bukan is a city in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.
The term Iranian Intermezzo, or Persian Renaissance, represents a period in history which saw the rise of various native Iranian dynasties in the Iranian Plateau after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia and the fall of the Sasanian Empire. The term is noteworthy since it was an interlude between the decline of Abbāsid rule and power by Arabs and the "Sunni Revival" with the 11th-century emergence of the Seljuq Turks. The Iranian revival consisted of Iranian support based on Iranian territory and most significantly a revived Iranian national spirit and culture in an Islamic form. Even though there were some Iranian Zoroastrian movements rejecting Islam all together as a religion. It also focused on reviving the Persian language, the most significant one was Shahnameh written by Ferdowsi. The Iranian dynasties and entities which comprise the Iranian Intermezzo are the Tahirids, Saffarids, Sajids, Samanids, Ziyarids, Buyids, Sallarids, Rawadids, Marwanids, Shaddadids, Kakuyids, Annazids and Hasanwayhids.
The Bajalan tribe, are an ethnic Kurdish Bajelani speaking tribe.
Mohammad Khanlu (Moḥammad-Ḵānlū) is one of the six major Tribes of Arasbaran. It is a Turkicized Kurdish tribe dwelling for the most part in the Arasbaran region, in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its summer quarters were around Marzrud and its winter quarters were around Heydarkanlu village of Khoda Afarin County. According to A. Lampton, in Arasbaran the pasturage belonged to Khans, who also owned arable land in winter quarters.
The Circassians in Iran are an ethnic minority in Iran. Circassians in Iran differ somewhat from other Circassian diasporas, in that most in the former stem from the Safavid and Qajar era, although a number migrated as muhajirs in the late 19th century as well. The Circassians in Iran were very influential during periods in the last few centuries. The vast majority of them have assimilated to Persian language, and no sizeable number speaks their native Circassian languages anymore. Once a very large minority in Iran, nowadays due to being heavily assimilated over the course of time and the lack of censuses based on ethnicity, population estimates vary significantly. They are, after the Georgians, the largest Caucasus-derived group in the nation.
West Azerbaijan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, whose capital and largest city is Urmia. It is in the northwest of the country, bordered by Turkey, Iraq and Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan and Kurdistan. The province is part of Region 3. It is separated from Armenia by Turkey's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic.
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