Mohammad Khanlu (Moḥammad-Ḵānlū [1] ) ( محمد خانلو ) is one of the six major Tribes of Arasbaran. It is a Turkicized Kurdish [2] tribe dwelling for the most part in the Arasbaran region, in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. Its summer quarters were around Marzrud and its winter quarters were around Heydarkanlu village of Khoda Afarin County. According to A. Lampton, in Arasbaran the pasturage belonged to Khans, who also owned arable land in winter quarters. [3]
At present the tribe is in most part sedentary, with majority of families living in suburbs of Tehran. Some descendants of the ruling Klan spend their summer in Chaparli pastures, and others in the recently erected villas in Garmanab.
The Mohammad Khanlus claim that their tribe were founded by Muhammad Khan in the Qajar period. After Muhammad Khan, the tribe has been successively ruled by Javad Khan, Samad Khan, Asadollah Khan, Abdollah Khan, and Asadollah Khan II. The last Khan, who was an MP at the wake of the Islamic Revolution, [4] was briefly imprisoned and his property was confiscated. [5]
During the civil wars following the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906, Mohammad Khanlus helped Rahimkhan Chalabianloo in his ill-fated campaign against revolutionaries. After Rahimkhan's defeat in 1909, the power vacuum in Garaja Dagh was filled by Amir Arshad of Haji-Alilu tribe. He helped revolutionary forces to crush Mohammad Khanlus in the winter of 1910. [6]
During the autonomous ruling of Azerbaijan by Azerbaijan People's Government, from November 1945 to November 1946, Mohammad Khanlus sided with the reactionary forces and conducted sporadic guerrilla activities. Consequently, their headman, Abdollah Khan, and his nephew, Rezaqoli Khan, were arrested and executed. [7] [8]
In the wake of White Revolution (early 1960s) the Mohammad Khanlus were divided into 23 clans, each taking their name from the village where they spent their winter. The number of households are indicated in parentheses and are [9]
Heydarkanlu (the ruling clan; 60), Safarlu (55), Tu Ali-ye Sofla (50), Tu Ali-ye Olya (35), Zarnaq (35), Khomarlu (60), Hemidan Kirashan (80), Jānānlū (60), Derilou (40), Shojailu and Mafrūẕlū (80), Kurzeh (16), Sutan and Masjedlu (120), Talan Dereh (70), Bayduq (30), Lowtejan (50), Seqehsay (50), Gavahan (50), Qeshlaq-e Karanlu (40), Ebriq (25), Ham Neshin (25), Mashhad Hasanlu (25), Shāh Yūrdī (20).
In addition, by 1960 some families had already settled in the villages and had become farmers. Most notable among these villages were Abbasabad, Garmanab and Alherd, where minor Khans of the ruling clan were residing.
Gavahan is a village in Keyvan Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 19 families.
Mikandi is a village in Misheh Pareh Rural District, in the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 32 families.
Abriq is a village in Azghan Rural District, in the Central District of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 334, in 74 families.
Minjavan-e Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان منجوان غربی is in Minjavan District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Asheqlu.
Mashhad Hasanlu is a village in Minjavan-e Gharbi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 230, in 47 families.
Setan is a village in Minjavan-e Gharbi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 58 families. This is a significant drop as compared to the population of the village in early 1960s, which was 340. Still, the decline is moderate as previously more prosperous villages of Arasbaran region, such as Abbasabad, experienced on average fourfold reduction in their population and some nearby villages were abandoned. In the wake of White Revolution a clan of Mohammad Khanlu tribe, comprising 120 households used Setan and Masjedlu as their winter quarters.
Heydarkanlu is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 335, in 85 families.
Kurazag is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 316, in 63 families.
Mafruz Lu is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 290, in 76 families.
Shojailu is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 286, in 79 families.
Tu Ali-ye Sofla is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 354, in 76 families.
Bayduq is a village in Keyvan Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 102, in 26 families.
Safarlu is a village in Keyvan Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 298, in 72 families.
Seqehsay is a village in Keyvan Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 26 families.
Dari Lu is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 429, in 84 families. According to a more recent reliable statistics the population is 399 people in 102 families, which indicates a significant increase in the number of households while population is declining.
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Rahimkhan Chalabianloo or Rahim Khan Chalabianlu, was a government official in power around the turn of the 19th century in Iran. He was from the Chalabianlu tribe and executed in 1911.
Chalabianlu is a Turkophone Kurdish tribe, dwelling for the most part in the Garamduz District of Arasbaran region, in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.
Arasbaran, also known as Karadagh in Azerbaijani language (قرهداغ), is a vast mountainous area in the north of East Azarbaijan Province in Iran. In this area there were several Turkic tribes, including the Beghdillu, Haji-Alilu, Hoseynaklu, Hasanbeyglu, Ilyaskhanlu, Tokhmaqlu, Bayburdlu and Qaradaghlu. All of these tribes are now sedentary, but characteristic aspects of their culture, developed around nomadic pastoralism, have persisted to our times.
Oskelu is a village in, and the capital of, Misheh Pareh Rural District of the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.