 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(May 2018) |
The following is a list of wars involving Serbia in the late modern period and contemporary history.
The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uprising against the Dahije (1804) |  Serbia |  Dahije | Victory
|
| First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813) Part of the Serbian Revolution | Supported by: | Dahijas (1804) Ottoman Empire (from 1805) | Treaty of Bucharest [2]
|
| Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) Part of the Serbian Revolution and Russo-Turkish Wars |  Russian Empire
| Victory [2] | |
| Second Serbian Uprising (1815–1817) Part of the Serbian Revolution |  Serbian rebels | Ottoman Empire | Victory
|
| Niš Rebellion (1821) |  Serb rebels |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
|
| Serb uprising (1848–1849) Part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire | Victory
| ||
| Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis | Serb rebels Supported by:  Serbia  Montenegro | Ottoman Empire | |
| First Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1877) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis | Ottoman Empire | Victory
| |
| Second Serbian–Ottoman War (1877–1878) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) | Ottoman Empire | Victory
| |
| Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) |  Russian Empire
|  Ottoman Empire | Coalition Victory
|
| Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885) | Support by: |  Bulgaria | Defeat
|
| Macedonian struggle (1901) |  Serbian Chetniks Supported by:  Serbia |  VMRO Ottoman Empire | Mixed Results
|
| First Balkan War (1912–1913) Part of the Balkan Wars | Balkan League :Supported by: | Victory [15] | |
| Serbian invasion of Albania (1912–1913) Part of the Balkan Wars |  Kingdom of Serbia  Kingdom of Montenegro |  Independent Albania | Victory
|
| Tikveš Uprising (1913) | Serbia Chetniks | IMRO Supported by:  Bulgaria | Victory
|
| Second Balkan War (1913) Part of the Balkan Wars | Victory | ||
| Third Peasant Revolt in Albania (September–October 1914) |  Republic of Central Albania Support: Kingdom of Serbia  Kingdom of Italy |  Principality of Albania | Serbo-Italian backed Republic of Central Albania Victory
|
| Serbian campaign and Balkans theatre (1914–1918) Part of the European theatre of World War I | Allied Powers
| Central Powers :
| Victory |
| Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Part of the aftermath of World War I and the Revolutions of 1917–23 | Victory
| ||
| 1918–1920 unrest in Split (1918–1920) Part of the Adriatic question |  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes  United States |  Italian nationalists renegades | Victory |
| Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia (1918–1919) Part of the aftermath of World War I | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |  German-Austria | Military victory |
| Christmas Uprising (1919) Part of the aftermath of World War I and the creation of Yugoslavia | Montenegrin Whites Victory
| ||
| Drenica-Dukagjin Uprisings (1919-1924) |  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |  Kosovar Albanians  Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo Diplomatic support:  Albania | Victory
|
| Koplik War (1920-1921) | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | Principality of Albania | Mixed results
|
| Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921) | Kingdom of Yugoslavia  Kingdom of Greece  Republic of Mirdita | Principality of Albania | Peace brokered by the League of Nations
|
| Zogu Invasion of Albania (1924) | Ahmet Zogu supporters (Mati Tribesmen) Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |  Fan Noli supporters (Albanian peasants) Principality of Albania Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo | Zogu-Yugoslav Victory
|
| Invasion of Yugoslavia (1941) Part of the Balkans campaign and Mediterranean theatre of World War II | Yugoslavia | Axis | Defeat
|
| World War II in Yugoslavia (1941–1945) Part of the European theatre of World War II | Allies
Bulgaria (1944–45)
 Yugoslav government-in-exile (1941–44)
| Axis German puppet states and governments:
| Yugoslav Partisan Victory
|
| Ten-Day War (1991) Part of the Yugoslav Wars |  SFR Yugoslavia |  Slovenia | Defeat
|
| Croatian War of Independence [lower-alpha 2] (1991–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars |
|
| Defeat
|
| War in Bosnia [lower-alpha 3] (1992–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars |
|
| Military stalemate
|
| Kosovo War (1998–1999) Part of the Yugoslav Wars |  FR Yugoslavia |  UÇK  NATO (1999)
Supported by: | Military Stalemate [17]
|
| Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001) [ citation needed ]Part of the Yugoslav Wars | FR Yugoslavia |  UÇPMB | Victory [18] |
The Albanian forces fought on the side of Turkey not because they desired a continuance of Turkish rule but because they believed that together with the Turks, they would be able to defend their territory and prevent the partition of "Greater Albania
Ottoman regulars supported by Albanian irregulars continued in central and southern Albania even after the signing of the armistice in December 1912
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria. The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Turkish straits in the east, and the Black Sea in the northeast. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined. The highest point of the Balkans is Musala, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft), in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria.
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that lasted from 28 February 1998 until 11 June 1999. It was fought between the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which controlled Kosovo before the war, and the Kosovo Albanian rebel group known as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). The conflict ended when the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) intervened by beginning air strikes in March 1999 which resulted in Yugoslav forces withdrawing from Kosovo.
This article includes information on the demographic history of Kosovo.
Greater Albania is an irredentist and nationalist concept that seeks to unify the lands that many Albanians consider to form their national homeland. It is based on claims on the present-day or historical presence of Albanian populations in those areas. In addition to the existing Albania, the term incorporates claims to regions in the neighbouring states, the areas include Kosovo, the Preševo Valley of Serbia, territories in southern Montenegro, northwestern Greece, and a western part of North Macedonia.
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related ethnic conflicts, wars of independence, and insurgencies that took place in the SFR Yugoslavia from 1991 to 2001. The conflicts both led up to and resulted from the breakup of Yugoslavia, which began in mid-1991, into six independent countries matching the six entities known as republics that had previously constituted Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and Macedonia. SFR Yugoslavia's constituent republics declared independence due to unresolved tensions between ethnic minorities in the new countries, which fuelled the wars. While most of the conflicts ended through peace accords that involved full international recognition of new states, they resulted in a massive number of deaths as well as severe economic damage to the region.
The history of Kosovo dates back to pre-historic times when the Starčevo culture, Vinča culture, Bubanj-Hum culture, and Baden culture were active in the region. Since then, many archaeological sites have been discovered due to the abundance of natural resources which gave way to the development of life.
Serbianisation or Serbianization, also known as Serbification, and Serbisation or Serbization is the spread of Serbian culture, people, and language, either by social integration or by cultural or forced assimilation.
The Albanians of Kosovo, also commonly called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovars, constitute the largest ethnic group in Kosovo.
Kosovo Serbs are one of the ethnic groups of Kosovo and they form the largest ethnic minority community in Kosovo (5–6%). There are around 100,000 Kosovo Serbs as of 2014 and about half of them live in North Kosovo. Other Kosovo Serb communities live in the Southern municipalities of Kosovo.
Serbian nationalism asserts that Serbs are a nation and promotes the cultural and political unity of Serbs. It is an ethnic nationalism, originally arising in the context of the general rise of nationalism in the Balkans under Ottoman rule, under the influence of Serbian linguist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and Serbian statesman Ilija Garašanin. Serbian nationalism was an important factor during the Balkan Wars which contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire, during and after World War I when it contributed to the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and again during the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s.
Islam in Kosovo has a long-standing tradition dating back to the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. Before the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the entire Balkan region had been Christianized by both the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. From 1389 until 1912, Kosovo was officially governed by the Muslim Ottoman Empire and a high level of Islamization occurred among Catholic and Orthodox Albanians, mainly due to Sufi orders and socio-political opportunism. Both Christian and Muslim Albanians intermarried and some lived as "Laramans", also known as Crypto-Christians. During the time period after World War II, Kosovo was ruled by secular socialist authorities in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). During that period, Kosovars became increasingly secularized. After the end of Communist period religion had a revival in Kosovo. Today, 95.6% of Kosovo's population are Muslims, most of whom are ethnic Albanians. There are also non-Albanian speaking Muslims, who define themselves as Bosniaks, Gorani and Turks.
Kosovo–Turkey relations are the historic and current relations between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Turkey. Kosovo has an embassy in Ankara and Turkey has an embassy in Prishtina. Both nations are predominantly Muslim and have sought to join the EU.
The colonization of Kosovo was a programme begun by the kingdoms of Montenegro and Serbia in the early twentieth century and later implemented by their successor state Yugoslavia at certain periods of time from the interwar era (1918–1941) until 1999. Over the course of the twentieth century, Kosovo experienced four major colonisation campaigns that aimed at altering the ethnic population balance in the region, to decrease the Albanian population and substitute them with Montenegrins and Serbs. Albanians formed the ethnic majority in the region when it became part of Yugoslavia in early twentieth century.
The Kingdom of Serbia was one of the major parties in the Balkan Wars, gaining land in both conflicts. It experienced significant territorial gains in the Central Balkans, nearly doubling its territory.
Albanians in Turkey are ethnic Albanian citizens and denizens of Turkey. They consist of Albanians who arrived during the Ottoman period, Kosovar/Macedonian and Tosk Cham Albanians fleeing from Serbian and Greek persecution after the beginning of the Balkan Wars, alongside some Albanians from Montenegro and Albania proper. A 2008 report from the Turkish National Security Council (MGK) estimated that approximately 1.3 million people of Albanian ancestry live in Turkey, and more than 500,000 recognizing their ancestry, language and culture. There are other estimates however that place the number of people in Turkey with Albanian ancestry and background upward to 5 or 6 million.
Kosovo is the birthplace of the Albanian nationalist movement which emerged as a response to the Eastern Crisis of 1878. In the immediate aftermath of the Russo-Ottoman war, the Congress of Berlin proposed partitioning Ottoman Albanian inhabited lands in the Balkans among neighbouring countries. The League of Prizren was formed by Albanians to resist those impositions. For Albanians those events have made Kosovo an important place regarding the emergence of Albanian nationalism. During the remainder of the late Ottoman period various disagreements between Albanian nationalists and the Ottoman Empire over socio-cultural rights culminated in two revolts within Kosovo and adjacent areas. The Balkan Wars (1912–13) ending with Ottoman defeat, Serbian and later Yugoslav sovereignty over the area generated an Albanian nationalism that has become distinct to Kosovo stressing Albanian language, culture, and identity within the context of secession from Serbia. Pan-Albanian sentiments are also present and historically have been achieved only once when part of Kosovo was united by Italian Axis forces to their protectorate of Albania during the Second World War.
The architectural heritage of the Kosovo Albanians during Yugoslav rule was shown institutionalised disregard for decades prior to outright conflict at the end of the 20th century. Numerous Albanian cultural sites in Kosovo were destroyed during the period of Yugoslav rule and especially the Kosovo conflict (1998-1999) which constituted a war crime violating the Hague and Geneva Conventions. In all, 225 out of 600 mosques in Kosovo were damaged, vandalised, or destroyed alongside other Islamic architecture during the conflict. Additionally 500 Albanian owned kulla dwellings and three out of four well-preserved Ottoman period urban centres located in Kosovo cities were badly damaged resulting in great loss of traditional architecture. Kosovo's public libraries, of which 65 out of 183 were completely destroyed, amounted to a loss of 900,588 volumes, while Islamic libraries sustained damage or destruction resulting in the loss of rare books, manuscripts and other collections of literature. Archives belonging to the Islamic Community of Kosovo, records spanning 500 years, were also destroyed. During the war, Islamic architectural heritage posed for Yugoslav Serb paramilitary and military forces as Albanian patrimony with destruction of non-Serbian architectural heritage being a methodical and planned component of ethnic cleansing in Kosovo.
Greek reaction to the Yugoslav Wars refers to the geopolitical relations between Greece and the countries that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia as a result of the Yugoslav Wars as well as the international stance of the former during the years of the conflict in terms of activities by state and non-state actors . Despite any reactions, Greece allowed the NATO forces pass to the north.
Turkey–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Turkey and now broken up Yugoslavia.
