List of wars involving Norway

Last updated April 19, 2024

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Norway in some capacity, both the modern polity and its predecessor states.

List

Pre-Unification Viking Age (793–872)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Viking invasions of England (793–1066)	Norse Vikings	Kingdom of England	Victory (first phase) Establishment of The Danelaw Defeat (second phase) Viking power is broken after The Battle of Stamford Bridge.
Halfdan the Mild's revolt (ca. 813)	Halfdan the Mild	Kingdom of Denmark	Revolt successful Denmark is expelled and Vestfold gains independence.
Battle of 839 (839)	Norse Vikings	Picts Dál Riata	Norwegian Viking victory
Siege of Paris (845)	Norse Vikings	Francia	Viking victory Viking plunder of Paris
Viking raid on Nekor ^[1]^[2]^[3] (ca. 859)	Norse Vikings	Kingdom of Nekor	Viking victory Vikings occupied Nekor for 8 days.
Great Heathen Army's invasion of England (865-878)	Norse Vikings Norse–Gaels	Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Wessex Northumbria Mercia East Anglia Kingdom of Strathclyde Kingdom of Alba	Viking victory Treaty of Wedmore Establishment of Danelaw Failure to Conquer Wessex
Siege of Dumbarton (870)	Norse Vikings	Britons of Strathclyde	Viking victory A fleet of 200 ships transported prisoners to Dublin.

Unification of Norway (860–872)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Battle of Hakadal (ca. 860)	Vestfold	Álfheimr	Vestfold victory Death of Hake Gandalfsson.
Battle of Orkdal (ca. 870)	Vestfold	Orkdal	Vestfold victory Gryting subjects to Harald Fairhair.
First Battle of Solskjel (ca. 870)	Vestfold	Nordmøre Romsdal	Vestfold victory Death of the kings of Nordmøre and Romsdal.
Second Battle of Solskjel (ca. 870)	Vestfold	Sunnmøre Firda	Vestfold victory Rognvald Eysteinsson becomes the Jarl of Møre.
Götaland Campaign (ca. 870)	Vestfold	Geats	Vestfold victory Guttorm Haraldsson becomes King of Rånrike.
Battle of Fjaler (ca. 870)	Earldom of Lade	Earldom of Sogn	Indecisive Death of Håkon Grjotgardsson and Atle Mjove.
Battle of Hafrsfjord (872)	Vestfold	Hordaland Rogaland Agder	Vestfold victory Norway unified under King Harald I.

Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Battle of Rastarkalv (955)	Haakon the Good	Eric Bloodaxe Denmark	Victory of Haakon the Good Destruction of Danish force
Battle of Fitjar (961)	Haakon the Good	Eric Bloodaxe Denmark	Pyrrhic victory to Haakon the Good Harald Greycloak becomes king
Sack of Santiago de Compostela (968)	Norwegian Vikings	Kingdom of Galicia	Victory
Norwegian-Jomsviking War (986)	Kingdom of Norway	Denmark Jomsvikings	Victory Danish fleet defeated
Battle of Maldon (991)	Kingdom of Norway	Anglo-Saxons	Victory First English payment of Danegeld
Battle of Svolder (999/1000)	Kingdom of Norway	Denmark Sweden Earls of Lade	Defeat Death of Olaf Tryggvason
Battle of Thetford (1004)	Norway Anglo-Saxons	Kingdom of Denmark	Anglo-Norwegian Victory
Olav II's landing in Osilia (1008)	Kingdom of Norway	Osilians	Victory The Osilians are defeated
Battle at Herdaler (1007/8)	Kingdom of Norway	Finns of Herdaler	Defeat Olaf Haraldson got almost killed and lost many men^[4]
Swedish-Norwegian War (1015-1018)	Kingdom of Norway	Kingdom of Sweden	Victory Olav II reconquers any land lost to Sweden excluding Jämtland, Härjedalen and Hälsingland, in which Jämtland and Härjedalen wouldn't be recorded as under Norwegian overlordship until 1111.
Olav II's conquest of Norway (1015-1016) Battle of Nesjar Raid on Denmark	Kingdom of Norway	Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Denmark Earldom of Orkney	Victory The territorial changes following the Battle of Svolder are reversed, barring Jämtland, which would remain under Swedish overlordship until the 12th century.
Battle of Nesjar (1016)	Olaf II	Sweyn Haakonsson Various farmer-chieftains	Victory to Olaf II Sweyn Haakonsson driven into exile
Battle of the Helgeå (1026)	Kingdom of Norway Sweden	Anglo-Danish Kingdom	Defeat Cnut the Great dominates Scandinavia
Battle of Stiklestad (1030)	Olaf II	Peasant Army	Peasant victory Death of Olaf II
Sweyn Estridssons Rebellion (1043)	Kingdom of Norway Danish Loyalists	Denmark Wends	Victory Rebellion crushed Magnus the Good is kept king over both Norway and Denmark Sweyn Estridsson flees to Sweden
Battle of Lyrskov Heath (1043)	Kingdom of Norway Danish Loyalists	Wends Danish Rebels	Victory Up to 15.000 Wends killed^[5]
Norwegian-Wendish War (1043)	Kingdom of Norway Danish Loyalists	Wends Danish Rebels	Victory Destruction the Viking fort Jomsborg, possibly to destroy the Danish competitors to the throne. Plundering of the Wendish town of Jumne.
Invasions of Denmark (1048–1064)	Kingdom of Norway	Denmark	Stalemate Peace agreement, mutual recognition and withdrawal
First Swedish-Norwegian War [ no ] (1063/4)	Kingdom of Norway	Haakon Ivarsson [ no ] Kingdom of Sweden	Victory Hadrada defeats Haakon Ivarsson Jarl Norwegian authority strengthened in the Uplands
Revolt in the Uplands (1064-1065)	Kingdom of Norway	Revolting farmers	Victory Small farms and villages burned down by Hadrada. Uplands becomes more integrated into Norway
Battle of Fulford (1066)	Kingdom of Norway	England	Victory Norwegians gain Fulford and later York
Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066)	Kingdom of Norway	England	Defeat Death of King Harald Hardrada
First Irish Sea Campaign (1098)	Kingdom of Norway	England Irish Kingdoms^{[ clarification needed ]}	Victory Norwegian reconquest in the Irish Sea
Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101)	Kingdom of Norway	Sweden	Inconclusive Through the marriage of Magnus Barefoot and Margaret Fredkulla, Inge's daughter, Norway gains the land of Dalsland. However, due to the marriage being childless, Dalsland never becomes integrated into Norway, and it's returned to Sweden after Magnus died in 1103
Second Irish Sea Campaign (1101/1102–1103)	Kingdom of Norway	England Irish Kingdoms^{[ clarification needed ]}	Defeat Norway loses control of the Irish Sea region
Norwegian Crusade (1107–1110) Siege of Sidon Siege of Lisbon (1109	Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of Norway Republic of Venice	Fatimid Caliphate Almoravid Empire Taifa of Badajoz Taifa of Majorca Barbary pirates of Majorca	Victory Lordship of Sidon created
Siege of Lisbon (1109)	Kingdom of Norway	Almoravid Empire	Victory Norwegian raid on Lisbon successful Lisbon falls under Norwegian control.
Kalmare ledung (1123)	Kingdom of Norway	Norse pagans	Victory The pagans converted to Christianity
Civil war era in Norway (1130–1240)	Birkebeiners	Baglers	Birkebeiner victory Håkon Håkonsson became king
Campaign in Värmland (1225)	Kingdom of Norway	Värmland	Inconclusive Treaty of Lödöse
Battle of the Neva (1240)	Sweden Finns Tavastia Kingdom of Norway	Novgorod Republic Karelians	Defeat Sweden fails to capture Staraya Ladoga
Halland Campaign (1256)	Norway	Denmark	Peace treaty signed Norway renounces its claim on Halland Ingeborg marries Magnus VI of Norway
Danish-Norwegian War (1289-1295)	Norway Danish outlaws	Denmark	Victory North Halland ceded to Kingdom of Norway
Scottish–Norwegian War (1261–1264)	Kingdom of Norway	Scotland	Treaty of Perth Indecisive Hebrides and Isle of Man bought from Norway for 4,000 marks to become part of Scotland Norwegian sovereignty recognised over Orkney and Shetland
Second Swedish Brother's Feud [ no ] (1304–1310)	Kingdom of Norway Duke Eric and Valdemar	Denmark Birger Magnusson	Defeat Death of Duke Eric and Valdemar
Siege of Ragnhildsholmen [ sv ] (1308)	Kingdom of Norway	Kingdom of Sweden	Defeat
Battle of Kalvsund [ no ] (1309)	Kingdom of Norway	Kingdom of Sweden	Victory
War against Albert of Mecklenberg (1363–1371)	Kingdom of Norway	Albert of Mecklenberg Mecklenburg	Stalemate Haakon VI pays a large ransom to have Magnus IV of Sweden released. Afterwards Haakon continues ruling Norway and Sweden until his death in 1374.

Kalmar Union (1397–1523)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
War with the Victual Brothers (1392–1398)	Kalmar Union	Victual Brothers	Victory Formation of the Kalmar Union.
Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435)	Kalmar Union	House of Schaumburg Hanseatic League	Defeat Treaty of Vordingborg
Krummedige-Tre Rosor feud (1448 - 1502)	Krummedige family Denmark	Tre Rosor family Sweden	Krummedige victory The male Tre Rosor line in Norway becomes extinct. Norwegian monarchy strengthened Prince Christian maintains control over Norway.
Swedish Invasions of Norway (1449, 1453)	Pro-Danish Norwegians Denmark	Pro-Swedish Norwegians Sweden	Eventual Pro-Danish victory Charles VIII is temporarily elected king of Norway during the first invasion, but he later renounces his claim. Christian I becomes king of Norway in 1450, in which Sweden invades three years later. The invasion results in a failure with many casualties.
Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)	Kalmar Union	Sweden Free City of Lübeck Norwegian rebels^[6]	Victory Treaty of Malmö (1512)
Alvsson Rebellion (1501–1504)	Knut Alvsson (until 1502) Nils Ravaldsson (from 1502) Sweden	Kalmar Union	Defeat Dano-Norwegian ties solidified
Swedish War of Liberation (1521–1523)	Kalmar Union	Sweden Free City of Lübeck	Defeat Treaty of Malmö, dissolution of the Kalmar Union.

Denmark–Norway (1523–1814)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Reformation in Norway (1536–1537)	Denmark Protestants	Catholics	Creation of Denmark-Norway
Livonian War (1558–1583)	Livonian Confederation Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union) Denmark–Norway Kingdom of Sweden	Tsardom of Russia Qasim Khanate Kingdom of Livonia	Victory Estonia to Sweden Livonia, Courland and Semigallia to Poland–Lithuania Ösel to Denmark–Norway
Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)	Denmark–Norway Poland-Lithuania Lübeck	Sweden	Stalemate Treaty of Stettin, Status quo ante bellum
Kalmar War (1611–1613)	Denmark–Norway	Sweden	Victory Denmark-Norway defended her Dominium maris baltici
Thirty Years' War (1625–1629)	Denmark–Norway Sweden	Holy Roman Empire The Catholic League	Defeat Treaty of Lübeck, disengagement from imperial affairs
Torstenson War (1643–1645)	Denmark–Norway Holy Roman Empire	Sweden	Defeat Treaty of Brömsebro, huge Danish concessions
First Karl Gustav War (1657–1658)	Denmark–Norway	Sweden	Defeat Treaty of Roskilde, huge Danish concessions
Second Karl Gustav War (1658–1660)	Denmark–Norway Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Poland-Lithuania Brandenburg-Prussia	Sweden	Victory Treaty of Copenhagen; Bornholm and Trøndelag returned to Denmark-Norway
Battle of Vågen (1665)	Denmark–Norway Dutch Republic	England	Victory British fleet repelled with Norwegian aid
Scanian War (1675–1679)	Denmark–Norway Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Brandenburg-Prussia	Sweden France	Stalemate Treaties of Fontainebleau and Lund
Great Northern War (1700–1721)	Russia Denmark–Norway Saxony Poland–Lithuania Prussia Hanover Great Britain	Sweden Poland–Lithuania Ottoman Empire Cossack Hetmanate England Great Britain Dutch Republic Brunswick-Lüneburg	Victory Decline of the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Danish–Algerian War (1770–1772)	Denmark–Norway	Dey of Algiers	Defeat Punitive expedition unsuccessful
Theatre War (1788–1789)	Denmark–Norway	Sweden	Defeat Return to Status quo ante bellum
Action of 16 May 1797 (1797)	Denmark–Norway	Tripolitania	Victory Peace treaty with the Bey of Tripoli
Battle of Copenhagen (1801)	Denmark–Norway	United Kingdom	Defeat Strategical defeat of the Danish-Norwegian fleet
Gunboat War (1807–1814)	Denmark–Norway	United Kingdom	Defeat Contributed to the end of the Dano-Norwegian Union
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09 (1808–1809)	Denmark–Norway France	Sweden United Kingdom	Stalemate Return to Status quo ante bellum
Dano-Swedish War of 1813–14 (1813–1814)	Denmark–Norway	Sweden United Kingdom	Defeat Treaty of Kiel, Norway ceded to King of Sweden

Kingdom of Norway (1814–present)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Prime Minister	Casualties
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)	Norway	Sweden	Defeat(but Swedish acceptance of the Eidsvoll Constitution) Norway entered a personal union with Sweden	Peder Anker	~400 killed
World War II (1940–1945)	Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France Poland Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Canada Australia New Zealand South Africa Ethiopia Brazil Mexico Colombia Cuba Philippines Mongolia	Germany Japan Italy Romania Hungary Bulgaria Slovakia Croatia	Victory Collapse of the German Realm Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War	Johan Nygaardsvold	10,262 killed
Congo Crisis (1960–1964)	Congo-Léopoldville ONUC Ireland Sweden Norway India Nigeria Ethiopia	Katanga South Kasai	Victory Debellation of Congolese separatist states	Einar Gerhardsen	None
Bosnian War (1992–1995)	NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	Republika Srpska	Victory Dayton Agreement, deployment of NATO-led IFOR	Gro Harlem Brundtland	None
Kosovo War (1998–1999)	UÇK NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Kumanovo Treaty	Kjell Magne Bondevik	None
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)	Afghanistan ISAF United States United Kingdom Australia Canada Germany France Italy Czech Republic Netherlands Turkey Romania Georgia South Korea Poland Denmark Sweden Norway Finland Singapore New Zealand Mongolia Bulgaria Hungary Belgium Estonia Latvia Lithuania Portugal Albania Slovenia	Taliban	Defeat Fall of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Taliban retake Kabul	Kjell Magne Bondevik	10 killed
Libyan Civil War (2011)	NTC NATO and allies France United Kingdom United States Belgium Canada Denmark Netherlands Norway Spain Turkey Jordan Sweden UAE Qatar	Libya	Victory The NTC assumed interim control of Libya	Jens Stoltenberg	None

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References

↑ "The Vikings raided Africa and then took slaves back to Ireland | Smash Company".
↑ "History: The Viking Adventure In Morocco".
↑ Ibn-Adhari, translated in Stefansson, Jon, "The Vikings in Spain. From Arabic (Moorish) and Spanish Sources". In Saga-Book of the Viking Club: Vol. VI Proceedings. University of London King's College, 1909, pp. 40–41.
↑ "Heimskringla: Saga of Olaf Haraldson: Part I". mcllibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
↑ Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. p. 403. ISBN 9780192801340. Battle of Lyrskov Hede.
↑ Erik Opsahl. "Knut Alvsson". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2017.

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[1] "The Vikings raided Africa and then took slaves back to Ireland | Smash Company".

[2] "History: The Viking Adventure In Morocco".

[Stefansson1909pp40-1-3] Ibn-Adhari, translated in Stefansson, Jon, "The Vikings in Spain. From Arabic (Moorish) and Spanish Sources". In Saga-Book of the Viking Club: Vol. VI Proceedings. University of London King's College, 1909, pp. 40–41.

[4] "Heimskringla: Saga of Olaf Haraldson: Part I". mcllibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.

[5] Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. p. 403. ISBN 9780192801340. Battle of Lyrskov Hede.

[6] Erik Opsahl. "Knut Alvsson". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2017.

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v t e Lists of wars involving European countries
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