Cape Coast

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Cape Coast, Oguaa
City of Cape Coast
City
Cape Coast Montage.jpg
1st top-left image; Arch bridge and Harbour view from Elmina Castle in Cape Coast • 2nd bottom-left image; City hall of Cape Coast • 1st top-right image; Shores of Cape Coast • 2nd bottom-right image; Balcony of Cape Coast Castle.
Ghana adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Cape Coast
Africa location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Cape Coast
Coordinates: 05°06′N01°15′W / 5.100°N 1.250°W / 5.100; -1.250
CountryFlag of Ghana.svg  Ghana
Admin. Region Central Region
District Cape Coast Metropolitan
Founded1482
Government
  Member of Parliament for Cape Coast NorthDr. Kwamena Minta Nyarku (NDC)
  Members of Parliament for Cape Coast SouthKweku George Ricketts-Hagan (NDC)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2010)
  Total169,894 [1]
Demonym Cape Coaster
Time zone GMT
Postcode district
CC
Area code 033
Website http://ccma.gov.gh/

Cape Coast is a city, fishing port, and the capital of Cape Coast Metropolitan District and Central Region of Ghana. It is one of the country's most historic cities, a World Heritage Site, home to the Cape Coast Castle, with the Gulf of Guinea situated to its south. [2] According to the 2010 census, Cape Coast had a settlement population of 169,894 people. [1] The language of the people of Cape Coast is Fante. [3]

Contents

The older traditional names of the city are Oguaa and Kotokuraba (meaning "River of Crabs" or "Village of Crabs"). [4] The Portuguese navigators João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar who sailed past Oguaa in 1471 designated the place Cabo Corso (meaning "short cape"), from which the name Cape Coast derives. [4] From the 16th century to the country's independence in 1957, the city changed hands between the British, the Portuguese, the Swedish, the Danish and the Dutch. It is home to 32 festivals and celebrations. [5]

History

Cape Coast was founded by the people of Oguaa and the region ruled over by the paramount chief, or Omanhene, is known today as Oguaa Traditional Area. [4] Cape Coast is one of the most historical cities in Ghana. [6] Portuguese colonists built a trading fort in the area. In 1650, the Swedes built a lodge that would later become the better known Cape Coast Castle, which is now a World Heritage Site. Most of the modern town expanded around it. The Dutch took it over in 1650 and expanded it in 1652. It was then captured by the British in 1664.

Trade was an important motivator in the creation of fortresses and settlements on Cape Coast. Traders from various European countries built these trading lodges, forts and castles along the coast of modern Ghana. Unfortunately, the acquisition of gold, slaves, honey, and the many other goods that composed the African leg of the Triangular Trade was increasingly detrimental to the inhabitants of Cape Coast. [7] [ page needed ] In 1874, the British dominated all European presence along the coast of modern-day Ghana using Cape Coast as their base of operations, Gold Coast.

In the 19th century, concerns over Cape Coast's climate prompted discussions about relocating the headquarters to Accra, seen as a healthier alternative. Colonel Henry Ord's report in 1865 highlighted Accra's appeal, but an earthquake in 1862 damaged key government buildings, thwarting plans. [8] By the 1870s, Cape Coast's climate and sanitation issues persisted, leading to consideration of alternatives such as Ada, Elmina, and Accra. Despite Elmina's drawbacks, Accra's advantages, including its commercial significance and relatively healthy surroundings, outweighed its shortcomings. [9] Ultimately, in 1875, the decision was made to move the Gold Coast Colony's headquarters to Accra.

With the establishment of formal colonial administration, they relocated to Accra following opposition to the "window tax" in 1877. Accra became their state. Cape Coast Castle was also where most of the slaves were held before their journey on the Middle Passage.

Asafo companies

Oguaa Traditional Area has seven asafo companies – traditional warrior groups, based on lineal descent, whose historical role was defence of the state [10] (the word deriving from sa, meaning "war", and fo, meaning "people") – with a complex social and political organization based on martial principles, [11] and elaborate traditions of visual art. [12] [13] The asafo companies feature largely in Cape Coast's annual Fetu Afahye festival held on the first Saturday of September, [14] and each have historically established uniform colours: Esi Sutherland-Addy identifies these as: No. 1. Bentsir – red; No. 2. Anafo – blue and white; No. 3. Ntsin – green; No. 4. Nkum – yellow; No. 5. Amanful – wine and black; No. 6. Abrofomba (Brofo Nkoa) – white; No. 7. Ankrampa – white and black. [15]

20th century

The city's St. Francis Cathedral was dedicated in 1928. [16] The building is the first Catholic Cathedral built in Ghana. [17] In addition, one of the first Catholic schools in Ghana, St. Augustine College, was established in Cape Coast during 1936. [18] The cocoa marketing boom of the 1900s that Ghana experienced, the city experienced a certain period of economic prosperity. After the completion of harbours and railways in other parts of the country such as Sekondi and Kumasi, cocoa cultivation and trade in Ghana diversified and Cape Coast lost some importance. [19] However, after the establishment of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese and the university of the city in 1950 and 1962 respectively, Cape Coast became a regional educational hub for this area of Ghana. [19]

Transportation

There are Public Transports from Cape Coast to major cities such as Accra; Kumasi, Mim, Ahafo; Sunyani; Tamale; Tema; Ho; Wa; Bolgatanga; Elubo; Aflao, Techiman.

Administration

Cape Coast is the only Metropolitan Assembly in the Central Region. The Assembly is bounded to the south by the Gulf of Guinea, west by the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem, East by the Abura Asebu Kwamankese District, and to the north by the Twifu Heman Lower Denkyira District. It also has two Parliamentary constituencies, which are Cape Coast North (Ghana parliament constituency) and Cape Coast South (Ghana parliament constituency). The Assembly has 45 Electoral Areas, with 30 being in Cape Coast South (Ghana parliament constituency) and 15 being in Cape Coast North (Ghana parliament constituency).

Electoral Areas

NameGenderMembership TypeRegion NameDistrict NameConstituency NameElectoral NameTerm ends
EBOW HALMMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHAKYIMDec-23
MENSAH JOHNMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHEKON ETSIFIDec-23
GIDEON MPUSUMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHEKON ANAAFODec-23
LAMIDI ALHASSANMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHTANTRI/AYIKOO AYIKOODec-23
JUSTICE OBENGMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHBROFOYEDURDec-23
JOHN SAMMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHMPEASEM/AMOAKOFOADec-23
PAUL ATO AMOAKOMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHAMANFUL EASTDec-23
ABRAHAM WOODEMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHAMANFUL WESTDec-23
JOSEPH HAGANMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHGEGEMDec-23
ANTHONY MENSAH-SPIOMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHENYITSIWDODec-23
STEPHEN DOFFOE FORSONMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHKROO TOWNDec-23
SAMUEL KOBNA BIADOO-ACGUAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHGYEGYEANODec-23
AUGUSTINE KOJO PENIEL AIDOOMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHNTSINDec-23
GODFRED ABRAHAMMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHCHAPEL SQUARE NICTORIA PARKDec-23
SAMUEL DOUGLAS DUNCANMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST NORTHTAMESEASEDec-23
RICHARD EKOW MOSESMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHLONDON BRIDGEDec-23
EDDIE DAWSONMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHTUROMDec-23
ALBERT BEDFORD MOSES.MALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHBAKAANODec-23
NOEL MIAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHANOKYINEIFAWOHODZIDec-23
EKOW FILSONMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHKAWANOPADODec-23
AHMED ABDULAIMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHTSIMTSIMHWE 1KOTOKURABADec-23
BABA ALI SUMAILAMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHKADADWENDec-23
JOEL AMPONSAH-DADZIEMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHABOOM WELLSDec-23
FREDERICK JOHNSONMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHABOOMIMASTER SAMDec-23
ALHASSAN SULEMANMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHASIKAFOAMBANTEM /ANTEMDec-23
MUNTALA MOHAMMEDMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHADISADELDec-23
HUSSEINI SHAIBUMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHTSIBU DARKODec-23
ISAAC WINFULMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHBLACK STARDec-23
TSIBU-DARKO PRINCEMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHOLA LOW COSTDec-23
SAMUEL E. KRAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHOLA MAD I NADec-23
FREDERICK JUSTICE THAM MENSAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTH3RD RIDGE / NKANFOADec-23
ISAAC KOBINA MENSAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHPEDU NGUABADODec-23
JAMES ARTHURMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHPEDU ABAKADZEDec-23
WISDOM SUKAMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHABAKAM/AHENEBOBOIDec-23
FRANCIS MENSAH EGYIRMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHUNIVERSITY OLD SITE /APEVVOSIKADec-23
JOHN KILSON MENSAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHUNIVERSITY NEW SITE / KWAPROWDec-23
MOSES ARTHURMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHNKWANTADO/ASSIMDec-23
ABDUL MALIK ADJEIMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHETSIFUEYIFUADec-23
USMAN EGYIN ABBAMMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHKAKOMDODec-23
KOBINA ISSAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHEBUBONKOIAMISSANODec-23
BENJAMIN MANSOMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHESSUEKYIRDec-23
GEORGE ANAFOMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHANKAFULDec-23
DAVID OWUMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHMPEASEWBIRIMS0Dec-23
PAUL NAT AMISSAHMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHKOFORIDUNNY1NASINDec-23
ALHAJI MUSTAPHAABDULLHAMALEELECTEDCENTRALCape Coast MetropolitanCAPE COAST SOUTHEFUTU MAMPONGDec-23

Geography

Topography

The area is dominated by batholith rock and is generally undulating with steep slopes. There are valleys of various streams between the hills, with Kakum being the largest stream.

The minor streams end in wetlands, the largest of which drains into the Fosu Lagoon at Bakano. In the northern part of the district, however, the landscape is suitable for the cultivation of various crops. [20]

Climate

Cape Coast has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw/As) with two long wet seasons – a heavier one from March to July and a lighter one from September to November – alongside two short dry seasons in January/February and in August.

Cape Coast is a humid area with mean monthly relative humidity varying between 85% and 99%. The sea breeze has a moderating effect on the local climate. [20]

Climate data for Cape Coast
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)32
(89)
31
(87)
31
(87)
31
(87)
30
(86)
29
(84)
27
(80)
27
(80)
26
(79)
28
(83)
31
(87)
30
(86)
32
(89)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)24
(75)
24
(76)
24
(76)
25
(77)
24
(76)
24
(75)
23
(73)
22
(71)
21
(70)
23
(73)
24
(76)
23
(74)
23
(73)
Average rainfall mm (inches)25
(1.0)
25
(1.0)
76
(3.0)
130
(5.0)
230
(9.0)
230
(9.0)
100
(4.0)
25
(1.0)
76
(3.0)
100
(4.0)
130
(5.0)
150
(6.0)
1,297
(51)
Source: Myweather2.com [21]

Attractions

The crab is the city's mascot and a statue of one stands in the city centre. Fort William, built in 1820, was an active lighthouse from 1835 to the 1970s, while Fort Victoria was built in 1702.

The main market of Cape Coast is called Kotokuraba Market. [22]

Other attractions include a series of Asafo shrines, Cape Coast Centre for National Culture, the Oguaa Fetu Afahye festival (held on the first Saturday of September), and since 1992, the biennial Panafest theatre festival. [23] The city is located 30 km south of Kakum National Park, one of the most diverse and best preserved national parks in West Africa.

It is believed that Michelle Obama, US First Lady, considers Cape Coast as her ancestral home, [24] and on 11 July 2009, she took the rest of the first family to tour Cape Coast Castle as part of her husband's trip to Cape Coast.

Cape Coast Castle, Ghana.jpg
Centre of Cape Coast Castle
UCC Palmenallee.jpg
Main street of the University of Cape Coast

Education

University of Cape Coast Library Complex University Library complex.JPG
University of Cape Coast Library Complex

Cape Coast is the seat of the University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana's leading university in teaching and research. Cape Vars, as it is popularly called, lies on a hill overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. It also has one of the best Polytechnics, the Cape Coast Polytechnic (C-POLY). The city also boasts some of Ghana's finest secondary and technical schools:

Notable people

Notable people born in or associated with Cape Coast include:

Media house

Foods

The Fante people of Ghana are notable for their way of cooking. They are known for eating rich cuisine, mostly with more fish, meat, or any form of protein than necessary. It is believed that this is because of the number of rivers and lakes situated in the town. The people are known for their expert fishing and fish preservation abilities. Some of the cuisines are fante fante, stew and pepper sauce or okro stew, fante kenkey, which can be eaten with soups, stews or shito.

Sister cities

List of sister cities of Cape Coast, designated by Sister Cities International:

CountryCityCounty / District / Region / StateDate
Flag of Germany.svg Germany Flagge der kreisfreien Stadt Bonn.svg Bonn Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia.svg North Rhine-Westphalia 2012
Flag of the United States.svg United States Flag of Buffalo, New York.svg Buffalo Flag of New York.svg New York
Flag of the United States.svg United States  Hanover Park Flag of Illinois.svg Illinois

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

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