Cape Coast, Oguaa City of Cape Coast | |
---|---|
City | |
Coordinates: 05°06′N01°15′W / 5.100°N 1.250°W | |
Country | Ghana |
Admin. Region | Central Region |
District | Cape Coast Metropolitan |
Founded | 1482 |
Government | |
• Member of Parliament for Cape Coast North | Dr. Kwamena Minta Nyarku (NDC) |
• Members of Parliament for Cape Coast South | Kweku George Ricketts-Hagan (NDC) |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
Population (2010) | |
• Total | 169,894 [1] |
Demonym | Cape Coaster |
Time zone | GMT |
Postcode district | |
Area code | 033 |
Website | http://ccma.gov.gh/ |
Cape Coast is a city, fishing port, and the capital of Cape Coast Metropolitan District and Central Region of Ghana. It is one of the country's most historic cities, a World Heritage Site, home to the Cape Coast Castle, with the Gulf of Guinea situated to its south. [2] According to the 2010 census, Cape Coast had a settlement population of 169,894 people. [1] The language of the people of Cape Coast is Fante. [3]
The older traditional names of the city are Oguaa and Kotokuraba (meaning "River of Crabs" or "Village of Crabs"). [4] The Portuguese navigators João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar who sailed past Oguaa in 1471 designated the place Cabo Corso (meaning "short cape"), from which the name Cape Coast derives. [4] From the 16th century to the country's independence in 1957, the city changed hands between the British, the Portuguese, the Swedish, the Danish and the Dutch. It is home to 32 festivals and celebrations. [5]
Cape Coast was founded by the people of Oguaa and the region ruled over by the paramount chief, or Omanhene, is known today as Oguaa Traditional Area. [4] Cape Coast is one of the most historical cities in Ghana. [6] Portuguese colonists built a trading fort in the area. In 1650, the Swedes built a lodge that would later become the better known Cape Coast Castle, which is now a World Heritage Site. Most of the modern town expanded around it. The Dutch took it over in 1650 and expanded it in 1652. It was then captured by the British in 1664.
Trade was an important motivator in the creation of fortresses and settlements on Cape Coast. Traders from various European countries built these trading lodges, forts and castles along the coast of modern Ghana. Unfortunately, the acquisition of gold, slaves, honey, and the many other goods that composed the African leg of the Triangular Trade was increasingly detrimental to the inhabitants of Cape Coast. [7] [ page needed ] In 1874, the British dominated all European presence along the coast of modern-day Ghana using Cape Coast as their base of operations, Gold Coast.
In the 19th century, concerns over Cape Coast's climate prompted discussions about relocating the headquarters to Accra, seen as a healthier alternative. Colonel Henry Ord's report in 1865 highlighted Accra's appeal, but an earthquake in 1862 damaged key government buildings, thwarting plans. [8] By the 1870s, Cape Coast's climate and sanitation issues persisted, leading to consideration of alternatives such as Ada, Elmina, and Accra. Despite Elmina's drawbacks, Accra's advantages, including its commercial significance and relatively healthy surroundings, outweighed its shortcomings. [9] Ultimately, in 1875, the decision was made to move the Gold Coast Colony's headquarters to Accra.
With the establishment of formal colonial administration, they relocated to Accra following opposition to the "window tax" in 1877. Accra became their state. Cape Coast Castle was also where most of the slaves were held before their journey on the Middle Passage.
Oguaa Traditional Area has seven asafo companies – traditional warrior groups, based on lineal descent, whose historical role was defence of the state [10] (the word deriving from sa, meaning "war", and fo, meaning "people") – with a complex social and political organization based on martial principles, [11] and elaborate traditions of visual art. [12] [13] The asafo companies feature largely in Cape Coast's annual Fetu Afahye festival held on the first Saturday of September, [14] and each have historically established uniform colours: Esi Sutherland-Addy identifies these as: No. 1. Bentsir – red; No. 2. Anafo – blue and white; No. 3. Ntsin – green; No. 4. Nkum – yellow; No. 5. Amanful – wine and black; No. 6. Abrofomba (Brofo Nkoa) – white; No. 7. Ankrampa – white and black. [15]
The city's St. Francis Cathedral was dedicated in 1928. [16] The building is the first Catholic Cathedral built in Ghana. [17] In addition, one of the first Catholic schools in Ghana, St. Augustine College, was established in Cape Coast during 1936. [18] The cocoa marketing boom of the 1900s that Ghana experienced, the city experienced a certain period of economic prosperity. After the completion of harbours and railways in other parts of the country such as Sekondi and Kumasi, cocoa cultivation and trade in Ghana diversified and Cape Coast lost some importance. [19] However, after the establishment of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese and the university of the city in 1950 and 1962 respectively, Cape Coast became a regional educational hub for this area of Ghana. [19]
There are Public Transports from Cape Coast to major cities such as Accra; Kumasi, Mim, Ahafo; Sunyani; Tamale; Tema; Ho; Wa; Bolgatanga; Elubo; Aflao, Techiman.
Cape Coast is the only Metropolitan Assembly in the Central Region. The Assembly is bounded to the south by the Gulf of Guinea, west by the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem, East by the Abura Asebu Kwamankese District, and to the north by the Twifu Heman Lower Denkyira District. It also has two Parliamentary constituencies, which are Cape Coast North (Ghana parliament constituency) and Cape Coast South (Ghana parliament constituency). The Assembly has 45 Electoral Areas, with 30 being in Cape Coast South (Ghana parliament constituency) and 15 being in Cape Coast North (Ghana parliament constituency).
Name | Gender | Membership Type | Region Name | District Name | Constituency Name | Electoral Name | Term ends |
EBOW HALM | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | AKYIM | Dec-23 |
MENSAH JOHN | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | EKON ETSIFI | Dec-23 |
GIDEON MPUSU | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | EKON ANAAFO | Dec-23 |
LAMIDI ALHASSAN | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | TANTRI/AYIKOO AYIKOO | Dec-23 |
JUSTICE OBENG | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | BROFOYEDUR | Dec-23 |
JOHN SAM | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | MPEASEM/AMOAKOFOA | Dec-23 |
PAUL ATO AMOAKO | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | AMANFUL EAST | Dec-23 |
ABRAHAM WOODE | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | AMANFUL WEST | Dec-23 |
JOSEPH HAGAN | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | GEGEM | Dec-23 |
ANTHONY MENSAH-SPIO | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | ENYITSIWDO | Dec-23 |
STEPHEN DOFFOE FORSON | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | KROO TOWN | Dec-23 |
SAMUEL KOBNA BIADOO-ACGUAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | GYEGYEANO | Dec-23 |
AUGUSTINE KOJO PENIEL AIDOO | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | NTSIN | Dec-23 |
GODFRED ABRAHAM | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | CHAPEL SQUARE NICTORIA PARK | Dec-23 |
SAMUEL DOUGLAS DUNCAN | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST NORTH | TAMESEASE | Dec-23 |
RICHARD EKOW MOSES | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | LONDON BRIDGE | Dec-23 |
EDDIE DAWSON | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | TUROM | Dec-23 |
ALBERT BEDFORD MOSES. | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | BAKAANO | Dec-23 |
NOEL MIAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ANOKYINEIFAWOHODZI | Dec-23 |
EKOW FILSON | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | KAWANOPADO | Dec-23 |
AHMED ABDULAI | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | TSIMTSIMHWE 1KOTOKURABA | Dec-23 |
BABA ALI SUMAILA | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | KADADWEN | Dec-23 |
JOEL AMPONSAH-DADZIE | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ABOOM WELLS | Dec-23 |
FREDERICK JOHNSON | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ABOOMIMASTER SAM | Dec-23 |
ALHASSAN SULEMAN | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ASIKAFOAMBANTEM /ANTEM | Dec-23 |
MUNTALA MOHAMMED | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ADISADEL | Dec-23 |
HUSSEINI SHAIBU | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | TSIBU DARKO | Dec-23 |
ISAAC WINFUL | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | BLACK STAR | Dec-23 |
TSIBU-DARKO PRINCE | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | OLA LOW COST | Dec-23 |
SAMUEL E. KRAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | OLA MAD I NA | Dec-23 |
FREDERICK JUSTICE THAM MENSAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | 3RD RIDGE / NKANFOA | Dec-23 |
ISAAC KOBINA MENSAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | PEDU NGUABADO | Dec-23 |
JAMES ARTHUR | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | PEDU ABAKADZE | Dec-23 |
WISDOM SUKA | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ABAKAM/AHENEBOBOI | Dec-23 |
FRANCIS MENSAH EGYIR | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | UNIVERSITY OLD SITE /APEVVOSIKA | Dec-23 |
JOHN KILSON MENSAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | UNIVERSITY NEW SITE / KWAPROW | Dec-23 |
MOSES ARTHUR | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | NKWANTADO/ASSIM | Dec-23 |
ABDUL MALIK ADJEI | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ETSIFUEYIFUA | Dec-23 |
USMAN EGYIN ABBAM | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | KAKOMDO | Dec-23 |
KOBINA ISSAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | EBUBONKOIAMISSANO | Dec-23 |
BENJAMIN MANSO | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ESSUEKYIR | Dec-23 |
GEORGE ANAFO | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | ANKAFUL | Dec-23 |
DAVID OWU | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | MPEASEWBIRIMS0 | Dec-23 |
PAUL NAT AMISSAH | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | KOFORIDUNNY1NASIN | Dec-23 |
ALHAJI MUSTAPHAABDULLHA | MALE | ELECTED | CENTRAL | Cape Coast Metropolitan | CAPE COAST SOUTH | EFUTU MAMPONG | Dec-23 |
The area is dominated by batholith rock and is generally undulating with steep slopes. There are valleys of various streams between the hills, with Kakum being the largest stream.
The minor streams end in wetlands, the largest of which drains into the Fosu Lagoon at Bakano. In the northern part of the district, however, the landscape is suitable for the cultivation of various crops. [20]
Cape Coast has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw/As) with two long wet seasons – a heavier one from March to July and a lighter one from September to November – alongside two short dry seasons in January/February and in August.
Cape Coast is a humid area with mean monthly relative humidity varying between 85% and 99%. The sea breeze has a moderating effect on the local climate. [20]
Climate data for Cape Coast | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32 (89) | 31 (87) | 31 (87) | 31 (87) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 27 (80) | 27 (80) | 26 (79) | 28 (83) | 31 (87) | 30 (86) | 32 (89) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24 (75) | 24 (76) | 24 (76) | 25 (77) | 24 (76) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (71) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) | 24 (76) | 23 (74) | 23 (73) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25 (1.0) | 25 (1.0) | 76 (3.0) | 130 (5.0) | 230 (9.0) | 230 (9.0) | 100 (4.0) | 25 (1.0) | 76 (3.0) | 100 (4.0) | 130 (5.0) | 150 (6.0) | 1,297 (51) |
Source: Myweather2.com [21] |
The crab is the city's mascot and a statue of one stands in the city centre. Fort William, built in 1820, was an active lighthouse from 1835 to the 1970s, while Fort Victoria was built in 1702.
The main market of Cape Coast is called Kotokuraba Market. [22]
Other attractions include a series of Asafo shrines, Cape Coast Centre for National Culture, the Oguaa Fetu Afahye festival (held on the first Saturday of September), and since 1992, the biennial Panafest theatre festival. [23] The city is located 30 km south of Kakum National Park, one of the most diverse and best preserved national parks in West Africa.
It is believed that Michelle Obama, US First Lady, considers Cape Coast as her ancestral home, [24] and on 11 July 2009, she took the rest of the first family to tour Cape Coast Castle as part of her husband's trip to Cape Coast.
Cape Coast is the seat of the University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana's leading university in teaching and research. Cape Vars, as it is popularly called, lies on a hill overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. It also has one of the best Polytechnics, the Cape Coast Polytechnic (C-POLY). The city also boasts some of Ghana's finest secondary and technical schools:
Notable people born in or associated with Cape Coast include:
The Fante people of Ghana are notable for their way of cooking. They are known for eating rich cuisine, mostly with more fish, meat, or any form of protein than necessary. It is believed that this is because of the number of rivers and lakes situated in the town. The people are known for their expert fishing and fish preservation abilities. Some of the cuisines are fante fante, stew and pepper sauce or okro stew, fante kenkey, which can be eaten with soups, stews or shito.
List of sister cities of Cape Coast, designated by Sister Cities International:
Country | City | County / District / Region / State | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Germany | Bonn | North Rhine-Westphalia | 2012 |
United States | Buffalo | New York | |
United States | Hanover Park | Illinois |
The Mfantsefo or Fante are an Akan people. The Fante people are mainly located in the Central and Western regions of Ghana, occupying the forest and coastal areas. Their land stretches from the Pra estuary in the west to the Accra borders in the east. The Fante can be broadly categorized into two groups - the Borbor Fante and the non-Borbor Fante. Over the last half century, due to fishing expeditions, Fante communities have been established as far as Gambia, Liberia and even Angola. Major Fante cities in modern Ghana include Kasoa, Winneba, Agona Swedru, Tarkwa, Oguaa, Edina (Elmina), Mankessim, Sekondi, and Takoradi.
The Fante Confederacy refers either to the alliance of the Fante states in existence at least since the sixteenth century, or it can also refer to the modern Confederation formed in 1868. The Confederation is seen as one of the first and most prominent self-rule movements in Ghana and the entirety of Africa. Its mission was to shake off colonialism and establish a modern free democratic state.
Cape Coast Castle is one of about forty "slave castles", or large commercial forts, built on the Gold Coast of West Africa by European traders. It was originally a Portuguese "feitoria" or trading post, established in 1555, which they named Cabo Corso.
The Central Region is one of the sixteen administrative regions of Ghana. It is bordered by Ashanti and Eastern regions to the north, Western region to the west, Greater Accra region to the east, and to the south by the Gulf of Guinea. The Central Region is renowned for its many elite high schools and an economy based on an abundance of industrial minerals and tourism. The Central region boasts of many tourist attractions such as castles, forts and beaches dotted along the region's coastline.
Mfantsipim is an all-boys boarding secondary school in Cape Coast, Ghana, established by the Methodist Church in 1876 to foster intellectual, moral, and spiritual growth on the then Gold Coast. Its founding name was Wesleyan High School and the first headmaster was James Picot, a French scholar, who was only 18 years old on his appointment.
John Mensah Sarbah was a prominent lawyer and political leader in the Gold Coast. He is also known as a founder of Mfantsipim School.
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford,, also known as Ekra-Agyeman, was a prominent Fante Gold Coast journalist, editor, author, lawyer, educator, and politician who supported pan-African nationalism. His 1911 novel Ethiopia Unbound is one of the earliest novels published in English by an African.
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Anomabu, also spelled Anomabo and formerly as Annamaboe, is a town on the coast of the Mfantsiman Municipal District of the Central Region of South Ghana. Anomabu has a settlement population of 14,389 people.
Frank George Bernasko was a Ghanaian soldier, lawyer, and politician. He served as the Commissioner of Agriculture among others in the National Redemption Council (NRC) military government of General I.K. Acheampong. He was also the founder and leader of the erstwhile Action Congress Party and contested the presidential election in 1979.
William Esuman-Gwira Sekyi, better known as Kobina Sekyi, was a nationalist lawyer, politician and writer in the Gold Coast.
The Fetu Afahye is a festival celebrated by the chiefs and peoples of Cape Coast in the Central region of Ghana. The festival is celebrated on the first Saturday in the month of September every year. The Fetu Afahye is celebrated annually by the Oguaa people of Cape Coast because in the past there was an outbreak of disease among the people that killed many. The people prayed to the gods to help them to get rid of the disease. Thus the festival is celebrated to keep the town clean and to prevent another epidemic befalling the people.
Fort William is a fort in Anomabu, Central Region, Ghana, originally known as Fort Anomabo and renamed Fort William in the 1830s by its then-commander, Brodie Cruickshank, who added one storey to the main building, and renamed the fort after King William IV.
Asafo are traditional warrior groups in Akan culture, based on lineal descent. The word derives from sa, meaning war, and fo, meaning people. The traditional role of the Asafo companies was defence of the state. As the result of contact with European colonial powers on the Gold Coast, the Fante, who inhabit the coastal region, developed an especially complex version of the concept in terms of its social and political organization based on martial principles, and with elaborate traditions of visual art, including flag banners with figurative scenes, and designs alluding to historical events or proverbs.
George Emil Eminsang was a prominent Euro-African merchant and political leader on the Gold Coast, who played a prominent role in the last years of Dutch colonial rule on the Gold Coast. After the Dutch Gold Coast was transferred to the United Kingdom, Eminsang became a diplomat for the Netherlands and later for the United States and the Congo Free State. Together with James Bannerman Hyde and James Hutton Brew, Eminsang was one of the first so-called "country lawyers" on the Gold Coast.
Tourism in Ghana is regulated by the Ministry of Tourism of Ghana. This ministry is responsible for the development and promotion of tourism related activities in Ghana.
Jacob Kwaw Wilson Sey, also known as Kwaa Bonyi, was a colonial era Fante artisan, farmer, philanthropist, nationalist and the first recorded indigenous multi-millionaire on the Gold Coast. He played a major role in the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society (ARPS), founded to oppose the 1896 Crown Lands Bill and the 1897 Lands Bill that threatened the traditional land tenure system and stipulated that all unused lands be controlled by the British colonial government. The society was the 19th-century precursor which laid the foundation for the mid-20th-century "ideological warfare" pushed by the Gold Coast intelligentsia and the independence movement. Some academic scholars regard him as the "first real architect and financier towards Ghana's independence" and the ARPS as "the first attempt to institutionalize nationalist sentiment in the then Gold Coast."
Ghana–United Kingdom relations are the diplomatic, historical and trade relations between Ghana and the United Kingdom. Modern state Ghana-UK relations began when Ghana became independent from the UK in 1957.
The documented history of Elmina begins in 1482 with an agreement between the Portuguese navigator Diogo de Azambuja and the ruler of Elmina, called Caramansa by the Portuguese. In it, the Portuguese were allowed to build the first European fortress in sub-Saharan Africa. For the next 150 years until the conquest by the Dutch in 1637, Elmina was the capital of the Portuguese bases on the Gold Coast, then for about 250 years the capital of the Dutch Empire in West Africa. Since the capture of the lease for the two fortresses of Elmina by the Ashanti in 1701, the city was also important to the Ashanti Empire. Until the 19th century, Elmina was one of the most populous cities in the Gold Coast, surpassing Accra and Kumasi. The trade in gold, slaves and palm oil brought the city into direct contact with Europe, North America, Brazil and, through the recruitment of soldiers, also with Southeast Asia. It was not until the takeover and destruction of the city by the British in 1873 that Elmina lost its prominent position in the Gold Coast.
Kwadwo Egyir, later renamed Brempong Kojo and later Europeanized as Caboceer Cudjo, was born around 1700 in Ekumfi in a Fante chiefdom on the Gold Coast, the village being located in what is now the Ekumfi district of Ghana, and died on March 24, 1779, in Cape Coast. He was a slave trader in the service of the British Gold Coast in Cape Coast.