List of wars involving Italy

This article is about wars involving modern Italy from 1861 onwards. For wars involving ancient Rome, see List of Roman external wars and battles.

This is a list of wars involving the Italian Republic and its predecessor states since the Italian wars of independence in the 19th century, but does not include wars fought by the historic states of Italy. The result of these conflicts follows this legend:

  Italian victory

  Italian defeat

  Another result*

  Ongoing conflict

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Italy, status quo ante bellum , or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Italian Wars of Unification

The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. The Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country was completed in 1871 when Rome was declared capital of Italy.

Start	Finish	Name of conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
			Combatant 1	Combatant 2
1848	1849	First Italian War of Independence	Kingdom of Sardinia Italian Volunteer Army Supported by: Provisional Government of Milan Republic of San Marco Kingdom of Sicily Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Modena and Reggio Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Roman Republic	Austrian Empire Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia French Republic (1849)	Austrian victory Return to the status quo ante bellum
1853	1856	Crimean War	Ottoman Empire   France [a] United Kingdom [a] Sardinia [b]	Russia   Greece [c]	Allied victory Russia loses the Danube Delta and Southern Bessarabia
1859	1859	Second Italian War of Independence	France Sardinia	Austria	Franco-Sardinian victory Armistice of Villafranca Sardinia annexes Lombardy from Austria, occupies and later annexes Habsburg-ruled Tuscany, Modena and Emilia. France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia.
1860	1860	Expedition of the Thousand	Redshirts Supported by: Piedmont-Sardinia	Two Sicilies Supported by: Papal States	Garibaldine victory Liberation of Southern Italy Collapse of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Papal States reduced to Lazio Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy Post-Unification Italian Brigandage Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria annexed by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
1861	1865	Brigandage in Southern Italy	Kingdom of Italy	Southern Italian brigands Supported by: Bourbon Legitimists in Southern Italy Partisans from Bourbon Spain	Unification victory
1866	1866	Austro-Prussian War	Prussia Saxe-Lauenburg Mecklenburg-Schwerin Brunswick Saxe-Coburg & Gotha Saxe-Altenburg Mecklenburg-Strelitz Oldenburg Anhalt Schwarzburg Waldeck Lippe Lübeck Bremen Hamburg Italy (co-belligerent)	Austria Bavaria Saxony Hanover Württemberg Hesse-Kassel Baden Hesse-Darmstadt Nassau Saxe-Meiningen Reuss-Greiz Schaumburg-Lippe Frankfurt Liechtenstein	Prussian-led German states and Italian victory Dissolution of the German Confederation Formation of the North German Confederation Exclusion of Austria from German national politics Formation of Austria-Hungary Prussia annexes Hanover, Holstein, Schleswig, Hesse-Kassel, Nassau, Frankfurt and fringe possessions of Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt Italy completely annexes Venetia and a part of Friuli
1866	1866	Third Italian War of Independence	Kingdom of Italy Supported by: Prussia	Austrian Empire Liechtenstein	Italian victory Veneto, Friuli and Mantua annexed by Italy
1866	1866	The Seven and a Half Days Revolt	Italy	Palermitan Rebels	Italian Victory, rebellion suppressed
1870	1870	Capture of Rome	Kingdom of Italy	Papal States	Italian victory Fall of the Papal States Completion of the Italian unification Rome becomes the capital of Italy Annexation of Rome and Lazio by the Kingdom of Italy

Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Start	Finish	Name of conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
			Combatant 1	Combatant 2
1885	1895	Eritrean war [1]	Italy	Ethiopia Mahdist Sudan Eritrean rebels	Italian Victory Treaty of Wuchale ends the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889, establishment of Italian Eritrea; defence and consolidation of the colony in the 1890s
1881	1899	Mahdist War	United Kingdom  •  Egypt  •  India [2]  • Canada [3] [4]  • New South Wales [5]   Italy [6]  • Eritrea   Ethiopia Congo Free State	Mahdist State	Allied victory Sudanese invasions of neighbours repelled Establishment of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a polity jointly ruled by Britain and Egypt Kassala temporarily occupied by Italy Congo secures the Lado Enclave until 1910
1895	1896	First Italo-Ethiopian War	Kingdom of Italy	Ethiopian Empire	Ethiopian victory Sovereignty of Ethiopia confirmed Border with Italian Eritrea delineated
1890s	1908 [7]	Benadir war	Italy	Bimaal and other groups   Ethiopia Dervish movement	Italian Victory Establishment of Italian Somaliland Suppression of the Bimaal revolt
1897	1898	Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) (International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898))	Cretan revolutionaries Kingdom of Greece British Empire   France Italy Russian Empire Austria-Hungary (until April 12, 1898) German Empire (until March 16th, 1898)	Ottoman Empire	Italian Victory Cretan State established through the intervention of the great powers of Europe [8] [9] Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete.
1899	1901	Boxer Rebellion	United Kingdom   Japan   Russia France United States   Germany   Italy Austria-Hungary	Righteous Harmony Society Manchu-China	Italian Allied Victory, Boxer Protocol: Anti-foreign societies banned in China. Italy obtains the Italian concession of Tientsin
1900	1920	Somaliland Campaign	Italy United Kingdom	Dervish movement Ethiopian Empire	Italian-British Victory Collapse of the Dervish state
1902	1903	Venezuelan naval blockade	United Kingdom Germany Italy	Venezuela	Inconclusive/Other Outcome Venezuelan debt dispute resolved
1911	1912	Italo-Turkish War	Italy	Ottoman Empire	Italian Victory: Italy gains Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Fezzan and the Dodecanese Islands.
1914	1918	World War I	Allied Powers France British Empire United Kingdom Canada Newfoundland Australia New Zealand India   South Africa   Russia United States   Italy Japan China   Serbia   Montenegro   Romania Belgium   Greece Portugal Brazil	Central Powers   Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire   Bulgaria	Italian Allied Victory: Destruction of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Annexation of Trentino-Alto Adige, Gorizia and Gradisca, Istria, Trieste, Zara and the Julian March to the Kingdom of Italy. Armistice of Villa Giusti Treaty of Versailles: German demobilisation Russia pulls out in 1917 Russian Civil War Creation of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin Rises to power Creation of League of Nations
1918	1920	Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War	White Movement British Empire United Kingdom Canada Australia India   South Africa United States France   Italy   Japan Czechoslovakia   Greece Estonia Serbia Poland Romania China	Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists	Bolshevik Victory: White Army defeated Allied withdrawal from Russia Soviet Union new Russian Power
1918	1923	Occupation of Constantinople	United Kingdom   France   Italy	Ottoman Empire	Temporary occupation Constantinople Military occupation by the United Kingdom, followed by France and Italy, then abandoned. Britain officially dismantled the Ottoman Empire parliament on 16 March 1920 and restored it on 9 September 1922 to the Ankara Government
1919	1923	Turkish War of Independence	Ottoman Empire   Russia   Italy [10]	United Kingdom   France   Greece   Armenia   Georgia	Italian Allied Victory Treaty of Lausanne
1920	1920	Vlora War	Italy	Principality of Albania	Compromise agreement Italy voluntarily abandons Vlora, but annexes the island of Saseno. Italy abandons plans to establish a mandate over Albania, but retains diplomatic protection over the country to guarantee its special interests.
1920	1920	Bloody Christmas	Italy	Italian Regency of Carnaro	Italian Victory: Expulsion of D'Annunzio's forces. Conquest of the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Independence of the Free State of Fiume.
1923	1932	Pacification of Libya	Italy	Senussi Order	Italian Victory: Stabilization of Italian rule in Libya. Ethnic cleansing of the Cyrenaican indigenous population. Mass deaths of Cyrenaican indigenous civilians.
1924	1927	Pacification of Italian Somaliland	Italy	Sultanate of Hobyo Majeerteen Sultanate Somali rebels	Italian Victory: Pacification of Somalia The independent Majeerteen Sultanate is suppressed in 1927, finalizing the Italian occupation of Somalia.
1935	1937	Second Italo-Abyssinian War	Italy Italian Eritrea Italian Somaliland	Ethiopian Empire	Italian Victory: Debellation of Ethiopia, foundation of Italian East Africa.
1936	1939	Spanish Civil War	Nationalist   Italy   Germany Portugal Foreign volunteers	Republican Foreign volunteers Soviet Union (1936–1938) Mexico	Italian Allied Victory Defeat of the Second Spanish Republic Beginning of Franco's dictatorship
1939	1939	Invasion of Albania	Italy	Albania	Italian Victory, Italian occupation of Albania.
1939	1945	World War II Italian Resistance (1943-1945) Italian Civil War	Axis Powers   Germany   Japan   Italy (until 1943) Italian Social Republic (from 23 Sep. 1943)   Hungary   Romania (until 1944)   Bulgaria (until 1944) Serbia (until 1944) Slovakia Croatia Finland (until 1944) Vichy France Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang	Allied Powers United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India   South Africa Yugoslavia   Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Ethiopia   Italy (from 1943)   Romania (from 1944)   Bulgaria (from 1944)   Finland (from 1944)	'United Nations' Allied victory: Kingdom of Italy signs the Armistice of Cassibile, declares war on Germany and becomes a co-belligerent of the Allies in 1943. Nazi Germany, along with the collaborationist regime of the Italian Social Republic, is defeated in the 1943-1945 Italian Campaign by the Allies and the Italian Resistance; an aspect of this conflict is the Italian civil war. Italy signs the Treaty of Paris. It is forced to cede Istria, Zara and most of the Julian March to Jugoslavia, Brigue and Tende to France, as well as losing all its colonies and part of its surviving fleet, and paying reparations to several countries.

Italian Republic (1946–present)

Start	Finish	Name of Conflict	Belligerents		Outcome
			Combatant 1	Combatant 2
1960	1964	ONUC	United Nations	Various armed groups	Italian Allied Victory Stabilization of Congo's security
1982	1984	Multinational Force in Lebanon	Italy United States France United Kingdom	Islamic Jihad Organization Iran Syria Progressive Socialist Party Amal Movement	Syrian Allied Victory Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into sectarian militias. [11] [12] Multinational forces evacuated after the US embassy and US Marine barracks are bombed by the Islamic Jihad Organization. Multinational forces oversee withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization. Civil war continues until 1990. Syrian occupation continues until 2005.
1991	1991	Gulf War Operazione Locusta	Kuwait United States Saudi Arabia France Egypt Syria United Kingdom Italy Other Allies	Iraq	Italian Allied Victory Kuwait regains its independence
1992	1995	Bosnian War	Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	Republika Srpska	Italian Allied Victory Dayton Accords Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group
1992	1995	Somali Civil War	United States United Kingdom Italy Saudi Arabia Malaysia Pakistan Spain India Greece Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia	Various Somali factions	UN withdrawal UN withdrawal. About 100,000 lives were saved by outside resistance. Civil war is ongoing.
1997	1997	1997 Albanian civil unrest (Operation Alba)	Government of Sali Berisha (Operation Alba) Italian Armed Forces French Armed Forces Turkish Armed Forces Hellenic Armed Forces Romanian Armed Forces Austrian Armed Forces (Operation Libelle) German Armed Forces (Operation Silver Wake) United States Armed Forces	Rebels	Italian Allied Victory New Parliamentary Elections.
1998	1999	Kosovo War	United States France Canada Denmark Germany Italy Kosovo Liberation Army	Yugoslavia	Italian Allied Victory Kosovo occupied by Nato forces Kosovo administered by UNMIK
2001	2001	2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia	National Liberation Army NATO	Republic of Macedonia Supported by: Ukraine [13] [14] [15] (main arms supply) Bulgaria (arms supply) FR Yugoslavia (arms supply) Russia (arm supply and Contractors)	Inconclusive/Other Outcome Ohrid Agreement Macedonian offensive stopped by NATO involvement Ceasefire established The majority of Albanian insurgents agree to disarm in exchange for greater ethnic rights Low intensity resurgence since November 2001
2001	2021	Afghanistan War	Afghanistan United States United Kingdom Italy Germany France Canada Australia New Zealand Georgia Poland Romania Turkey ISAF Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark El Salvador Estonia Finland Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Jordan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mongolia Montenegro Netherlands Norway Portugal Republic of Macedonia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Korea Spain Sweden   Switzerland Tonga Ukraine United Arab Emirates Northern Alliance	Taliban al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan HI-Gulbuddin Hezb-e Islami Khalis Haqqani network Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed East Turkestan Islamic Movement Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Islamic Emirate of Waziristan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Islamic Jihad Union Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	Defeat Invasion of Afghanistan Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda camps Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished Occupation of Afghanistan Establishment of a new Afghan Government and Security Force Taliban insurgency Killing of Osama bin Laden Escape of Ayman al-Zawahiri Taliban retakes Kabul
2003	2006	Iraq War	Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Multi-National Force – Iraq: United States United Kingdom Italy Australia New Zealand Spain Netherlands Poland South Korea Ukraine Georgia Other Allies	Islamic State of Iraq al-Qaeda Various insurgents Ba'athist Iraq	Italian Allied Victory Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government Execution of Saddam Hussein Deployment in Dhi Qar Province Iraqi insurgency, emergence of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and Sectarian Violence [16] Rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq [17] [18] Italian withdrawal in 2006, US withdrawal in 2011
2011	2011	First Libyan Civil War	Many NATO members acting under UN mandate, including: United States France Denmark Italy Canada and Anti-Gaddafi forces several Arab League states Sweden	Libya Pro-Gaddafi forces	Italian Allied Victory Fall of Gaddafi regime Muammar Gaddafi killed National Transitional Council take control
2023	Ongoing	Operation Prosperity Guardian	United States United Kingdom Canada France Greece Italy Netherlands Norway Spain Bahrain Seychelles Sri Lanka New Zealand	Supreme Political Council Houthi movement	Ongoing conflict
2024	Ongoing	Operation Aspides	European Union Belgium Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Italy Latvia Netherlands Sweden	Yemen (SPC)   Yemeni Navy (SPC faction) Houthis	Ongoing

See also

• History of Italy
• Military history of Italy

Notes

1. From 1854
2. From 1855
3. Until 1854

References

1. Indro Montanelli, Storia d'Italia, vol. 6 1861 - 1919, RCS Libri S.p.A., 2006
2. "Egypt and the Sudan | National Army Museum". www.nam.ac.uk.
3. "Nile Expedition". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
4. International, Radio Canada (26 January 2015). "Canada's first military mission overseas".
5. "Sudan (New South Wales Contingent) March-June 1885". 28 July 2021.
6. Meredith Reid Sarkees, Frank Whelon Wayman (2010). Resort to war: a data guide to inter-state, extra-state, intra-state, and non-state wars, 1816–2007. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
7. Mukhtar, M. H. (2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Stati Uniti: Scarecrow Press.
8. Mehmed'in kanı ile kazandığını, değişmez kaderimiz !-barış masasında yine kaybetmiştik..., Cemal Kutay, Etniki Eterya'dan Günümüze Ege'nin Türk Kalma Savaşı, Boğaziçi Yayınları, 1980, p. 141. (in Turkish)
9. Yunanistan'ın savaş meydanındaki yenilgisi ise Büyük Devletler sayesinde barış masasında zafere dönüşmüş, ilk defa Lozan müzakerelerinde aksi yaşanacak olan, Yunanistan'ın mağlubiyetlerle gelişme ve büyümesi bu savaş sonunda bir kez daha görülmüştür., M. Metin Hülagü, "1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Savaşı'nın Sosyal Siyasal ve Kültürel Sonuçları", in Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Halil İnalcık, Cem Oğuz (ed.), Osmanlı, Cilt 2, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 1999, ISBN   975-6782-05-6, pp. 315–316. (in Turkish)
10. Italy, who had occupied Constantinople and a part of southwestern Anatolia, protected Turkish civilians from Greek and Allied troops and accepted Turkish refugees who had to flee from the regions invaded by the Greek army. The Place of the Turkish Independence War in the American Press (1918-1923) by Bülent Bilmez
11. "Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Larry Speakes". 23 September 1982.
12. "The Collapse of Lebanon's Army: U.S. Said to Ignore Factionalism". The New York Times . 11 March 1984.
13. Zerkalo Nedeli (28 February 2002). "Paper critical of Western call on Ukraine to stop selling arms to Macedonia". Free Republic. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
14. Carlotta Gall (23 July 2001). "Rebels Secure a Base in Macedonian Town". New York Times . Retrieved 5 May 2015.
15. Taras Kuzio (31 October 2001). "UKRAINE FORGES MILITARY ALLIANCE WITH MACEDONIA". The Jamestown . Retrieved 5 May 2015.
16. "Sectarian divisions change Baghdad's image". NBC News. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
17. "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from the original on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
18. "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests". U.S. Department of State. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2010.