Operation Libelle

Last updated
Operation Dragonfly
Part of the 1997 Albanian civil unrest
OperationLibelle map.png
Map showing the route of the German helicopters
DateMarch 14, 1997
Location
Result German victory
Belligerents
Flag of Germany.svg Germany Albanian Insurgents
Commanders and leaders
Flag of Germany.svg Oberst Henning Glawatz Unknown
Strength

89 Soldiers

5 CH-53G heavy transport helicopters
Unknown
Casualties and losses
No casualties
1 helicopter damaged
1 Insurgent Wounded

Operation Libelle ("Dragonfly" in German) was an evacuation operation of the German Armed Forces that took place on March 14, 1997 in the Albanian capital of Tirana during the Albanian unrest of 1997. In the same week, American, [1] British, [2] and Italian military forces evacuated their citizens from Albania. Operation Libelle was the first time since World War II that German infantry fired shots in combat. [3]

Contents

Situation in Albania

In March 1997 several Western states evacuated their citizens. Operation Libelle was launched after a fraudulent pyramid scheme collapsed and a significant number of Albanian citizens lost their life savings. As a consequence, an armed rebellion took hold in large parts of Albania, and the Albanian government lost control. [4]

The crisis eventually culminated in the 1997 Albanian civil unrest. After the Military of Albania and police armories were looted by insurgents, criminals, and civilians, large parts of the country descended into chaos and violence. [5]

The Federal Republic of Germany relied on the recognized doctrine "right to rescue nationals". There have been allegations, that this doctrine of international law suffers from insufficient State practice. Because of the urgency that arose when in March 1997 German citizens barricaded themselves in the German Embassy in Tirana, Albania, the executive of the German government did not seek parliamentary approval, which was required according to the German Federal Constitutional Court. In a judgement from 1994, the German Federal Constitutional Court held that any foreign deployment of German military personnel for combat or peacekeeping requires the consent of the Bundestag, that is the German federal parliament. [6]

Timeline

March 13

March 14

List of evacuated persons

CountryNumber
Germany Flag of Germany.svg 22
Hungary Flag of Hungary.svg 14
Japan Flag of Japan.svg 13
Austria Flag of Austria.svg 11
Czech Republic Flag of the Czech Republic.svg 5
Denmark Flag of Denmark.svg 3
Peru Flag of Peru.svg 3
Switzerland Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg 3
Egypt Flag of Egypt.svg 2
Albania Flag of Albania.svg 2
Bosnia and Herzegovina Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg 2
Netherlands Flag of the Netherlands.svg 2
Poland Flag of Poland.svg 2
Others8

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References

  1. "USIA - Transcript: DOD Briefing on Evacuations from Albania, 97-03-14". www.hri.org. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
  2. Roberts, John (2009). Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy, 352pp, Seaforth Publishing, ISBN   978 1 84832 043 7
  3. RP Online
  4. Tom Ruys (2010). 'Armed Attack' and Article 51 of the UN Charter: Evolutions in Customary Law and Practice. Cambridge University Press. pp. 231–232. ISBN   9781139494830.
  5. "Political Unrest in Albania". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
  6. Dieter Fleck, ed. (2018). The Handbook of the Law of Visiting Forces. Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN   9780198808404.
  7. Operation "Libelle" Tirana '97: Das erste Gefecht der Bundeswehr RP Online, 14 March 2007
  8. Laurin, Carin (2005). Baltic Yearbook of International Law, 2005 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, p. 71, ISBN   9004147888
  9. "Evacuations from Albania proceed amid a hail of bullets". CNN. 14 March 1997. Retrieved 2017-12-30.