Mengjiang

For the Chinese folk tale, see Lady Meng Jiang.

Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (1939–1941) 蒙疆聯合自治政府 (Japanese, Chinese) Měngjiāng Liánhé Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ Mōkyō Rengō Jichi Seifu ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ Монголын Өөртөө Засах Холбоот Засгийн Ордон(Mongolian) Mongolian Autonomous State (1941–1945) 蒙古自治邦 (Japanese, Chinese) Ménggǔ Zìzhì Bāng Mōko Jichi Hō ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠰ Монголын Өөртөө Засах Yлс(Mongolian)
1939 [1] [2] –1945
Flag Emblem
Mengjiang (dark green) alongside the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere (light green) at its furthest extent
Status	Puppet state of the Empire of Japan (1939–40) Autonomous region of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (1940–45)
Capital	Kalgan
Common languages	Chinese Mongolian Japanese
Religion	Buddhism (Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism) Chinese folk religion Taoism Confucianism Mongolian folk religion
Government	De jure: Provisional government De facto: Absolute monarchy [a] under a military dictatorship
Head of state
• 1939–1945	Demchugdongrub
Historical era	Second Sino-Japanese War World War II
• Established	1 September 1939 [5] [6]
• Incorporated into the Reorganized National Government as an autonomous region	24 March 1940
• Disestablished	19 August 1945
Currency	Mengjiang yuan
Preceded by Succeeded by Republic of China Mongol United Autonomous Government South Chahar Autonomous Government North Shanxi Autonomous Government Reorganized National Government of China Soviet occupation of Manchuria
Today part of	China

1. Although officially, there was no monarch of Mengjiang, Demchugdongrub was of noble heritage ^[3] and the Japanese used his status to add some legitimacy to the state. ^[4]

Citations

1. "内蒙古自治区志: 政府志". 内蒙古人民出版社 – via Google Books.
2. 山西通志: 政务志. 人民代表大会, 政府篇, 政治协商会议. 中華書局.
3. Jaġcidsecen (1999). The Last Mongol prince: the life and times of Demchugdongrob, 1902–1966. Studies on East Asia. Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University. ISBN   978-0-914584-21-6.
4. MilitaryHistoryNow.com (March 1, 2017). "The Puppet Masters – How Japan's Military Established a Vassal State in Inner Mongolia". Military History Now. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
5. "内蒙古自治区志: 政府志". 内蒙古人民出版社 – via Google Books.
6. 山西通志: 政务志. 人民代表大会, 政府篇, 政治协商会议. 中華書局.
7. Botjer, George F. (1979). A short history of Nationalist China, 1919–1949. Putnam. p. 180. ISBN   9780399123825.
8. D. E. Helmuth (2007). A New Stamp Country?, 1937, archived from the original on January 7, 2017, retrieved April 27, 2021
9. "云端旺楚克", Inner Mongolia News, September 22, 2003, archived from the original on November 17, 2007, retrieved August 5, 2011
10. Stephen R. MacKinnon (2007). China at War: Regions of China, 1937–1945. Stanford University Press. p. 166. ISBN   978-0-8047-5509-2.
11. Stephen R. MacKinnon (2007). China at War: Regions of China, 1937–1945. Stanford University Press. p. 168. ISBN   978-0-8047-5509-2.

General sources

• Jowett, Phillip S. Rays of the Rising Sun: Armed Forces of Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45. Volume I: China & Manchuria. Solihull: Helion, 2004.
• Lattimore, Owen (December 1937). "The Phantom of Mengkukuo". Pacific Affairs . 10 (4): 420–27. doi:10.2307/2750626. JSTOR   2750626.

External links

• Mengjiang flag
• Mongolian education under the Japanese regime (archived 24 May 2006)

Mengjiang
Chinese name
Chinese	蒙疆
Literal meaning	Mongolian Frontier
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Měngjiāng Wade–Giles Meng3-chiang1

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