![]() | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Siege of Smederevo | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Lithography of the castle of Smederevo by Adolph Friedrich Kunike | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
![]() | ![]() ![]() | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
![]() ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Small | Heavy 200,000 prisoners [1] [ page needed ] |
The siege of Smederevo was Mehmed II's assault on the Smederevo Fortress during his fourth Serbian campaign.
At the beginning of 1458, the Serbian question re-emerged and the Serbs were divided over the solution. A large group of overlords sided with the Ottomans. Being aware that they would not be able to last for a long time, they preferred Ottoman rule over the domination of Catholic Hungarians. [2] [ page needed ]
When the Ottoman government heard about these events, it decided to definitively settle the Serbian issue. In 1458, while the Sultan was on his way to the Morea expedition, he gave 1000 Janissaries to Mahmud and sent them to Serbia. [3] [ page needed ]
After taking some important castles around Smederevo, the capital of the Serbs, Mahmud Pasha besieged Smederevo and took the outer walls, but he could not take the main castle and lifted the siege. [3]
However, for the Turks, Smederevo had to fall in order for Serbia to become a fully Turkish province. For this reason, Mehmed came to Sofia to take Smederevo himself in 1459 and marched on Serbia from there. During the Sultan's journey, he was assisted by Serbs. When he appeared in front of Smederevo, the Serbs sent the keys to the castle to the sultan and asked him to be protected. In the face of this situation, the Serbian despot Stephen Tomašević was forced to withdraw with the Hungarian soldiers at the beginning of July 1459. [4] [ page needed ]
The fall of Smederevo led to the surrender of all the small forts in northern Serbia. By the end of 1459, all of Serbia was under Mehmed's control, with some 200,000 Serbian captives, thus beginning more than 400 years of Ottoman rule. [1] [ page needed ]
Smederevo became a sanjak created a bad situation for the neighboring governments and especially for the Hungarians. After that, the Smederevo fortress became a base for raids on Hungary until the capture of Belgrade. [4] [ page needed ]
Ahmed II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.
Mehmed II, commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror, was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
Stephen Tomašević or Stephen II was the last sovereign from the Bosnian Kotromanić dynasty, reigning as Despot of Serbia briefly in 1459 and as King of Bosnia from 1461 until 1463.
Koca Sinan Pasha was an Albanian-born Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman. From 1580 until his death he served five times as Grand Vizier.
Đurađ Branković was the Serbian Despot from 1427 to 1456. He was one of the last Serbian medieval rulers. He was a participant in the battle of Ankara (1402) and Ottoman Interregnum (1403-1413). During his reign, the despotate was a vassal of both Ottoman sultans as well as Hungarian kings. Despot George was neutral during the Polish-Lithuanian (1444) and Hungarian-Wallachian (1448) crusades. In 1455, he was wounded and imprisoned during clashes with the Hungarians, after which the young Sultan Mehmed II launched the siege of Belgrade and its large Hungarian garrison. Despot Đurađ died at the end of 1456, due to complications stemming from the wound. After his death, Serbia, Bosnia and Albania became practically annexed by sultan Mehmed II, which only ended after centuries of additional conquests of Byzantine lands. Đurađ attained a large library of Serbian, Slavonic, Latin, and Greek manuscripts. He made his capital Smederevo a centre of Serbian culture. He was the first of the Branković dynasty to hold the Serbian monarchy.
The Serbian Despotate was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is mistakenly considered the end of medieval Serbia, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia, lasted for another sixty years, experiencing a cultural, economic, and political renaissance, especially during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarević. After the death of Despot Đurađ Branković in 1456, the Despotate continued to exist for another three years before it finally fell under Ottoman rule in 1459.
Hurshid Ahmed Pasha was an Ottoman-Georgian general, and Grand Vizier during the early 19th century.
The First Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice with its allies and the Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1479. Fought shortly after the capture of Constantinople and the remnants of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans, it resulted in the loss of several Venetian holdings in Albania and Greece, most importantly the island of Negroponte (Euboea), which had been a Venetian protectorate for centuries. The war also saw the rapid expansion of the Ottoman navy, which became able to challenge the Venetians and the Knights Hospitaller for supremacy in the Aegean Sea. In the closing years of the war, however, the Republic managed to recoup its losses by the de facto acquisition of the Crusader Kingdom of Cyprus.
Mahmud Pasha Angelović was the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1456 to 1466 and from 1472 to 1474. He also wrote Persian and Turkish poems under the pseudonym Adni.
Sarı Süleyman Pasha was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 18 November 1685 to 18 September 1687. He was executed after the defeat of the Ottoman forces in the Second Battle of Mohács.
The Ottoman conquest of Lesbos took place in September 1462. The Ottoman Empire, under Sultan Mehmed II, laid siege to the island's capital, Mytilene. After its surrender, the other forts of the island surrendered as well. The event put an end to the semi-independent Genoese lordship that the Gattilusio family had established in the northeastern Aegean since the mid-14th century, and heralded the beginning of the First Ottoman–Venetian War in the following year.
The siege of Amasra was the land and sea besiegement that resulted in the Ottoman Army, under the command of Fatih Sultan Mehmed, and the Ottoman Navy, under the command of Grand Vizier Veli Mahmud Pasha, capturing the Genoese colony of Amasra, and annexing it into Ottoman lands in 1460.
The Battle of Ostrvica was Mehmed the Conqueror's successful attack on the Ostrvica Fortress in 1454 during his first Serbian campaign.
The siege of Trepča was a successful assault by Mehmet the Conqueror in the second Serbian campaign in 1455.
The siege of Novo Brdo was a successful siege led by Mehmed the Conqueror and Ishak Bey on Novo Brdo, defended by Demetrios Jakšic, during the Second Serbian campaign in 1455.
Battle of Zvornik or siege of Zvornik was a battle that took place during the second Bosnian campaign of Mehmed the Conqueror in 1464.
The Battle of Kljuc is a pitched battle which took place during the conquest of Bosnia in 1463.
Serbia expedition was is the expedition of Sultan Mehmed II to Hungary in 1477 after his Moldavian campaign.
The Battle of Tahtalu took place during the campaign launched by Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus against the Ottomans.
The Aegean Expedition of 1456 was the expedition in which the Ottoman army under the command of Mehmed the Conqueror captured Enez, Lemnos and the island of Samothrace.