Marquisate of Saluzzo | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1142 [1] –1548 | |||||||||||
Motto: Noch, noch e Ne pour ce (Latin) "Ancòra, ancòra" e "Non sol per questo" (Italian) "Still, still" and "Not just for this reason" | |||||||||||
Capital | Saluzzo | ||||||||||
Common languages | |||||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||
Government | Monarchy (Marquistate) | ||||||||||
Marquis | |||||||||||
• 1142–1175 | Manfred I of Saluzzo (first) | ||||||||||
• 1537–1548 | Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo (last) | ||||||||||
Historical era | |||||||||||
1142 [1] | |||||||||||
• Annexion to France | 23 February 1548 | ||||||||||
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Today part of |
The Marquisate of Saluzzo (Latin : Marchionatus de Salutia) was a historical Italian state that included parts of the current region of Piedmont and of the French Alps. The Marquisate was much older than the Renaissance lordships, being a legacy of the feudalism of the High Middle Ages.
The Marquisate of Saluzzo occupied parts of the modern province of Cuneo and Metropolitan City of Turin, and at times areas now under French control; the core of its lands was the area between the Stura di Demonte, the Po and the Alps. The del Vasto family, who ruled Saluzzo throughout its period, also owned other territories in Italy after a series of arranged marriages, but these were never officially annexed to the marquisate.
The House of Del Vasto became masters of the city when Ulric Manfred II of Turin chose to enfeoff Boniface del Vasto as marquis. His eldest son Manfred inherited it. From that moment the del Vasto became Marquis of the Piedmontese town and handed the title dynastically as a true seigniory. [2]
Manfred II tried to extend the marquisate beyond its domain against the House of Savoy. After Manfred's death, his widow Azalaïs had to provide them a number of tributes per year: from these tributes, Savoy established claims of mastery over the marquisate which led them to clash repeatedly against the weak Marquis. [3]
Often torn by internal dissension, Saluzzo reached the period of greatest splendor under the rule of Ludovico I and Ludovico II in the 15th century: the former, with a policy of neutrality towards wars in Italy, was able to act as mediator between the discord and received praises from the emperor and the king of France; the latter, looking for glory on the battlefield, was repeatedly defeated, beginning the decline of the Marquisate. During his reign, however, he was attentive in developing trade by building the first Alpine tunnel, the Buco di Viso connecting with a safe road Saluzzo with the Dauphiné and Provence. [3] [4]
At Ludovico II's death, however, his children fought bitterly for the throne, tearing the countryside and draining finances. The King of France, who had its eye over the Marquisate, then formally annexed it to the crown of Paris after deposing the last Marquis, Gabriele in 1548. [4]
Saluzzo became part of France for half a century, until the Savoy, with the Treaty of Lyon (1601), succeeded in taking possession of it and retaining control, with alternating phases, until the Unification of Italy.
Piedmont, located in northwest Italy, is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest. Piedmont also borders Switzerland to the north and France to the west.
Saluzzo is a town and former principality in the province of Cuneo, in the Piedmont region, Italy.
Racconigi is a town and comune (municipality) in Piedmont, Italy. It is located in the province of Cuneo, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Turin, and 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Cuneo by rail.
Manfred I was the founder and first ruler of the marquisate of Saluzzo from 1142 until his death.
Boniface del Vasto was the margrave of Savona and Western Liguria from 1084 to c.1130. He was the son and successor of Otto and of Bertha, daughter of Ulric Manfred II of Turin. Boniface was a member of the Aleramici dynasty.
The Monte Viso Tunnel is an Alpine pedestrian tunnel excavated in the rock during the Renaissance and located eight kilometres north of Monviso, northern Italy. It is 75 m long, 3 m wide, and located at an altitude of 2,882 metres linking the villages of Crissolo in the modern Italian province of Cuneo and Ristolas in the French department of Hautes-Alpes.
Barge is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cuneo. The population numbered 7,589 as of 30 November 2019.
Bernezzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Turin and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Cuneo.
Thomas III of Saluzzo (1356–1416) was Marquess of Saluzzo from 1396 until his death.
The Diocese of Saluzzo is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, centered in the comune of Saluzzo. The diocese was established on 29 October 1511 for political reasons, to transform the Marquisate of Saluzzo into an ecclesiastic territory, and was directly dependent upon the Holy See. It is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Turin.
Ludovico I del Vasto was Marquess of Saluzzo from 1416 until his death.
The March or Marquisate of Turin was a territory of medieval Italy from the mid-10th century, when it was established as the Arduinic March. It comprised several counties in Piedmont, including the counties of Turin, Auriate, Albenga and, probably, Ventimiglia. The confines of the march thus stretched across the Po Valley from the Western Alps in the north, to the Ligurian Sea.
The Aleramici were a Northern Italian noble and royal dynasty of Frankish origin which ruled various northwestern Italian territories in Piedmont and Liguria from the 10th to the 14th century, also reigning over the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Thessalonica during the 12th and 13th centuries.
John Jacob Palaeologus was the Margrave of Montferrat from 1418 to 1445.
The Marquisate of Ceva was a small independent state in north-western Italy, situated at the foot of the Apennines, with its seat at Ceva, in what is now a part of Piedmont.
The Marquisate of Incisa was a lordship of the House of Aleramici in southern Piedmont, northern Italy, which existed between the 12th and 16th centuries.
Valle Gesso is a valley in the Maritime Alps, located in the Italian province of Cuneo and crossed by the Gesso torrent.
The Marquisate of Finale was an Italian state of the Holy Roman Empire in what is now Liguria, part of the former medieval Aleramici March. It was ruled for some six centuries by the Aleramici branch known as marquesses del Vasto and later Del Carretto, when Savona became a free commune. In 1598 the marquisate was sold by its last marquis, Sforza Andrea to Philip II of Spain and in 1713 it was finally ceded to the Republic of Genoa, where it remained so until 1797, when it was invaded by Napoleon, ceasing its existence.
Verzuolo Castle is a medieval castle in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is located in the Province of Cuneo near Verzuolo, around 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Saluzzo.