Duchy of Castro

Last updated
Duchy of Castro
Ducato di Castro (Italian)
Ducatus Castri (Latin)
1537–1649
Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg
Flag
Coat of Arms of the Duke Octavius Farnese (1547-1586).svg
Coat of arms
Motto: Castrum civitas fidelis
(Latin for 'The castle is a faithful city')
Ducato di Castro - Henricus Hondius.jpg
The Duchy of Castro. Detail from a map by W.J. Blaeu (1640)
Mappa Lazio Farnese 1640.png
Duchy of Castro and other Farnese possessions in 1640
StatusVassal of the Papal States
Capital Castro
Common languages
Religion
Catholicism
Government Non-sovereign monarchy
Duke 
 1537–1545
Pier Luigi Farnese (first)
 1646–1649
Ranuccio II Farnese (last)
Historical era Early modern era
 Created by Pope Paul III
1537
 Ranuccio II is forced to cede the lands back to Pope Innocent X
1649
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg Papal States
Papal States Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg
Today part of Italy

The Duchy of Castro was a fiefdom in central Italy formed in 1537 from a small strip of land on what is now Lazio's border with Tuscany, centred on Castro, a fortified city on a tufa cliff overlooking the Fiora River which was its capital and ducal residence. While technically a vassal state of the Papal States, it enjoyed de facto independence under the rule of the House of Farnese until 1649, when it was subsumed back into the Papal States and administered by the House of Stampa di Ferentino. [1]

Contents

It was created a duchy by Pope Paul III (1534–1549) in the bull Videlicet immeriti on 31 October 1537, with his son Pier Luigi Farnese and his firstborn male heirs as its dukes. It lasted approximately 112 years and was eclipsed by the Farnese's possessions in Parma. It stretched from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Lago di Bolsena, in the strip of land bounded by the river Marta and the river Fiora, stretching back to the Olpeta stream and the lago di Mezzano, from which the Olpeta flows. The duchy of Latera and county of Ronciglione were annexed to it.

The title of Duke of Castro has been held since the late 1860s by the claimant to the headship of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, since the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was annexed to the newborn Kingdom of Italy. Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro currently holds the tile.

Wars of Castro

List of Dukes of Castro

References

  1. Lunario Romano, Palazzi Municipali del Lazio 1984