This is a list of wars between Russia, Sweden and their predecessor states.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1495–1497, known in Sweden as the Stures' Russian War, in Russia First Swedish War, was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden. Although the war was relatively short, and did not lead to any territorial changes, it has significance as the first war between Sweden and Moscow. Sweden earlier fought wars against the Novgorod Republic, before Novgorod was formally annexed to Moscow in 1478.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1554–1557, considered a prelude to the Livonian War of 1558–1583, arose out of border skirmishes. It ended when the parties agreed on a truce in the Treaty of Novgorod (1557). The war ended inconclusively.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1590–1595 was instigated by Boris Godunov in the hope of gaining the territory of the Duchy of Estonia along the Gulf of Finland belonging to Sweden since the previous Livonian War. As soon as the Truce of Plussa expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law, Feodor I of Russia, marched from Moscow towards Novgorod. On 18 January they crossed the river Narva, defeated a Swedish detachment in a counter battle and laid siege to the Swedish castle of Narva, commanded by Arvid Stålarm. Another important fortress, Jama (Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravaged Estonia as far as Reval (Tallinn) and Finland as far as Helsinki.
The Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of armed conflicts during the 12th and 13th centuries, fought between the Novgorod Republic and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland. Part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, the area was vital to the Hanseatic League. The clashes between Catholic Swedes and Orthodox Novgorodians had religious overtones, but before the 14th century there is no knowledge of official crusade bulls issued by the pope.
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully expanded their borders eastwards and gained further control of their lands in Finland.
The Finnish–Novgorodian wars were a series of conflicts between Finnic tribes in eastern Fennoscandia and the Republic of Novgorod from the 11th or 12th century to the early 13th century.
The Battle of Kalisz took place on 29 October 1706 in Kalisz, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Great Northern War. The battle was fought by Russian cavalry along with allied Saxon and Polish forces, led by commander Aleksandr Menshikov; against a smaller Swedish force headed by colonel Arvid Axel Mardefelt and resulted in an allied victory. The battle was Sweden's first and only major defeat in Poland, the victory was ensured by the actions of Russian troops and their training.
The Siege of Riga by the Russian army under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was the main event of the Russo-Swedish War. The fortifications of Riga consisted of a wall with ditch and 5 bastions around the old town. In 1652 Swedes had started construction of a new wall with 12 bastions around suburbs, but by 1656 the work had not been completed. The Russian vanguard consisting of the Vladimir v. Vizin reiters, Daniel Krafert infantry and Iunkmann dragoons approached Riga on August 20 and threw back the Swedes under count of Pärnu, Heinrich von Thurn into the city. Von Thurn was either killed, or captured in the action. The Swedes evacuated the suburbs and withdrew to the old town. A few days later, the main army under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich arrived on the ships on the Duna River, and laid siege to Riga. The Russian army occupied three camps, two on the east bank of the Duna in Riga's suburbs, and a Corps under Ordyn-Nashokin on the west bank of the Duna, opposite the Kobrun entrenchment.
Battle of Hummelshof took place on July 19, 1702 (O.S.) near the small town Hummelshof in Swedish Livonia. It was the second significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War in which a Russian army under Boris Sheremetev attacked a much smaller force under Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach and defeated it after experiencing similar casualties to the Swedes. This was a final blow to the Swedish force defending Livonia and the defeat left it fully open to Russian attacks.
The Battle of Porrassalmi was fought near the bight of Porrassalmi in Savonia on 13 June 1789, during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90). A Swedish force of about 750 men succeeded in stopping the northbound advance of a Russian force numbering 5,000 men.
The Battle of Lode was fought during the Livonian War, between a Swedish and Russian army on 23 January 1573. The battle was won by the Swedes.
The Battle of Kivinebb was fought on March 11, 1555, between Finnish forces of Sweden commanded by Jöns Månsson numbering 500 on one side, and on the other side a Russian army led by Ivan Grigoryevich Bibikov numbering up to 13,000 and consisting mostly of militiamen from Zemshchina. Despite being severely outnumbered, Swedish forces won the battle due to superior knowledge of the region and using skis for mobility. The battle is briefly mentioned in the Lebedev Chronicle, which says that in 1555 Ivan Bibikov with a number of common men was sent to push Swedes to exchange some Russian citizens who were forcibly held in Sweden and to punish the Swedes for attacking the nearest Russian settlements, but was defeated.
The Pillage of Sigtuna was the raid of the Swedish town of Sigtuna by pagans from the Eastern Baltic in 1187, leading to its destruction. The pillage is most commonly attributed to Estonians, Curonians, Karelians, or Novgorodians.
The assault on Ivangorod was a battle fought between the Grand Principality of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden at the Russian fortress of Ivangorod in 1496, resulting in the mass plundering of the city and thousands of civilians being killed by the Swedes. It was later burned down because the Swedes lacked resources to defend it.
The crossing the Gulf of Bothnia, specifically Kvarken, was a march of Russians through Kvarken, Gulf of Bothnia, to the territory of Sweden at Umeå. It was during the Finnish War in March 1809.
The Häme War was a war between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Novgorod Republic from 1311 to 1314.
Tott's Russian wars refers to a series of two wars waged by Swedish military commander Erik Axelsson Tott: the first war with the Novgorod Republic (1475–1476), and the second war with the Grand Principality of Moscow (1479–1482).
The Battle of Ivangorod was one of the first battles of the Russo-Swedish War, where the Russians were able to defeat the main Swedish detachment and besiege Narva.
The Capitulation at Helsingfors It was a military campaign in the summer of 1742, as a result of which the Russians were able to surround and then force the main forces of the Swedish army to capitulate.
