This is a list of wars between Russia, Sweden and their predecessor states.
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Karelians are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group who are indigenous to the historical region of Karelia, which is today split between Finland and Russia. Karelians living in Russian Karelia are considered a distinct ethnic group closely related to Finnish Karelians, who are considered a subset of Finns. This distinction historically arose from Karelia having been fought over and eventually split between Sweden and Novgorod, resulting in Karelians being under different cultural spheres.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1495–1497, known in Sweden as the Stures' Russian War, was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden. Although the war was relatively short, and did not lead to any territorial changes, it has significance as the first war between Sweden and Moscow. Sweden earlier fought wars against the Novgorod Republic, before Novgorod was formally annexed to Moscow in 1478.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1554–1557, considered a prelude to the Livonian War of 1558–1583, arose out of border skirmishes. It ended when the parties agreed on a truce in the Treaty of Novgorod (1557).
The Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Novgorod Republic and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland, an area vital to the Hanseatic League and part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. The Swedish attacks against Orthodox Russians had religious overtones, but before the 14th century there is no knowledge of official crusade bulls issued by the pope.
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully expanded their borders eastwards and gained further control of their lands in Finland.
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia c. 1249–1250 as described by the Erikskrönikan. As described by the Erikskrönikan, the Swedes defeated the Tavastians under the leadership of Birger Jarl.
The First Swedish Crusade was a possibly mythical military expedition in the 1150s to Southwestern Finland by Swedish King Eric IX and English Bishop Henry of Uppsala.
The Finnish–Novgorodian wars were a series of conflicts between Finnic tribes in eastern Fennoscandia and the Republic of Novgorod from the 11th or 12th century to the early 13th century.
Yuri Mihailovich Kilin is a Russian historian and a professor of History Studies at the Petrozavodsk State University in Petrozavodsk. He has written extensively on Russo-Finnish and Karelian historical conflicts. Kilin graduated with honours in 1983. He received his Candidate of Sciences degree in Leningrad 1991, and Doctor of Sciences degree in Moscow 2000. Kilin has written in over 50 publications, including over 25 published aboard. His name has also transliterated as Juri Kilin.
The Battle of Porrassalmi was fought near the bight of Porrassalmi in Savonia on 13 June 1789, during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90). A Swedish force of about 750 men succeeded in stopping the northbound advance of a Russian force numbering 5,000 men.
The Attack on Åbo was a Novgorodian attack on the then Swedish city of Åbo in 1318, the Novgorodian goal of capturing the city failed, but they managed to burn the outskirts.
The Kexholm War was a short lived conflict between the Novgorod Republic and Sweden spanning from 1321-1323. It ended with the Treaty of Nöteborg in which the border between the two countries was officially established for the first time.
The Häme War was a war between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic spanning from the years 1311–1314.
Karl Knutsson's campaign against Novgorod was a successful Swedish-German campaign by the commander of Viborg, Karl Knutsson, against Novgorodian and Pskov forces during their war with the Teutonic Order in 1444.
The Tiversk campaign refers to a war between Sweden and Novgorod in 1411, it was originally a Swedish attempt to destroy Tiversk but it would later develop into a larger conflict.
Sten Bielke's war against Novgorod was a war between Sweden and Novgorod lasting from 1338 to 1339. It started when the Novgorodians attempted to take revenge on Karelian rebels that had fled to Viborg in 1337.
The Neva campaign was a failed Swedish expedition to establish a fortress on the Neva river in 1300. The expedition was organized by Torkel Knutsson and it ended after the Novgorodians destroyed Landskrona in 1301 after a siege.
Tott's Russian wars refers to a series of two wars waged by Erik Axelsson Tott against Russia. The first one occurred from 1475–1476, with the other one going from 1479–1482.