Erik Axelsson (Tott) (c. 1419–1481) was a Dano-Swedish statesman who served as the regent of Sweden under the Kalmar Union, jointly with Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna in 1457 and alone from 1466 to 1467.
Karelia is a historical province of Finland, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of South Karelia and North Karelia plus the historical regions of Ladoga Karelia and the Karelian isthmus, which are now in Russia. Historical Karelia also extends to the regions of Kymenlaakso, Northern Savonia and Southern Savonia (Mäntyharju).
The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the Treaty of Orehovsk, is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Oreshek on 12 August 1323. It was the first agreement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border, mostly in the area which is now known as Finland. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians.
The Battle of the Neva was fought between the Novgorod Republic, along with Karelians, and the Kingdom of Sweden, including Norwegian, Finnish and Tavastian forces, on the Neva River, near the settlement of Ust-Izhora, on 15 July 1240. The battle is mentioned only in Russian sources, and it remains unclear whether it was a major invasion or a small-scale raid. In Russian historiography, it has become an event of massive scale and importance.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1495–1497, known in Sweden as the Stures' Russian War, was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden. Although the war was relatively short, and did not lead to any territorial changes, it has significance as the first war between Sweden and Moscow. Sweden earlier fought wars against the Novgorod Republic, before Novgorod was formally annexed to Moscow in 1478.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1554–1557, considered a prelude to the Livonian War of 1558–1583, arose out of border skirmishes. It ended when the parties agreed on a truce in the Treaty of Novgorod (1557).
The Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Novgorod Republic and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland, an area vital to the Hanseatic League and part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. The Swedish attacks against Orthodox Russians had religious overtones, but before the 14th century there is no knowledge of official crusade bulls issued by the pope.
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully expanded their borders eastwards and gained further control of their lands in Finland.
Vyborg Castle is a fortress in Vyborg, Russia. It was built by the Swedes during the Middle Ages around which the town of Vyborg evolved. The castle became the stronghold of the Swedish realm in the Karelian region. Throughout the centuries, it was the first defense of the kingdom against the Russians. Its military and strategic status in the late Middle Ages was second only to the fortified capital Stockholm. Currently it serves as the site of Vyborg Regional Museum.
The Fief of Viborg (1320–1534) was for two centuries a late medieval fief in the southeastern border of Finland and the entire Swedish realm. It was held by its chatelain, a fief-appointed feudal lord.
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia c. 1249–1250 as described by the Erikskrönikan. As described by the Erikskrönikan, the Swedes defeated the Tavastians under the leadership of Birger Jarl.
The Finnish–Novgorodian wars were a series of conflicts between Finnic tribes in eastern Fennoscandia and the Republic of Novgorod from the 11th or 12th century to the early 13th century.
The Attack on Åbo was a Novgorodian attack on the then Swedish city of Åbo in 1318, the Novgorodian goal of capturing the city failed, but they managed to burn the outskirts.
The Kexholm War was a short lived conflict between the Novgorod Republic and Sweden spanning from 1321–1323. It ended with the Treaty of Nöteborg in which the border between the two countries was officially established for the first time.
The Häme War was a war between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic spanning from the years 1311–1314.
Karl Knutsson's campaign against Novgorod was a successful Swedish-German campaign by the commander of Viborg, Karl Knutsson, against Novgorodian and Pskov forces during their war with the Teutonic Order in 1444.
Sten Bielke's war against Novgorod was a war between Sweden and Novgorod lasting from 1338 to 1339. It started when the Novgorodians attempted to take revenge on Karelian rebels that had fled to Viborg in 1337.
The Neva campaign was a failed Swedish expedition to establish a fortress on the Neva river in 1300. The expedition was organized by Torkel Knutsson and it ended after the Novgorodians destroyed Landskrona in 1301 after a siege.
Tott's Russian wars refers to a series of two wars waged by Swedish military commander Erik Axelsson Tott: the first war with the Novgorod Republic (1475–1476), and the second war with the Principality of Moscow (1479–1482).
The Assault on Karlsborg was a failed Norwegian attack on the Swedish fortress of Karlsborg in 1456.
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Novgorod