Bibliography of Russia during World War I

This is a select bibliography of post-World War II English language books (including translations) and journal articles about the Russia during the First World War, the period leading up to the war, and the immediate aftermath. For works on the Russian Revolution, please see Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War. Book entries may have references to reviews published in English language academic journals or major newspapers when these could be considered helpful.

Additional bibliographies can be found in many of the book-length works listed below; see Further reading for several book and chapter length bibliographies. The External links section contains entries for publicly available select bibliographies from universities.

A limited number of English translations of significant primary sources are included along with references to larger archival collections.

Inclusion criteria

Works included are referenced in the notes or bibliographies of scholarly secondary sources or journals. Included works should either be published by an academic or widely distributed publisher, be authored by a notable subject matter expert as shown by scholarly reviews and have significant scholarly journal reviews about the work. To keep the bibliography length manageable, only items that clearly meet the criteria should be included.

Citation style

This bibliography uses APA style citations. Entries do not use templates. References to reviews and notes for entries do use citation templates. Where books which are only partially related to Russian history are listed, the titles for chapters or sections should be indicated if possible, meaningful, and not excessive.

If a work has been translated into English, the translator should be included and a footnote with appropriate bibliographic information for the original language version should be included.

When listing works with titles or names published with alternative English spellings, the form used in the latest published version should be used and the version and relevant bibliographic information noted if it previously was published or reviewed under a different title.

General history of World War I

Main article: Bibliography of World War I

See also: World War I

• Emmerson, C. (2019). Crucible: The Long End of the Great War and the Birth of a New World, 1917–1924. New York: PublicAffairs.
• Hart, P. (2013). The Great War: A Combat History of the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Keegan, J. (2000). The First World War. New York: Vintage.
• Leonhard, J. & Camiller, P. (2018). Pandora's Box: A History of the First World War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Goldstein, E. (2013). The First World War Peace Settlements, 1919–1925. London: Routledge.
• Meyer, G. J. (2006). A World Undone: The Story of the Great War 1914 to 1918. Random House.
• Stevenson, D. (2005). Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Tragedy. New York: Basic Books. ^[1]

General history of Russia and World War I

• Gatrell, P. (2015). Tsarist Russia at War: The View from Above, 1914–February 1917. The Journal of Modern History, 87(3), 668–700.

Background

• Clark, C. M. (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. New York, NY: Harper. ^[2]
• Dowler, W. (2010). Russia in 1913 . DeKalb: DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. ^{[3] [4]}
• Emmerson, C. (2013). 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War. New York: PublicAffairs.
• Lieven, D. (1983). Russia and the Origins of the First World War. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. ^{[5] [6]}
• ———. (2016). The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution. New York: Penguin Books. ^{[lower-alpha 1] [7]}
• McMeekin, S. (2013). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ^[8]

Domestic Russian history

• Bushnell, J. (2017). Russian Peasants and Soldiers during World War I: Home and Front Interacting. Russian Studies in History, 56(2), pp. 65–72.
• Gatrell, P. (1999). A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ^{[9] [10]}
• Gatrell, P. (2005). Russia’s First World War: A Social and Economic History. Harlow, UK: Pearson-Longman. ^{[11] [12]}
• Kenez, P. (1972). Changes in the Social Composition of the Officer Corps during World War I. The Russian Review, 31(4), pp. 369–375.
• Lohr, E. (2003). Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign Against Enemy Aliens During World War I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ^{[13] [14]}
• Sanborn, J. A. (2005). Unsettling the Empire: Violent Migrations and Social Disaster in Russia during World War I. The Journal of Modern History, 77(2), pp. 290–324.
• Sanborn, J. A. (2003). Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. ^{[15] [16]}

The Russian Empire

• Reynolds, M. A. (2011). Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires 1908–1918. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ^{[17] [18]}
• Smele, J. (2016). The “Russian” Civil Wars, 1916-1926: Ten Years That Shook the World. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ^{[19] [20] [21]}
• Staliūnas, D., & Aoshima, Y., (eds.). (2021). The Tsar, the Empire, and the Nation: Dilemmas of Nationalization in Russia's Western Borderlands, 1905–1915. Historical Studies in Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Budapest: Central European University Press. ^[22]
• Steinberg, J. W. (2014). Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ^{[23] [24]}
• Zygar, M. (2017). The Empire Must Die: Russia’s Revolutionary Collapse, 1900-1917. New York, NY: PublicAffairs. ^[25]

Related to the Russian Revolution

Main article: Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War

See also: Russian Revolution, February Revolution, and October Revolution

• Buzinkai, D. (1967). The Bolsheviks, the League of Nations and the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Soviet Studies, 19(2), pp. 257–263.
• Engelstein, L. (2017). Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914-1921. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ^{[26] [27]}
• Heenan, L. E. (1987). Russian Democracy's Fatal Blunder: The Summer Offensive of 1917. New York, NY: Praeger. ^{[28] [29]}
• Krammer, A. (1983). Soviet Propaganda among German and Austro-Hungarian Prisoners of War in Russia, 1917–1921. In Richardson, S. R. & Pastor, P (Eds.). Essays on World War I: Origins and Prisoners of War. (pp. 249–64). New York, NY: Brooklyn College Press, 1983.
• Lieven, D. (2016). The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution. New York, NY: Penguin Books. ^{[30] [31]}
• Lincoln, W. B. (1986). Passage Through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution, 1914-1918. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. ^[32]
• Morrison, A., Drieu, C., & Chokobaeva, A. (Eds.). (2020). The Central Asian Revolt of 1916: A Collapsing Empire in the Age of War and Revolution. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ^[33]
• Nation, R. C. (2009). War on War: Lenin, the Zimmerwald Left, and the Origins of Communist Internationalism. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books. ^{[34] [35]}
• Read, C. (2013). War and Revolution in Russia, 1914–22. London, UK: Macmillan. ^[36]
• Smith, S. A. (2017). Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ^{[37] [38]}

Military history

Main article: Eastern Front (World War I)

• Buttar, P. (2014). Collision of Empires: The War on the Eastern Front in 1914. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
• ——— (2017). Germany Ascendant: The Eastern Front 1915. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
• ——— (2017). Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916–17. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
• ——— (2019). The Splintered Empires: The Eastern Front 1917–21. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
• Dowling, T. C. (2009). The Brusilov Offensive. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ^{[lower-alpha 2] [39]}
• Marshall, A. (2004). Russian Military Intelligence, 1905–1917: The Untold Story behind Tsarist Russia in the First World War. War in History, 11(4), pp. 393–423.
• Neiberg, M. S. & Jordan, D. (2012). The Eastern Front 1914-1920: From Tannenberg to the Russo-Polish War. London, UK: Amber Books.
• Sanborn, J. A. (2003). Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. ^{[40] [41]}
• Steinberg, J. W. (2010). All the Tsar's Men: Russia's General Staff and the Fate of Empire, 1898-1914. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ^[42]
• Stoff, L. S. (2006). They Fought for the Motherland: Russia's Women Soldiers in World War I and the Revolution. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ^{[43] [44]}
• Stone, D. R. (2015). The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914-1917. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ^[45]
• Stone, N. (1998). The Eastern Front, 1914–1917. New York, NY: Penguin Books. ^{[46] [47]}
• Wildman, A. K. (1980, 1987). The End of the Russian Imperial Army (2 vols.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ^[48]

Topical

Industry and labor

• Engel, B. A. (1997). Not by Bread Alone: Subsistence Riots in Russia during World War I. The Journal of Modern History, 69(4), 696–721.
• Siegelbaum, L. H. (1978). Moscow Industrialists and the War-Industries Committees During World War I. Russian History, 5(1), 64–83.

Agriculture and the peasantry

• Seregny, S. J. (2000). Peasants, Nation, and Local Government in Wartime Russia. Slavic Review, 59(2), 336–342.
• Seregny, S. J. (2000). Zemstvos, Peasants, and Citizenship: The Russian Adult Education Movement and World War I. Slavic Review, 59(2), 290–315.

Other works

• David-Fox, M., Holquist, P., & Martin, A. M. (2012). Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as entangled histories, 1914-1945. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. ^{[49] [50] [51]}
• Hartley, J. M. (2021). Chapter 13:The Volga in War, Revolution and Civil War. In The Volga: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Pschichholz, C. (Ed.). (2020). The First World War as a Caesura? Demographic Concepts, Population Policy, and Genocide in the Late Ottoman, Russian, and Habsburg Spheres. Berlin: Duncker and Humblot. ^[52]

Historiography and memory studies

• Kobiałka, D., Kostyrko, M., & Kajda, K. (2017). The Great War and Its Landscapes Between Memory and Oblivion: The Case of Prisoners of War Camps in Tuchola and Czersk, Poland. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 21(1), 134–151.

See also

• Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War

References

Notes

1. Originally published outside the United States under the title Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia.
2. See Brusilov Offensive.

Citations

1. Cory, Herbert Ellsworth (1926). "The Significance of Artistic Form". The Journal of Philosophy. 23 (12): 324–328. doi:10.2307/2014113. JSTOR   2014113.
2. Neiberg, Michael S. (2014). "The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. By Christopher Clark.London: Allen Lane, 2012". The Journal of Modern History. 86 (3): 654–655. doi:10.1086/676700.
3. Lohr, Eric (2012). "Russia in 1913. By Wayne Dowler. De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010. Pp. X+351. $38.00". The Journal of Modern History. 84 (2): 535–536. doi:10.1086/664691.
4. Gaudin, Corinne (2011). "Reviewed work: Russia in 1913, Wayne Dowler". Russian Review. 70 (4): 700–701. JSTOR   41290056.
5. Perrins, Michael (1984). "Reviewed work: Russia and the Origins of the First World War, D. C. B. Lieven". The Slavonic and East European Review. 62 (4): 608–609. JSTOR   4208997.
6. Farrar, L. L.; Lieven, D. C. B. (1984). "Russia and the Origins of the First World War". Russian Review. 43 (3): 311. doi:10.2307/129357. JSTOR   129357.
7. Joshua Sanborn (2016). "Review: Lieven, Dominic. Towards the Flame: Empire, War, and the End of Tsarist Russia". The Slavonic and East European Review. 94 (4): 752. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0752.
8. von Hagen, M. (2015). "Reviewed Work: The Russian Origins of the First World War by McMeekin, Sean". The Slavonic and East European Review. 93 (3): 569–571. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.93.3.0569. JSTOR   10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.93.3.0569.
9. Slater, Wendy (2001). "Reviewed work: A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I, Peter Gatrell". The Slavonic and East European Review. 79 (1): 167–168. doi:10.1353/see.2001.0184. JSTOR   4213174. S2CID   247624305.
10. Sanborn, Josh (2001). "A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I. By Peter Gatrell. Indiana‐Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Edited by, Alexander Rabinowitch and William G. Rosenberg. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999". The Journal of Modern History. 73 (4): 997–000. doi:10.1086/340183.
11. Petrone, Karen (2006). "Reviewed work: Russia's First World War: A Social and Economic History, Peter Gatrell". War in History. 13 (3): 408–410. doi:10.1177/096834450601300320. JSTOR   26061977. S2CID   161280726.
12. Stockdale, Melissa K. (2006). "Russia's First World War: A Social and Economic History. By Peter Gatrell. Harlow, Eng.: Pearson Education, 2005". Slavic Review. 65 (4): 826–827. doi:10.2307/4148484. JSTOR   4148484. S2CID   164480358.
13. Saul, Norman E. (2004). "Reviewed work: Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign against Enemy Aliens during World War I, Eric Lohr". The International History Review. 26 (3): 646–648. JSTOR   40110551.
14. Sanborn, Joshua (2004). "Reviewed work: Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign against Enemy Aliens during World War I, Eric Lohr". The Russian Review. 63 (1): 169–170. JSTOR   3664718.
15. Mawdsley, Evan (2005). "Reviewed work: Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905-1925, Joshua A. Sanborn". The Slavonic and East European Review. 83 (2): 347–349. doi:10.1353/see.2005.0136. JSTOR   4214107. S2CID   247624050.
16. Beyrau, Dietrich (2004). "Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925. By Joshua A. Sanborn. De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003". The Journal of Modern History. 76 (2): 494–496. doi:10.1086/422972.
17. j. a. Grant (2012). "Review: Reynolds, Michael A. Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires 1908–1918". The Slavonic and East European Review. 90 (3): 558. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.90.3.0558.
18. Meyer, James (2013). "Reviewed work: Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1908-1918, MICHAEL A. REYNOLDS". Journal of World History. 24 (1): 242–245. doi:10.1353/jwh.2013.0019. JSTOR   43286271. S2CID   161348756.
19. Lohr, E. (2017). "Book Review: The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years that Shook the World. By Jonathan D. Smele". Slavic Review. 74 (4): 1123–1124. doi:10.1017/slr.2017.321. S2CID   165406152.
20. Wade, Rex A. (2016). "Reviewed Work: The 'Russian' Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World by Smele, Jonathan D.". The Slavonic and East European Review. 94 (4): 760–762. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0760. JSTOR   10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0760.
21. Kroner, Anthony (2017). "Book Review: The 'Russian' Civil Wars 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World". Revolutionary Russia. 30 (1): 142–145. doi:10.1080/09546545.2017.1305540. S2CID   219715426.
22. Weeks, T. R. (2022). "Review of The Tsar, the Empire, and the Nation: Dilemmas of Nationalization in Russia's Western Borderlands, 1905–1915". The Russian Review. 81 (3): 566–598. doi:10.1111/russ.12378. S2CID   248954384.
23. Lohr, Eric (2016). "Reviewed work: Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire, Joshua Sanborn". Journal of Contemporary History. 51 (2): 439–440. doi:10.1177/0022009416633660. JSTOR   24671852. S2CID   163664512.
24. Grant, J. A. (2015). "Reviewed work: Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire, Joshua Sanborn". The Slavonic and East European Review. 93 (3): 571. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.93.3.0571.
25. Thompson, J. M. (1999). "Reviewed Work: A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891-1924 by Orlando Figes". The American Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 104 (2): 681–682. doi:10.2307/2650549. JSTOR   2650549.
26. Orlovsky, D. (2017). "Review Essay: The Russian Revolution at 100". Slavic Review. 76 (3): 763–771. doi:10.1017/slr.2017.184.
27. Korobeinikov, A. (2019). "Review: Russia in Flames. War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914–1921". Europe-Asia Studies. 71 (9). doi:10.1080/09668136.2019.1674531. S2CID   211342100.
28. Bushnell, John (1989). "Russian Democracy's Fatal Blunder: The Summer Offensive of 1917. By Louise Erwin Heenan. New York; Westport, Conn.; and London: Praeger, 1987". Slavic Review. 48 (3): 494–495. doi:10.2307/2499010. JSTOR   2499010.
29. Long, John W. (1989). "Reviewed work: Russian Democracy's Fatal Blunder: The Summer Offensive of 1917, Louise Erwin Heenan". Russian History. 16 (1): 85–86. JSTOR   24657674.
30. Sanborn, J. (2016). "Reviewed Work: Towards the Flame: Empire, War, and the End of Tsarist Russia by Lieven, Dominic". The Slavonic and East European Review. 94 (4): 752–754. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0752. JSTOR   10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0752.
31. Legvold, R. (2015). "Reviewed Work: The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution". Foreign Affairs. 94 (5): 193. JSTOR   24483773.
32. Häfner, L. (1987). "Reviewed Work: Passage through Armageddon. The Russians in War and Revolution 1914–1918 by Bruce W. Lincoln". PVS-Literatur. 28 (1): 74–75. JSTOR   24208542.
33. "Book Reviews". The Russian Review. 80 (2): 312–350. 2021. doi:10.1111/russ.12315. S2CID   235409133.
34. Senn, Alfred Erich (1990). "Reviewed work: War on War: Lenin, the Zimmerwald Left, and the Origins of Communist Internationalism, R. Craig Nation". Russian History. 17 (2): 228–229. doi:10.1163/187633190X00453. JSTOR   24656439.
35. McDermott, Kevin (1991). "Reviewed work: War on War. Lenin, the Zimmerwald Left, and the Origins of Communist Internationalism, R. Craig Nation". The Slavonic and East European Review. 69 (3): 560–561. JSTOR   4210711.
36. Raleigh, D. J. (2014). "Reviewed Work: War and Revolution in Russia, 1914–22: The Collapse of Tsarism and the Establishment of Soviet Power by Read, Christopher". The Slavonic and East European Review. 96 (1): 163–165. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.92.1.0163. JSTOR   10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.92.1.0163.
37. Legvold, Robert (2017). "Review: Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928; Caught in the Revolution; Was Revolution Inevitable? Turning Points of the Russian Revolution". Foreign Affairs (September/October 2017). Retrieved 2 February 2020.
38. Fedyashin, A. (2017). "Review: S. A. Smith, Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928". European History Quarterly . 47 (4): 787–789. doi:10.1177/0265691417729639as. S2CID   148995760.
39. Citino, Robert M. (2009). "Reviewed work: The Brusilov Offensive, Timothy C. Dowling". Central European History. 42 (3): 563–565. doi:10.1017/S0008938909990549. JSTOR   40600796. S2CID   143450250.
40. Mawdsley, Evan (2005). "Reviewed work: Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905-1925, Joshua A. Sanborn". The Slavonic and East European Review. 83 (2): 347–349. doi:10.1353/see.2005.0136. JSTOR   4214107. S2CID   247624050.
41. Beyrau, Dietrich (2004). "Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925. By Joshua A. Sanborn. De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003". The Journal of Modern History. 76 (2): 494–496. doi:10.1086/422972.
42. Main, Steven J. (2012). "Reviewed work: All the Tsar's Men: Russia's General Staff and the Fate of the Empire, 1898-1914, John W. Steinberg". Europe-Asia Studies. 64 (4): 795–797. doi:10.1080/09668136.2012.673253. JSTOR   41478169. S2CID   153725229.
43. Engel, Barbara Alpern (2007). "They Fought for the Motherland: Russia's Women Soldiers in World War I and the Revolution. By Laurie S. Stoff. Modern War Studies. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006". Slavic Review. 66 (4): 761–762. doi:10.2307/20060413. JSTOR   20060413. S2CID   164336260.
44. Markwick, Roger D. (2009). "Reviewed work: They Fought for the Motherland: Russia's Women Soldiers in World War I and the Revolution, Laurie S. Stoff". The Slavonic and East European Review. 87 (1): 142–144. doi:10.1353/see.2009.0134. JSTOR   25479352. S2CID   247624731.
45. Rielage, Dale C.; Stone, David R. (2017). "Reviewed work: The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914–1917, StoneDavid R". Naval War College Review. 70 (2): 158–159. JSTOR   26398032.
46. Craig, Gordon A.; Stone, Norman (1977). "The Eastern Front, 1914-1917". Russian Review. 36 (4): 503. doi:10.2307/128662. JSTOR   128662.
47. Thompson, John M. (1977). "The Eastern Front, 1914-1917. By Norman Stone. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975. 348 pp". Slavic Review. 36 (2): 301–302. doi: 10.2307/2495052 . JSTOR   2495052. S2CID   164804800.
48. Cole, B. D. (1980). "Reviewed work: The End of the Russian Imperial Army: The Old Army and the Soldiers' Revolt ( March-April 1917), Allan K. Wildman". Naval War College Review. 33 (6): 114–115. JSTOR   44642146.
49. Mawdsley, Evan (2013). "Reviewed work: Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914-1945, Michael David-Fox, Peter Holquist, Alexander M. Martin". The Russian Review. 72 (3): 524–525. JSTOR   43661889.
50. Suny, Ronald Grigor (2013). "Reviewed work: Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914-1945, Michael David-Fox, Peter Holquist, Alexander M. Martin". German Studies Review. 36 (3): 709–711. doi:10.1353/gsr.2013.0110. JSTOR   43555167. S2CID   161705546.
51. Nicole Eaton (2016). "Reviewed work: Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914-1945". The Slavonic and East European Review. 94 (4): 754. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0754.
52. "Book reviews". The Russian Review. 80 (4): 711–750. 3 September 2021. doi:10.1111/russ.12342. S2CID   239134609.

Further reading

Many of the above works contain bibliographies. Included below are a selection of works with large bibliographies related to Russian history.

• Engelstein, L. (2017). Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914-1921. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
• Smele, J. (2016). The “Russian” Civil Wars, 1916-1926: Ten Years That Shook the World. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

External links

• Russia and World War I: Bibliography of Secondary Sources, Institute for Historical Research.
• Pennington, R. (2012). Russian Military History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.