Petropavl ; Russian: Петропавловск, romanized: Petropavlovsk) is a city on the Ishim River in northern Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia. It is the capital of the North Kazakhstan Region. Population: 218,956. The city is also known colloquially in Kazakh as Qyzyljar.
North Kazakhstan Region is a region of Kazakhstan, with a population of 539,111. Its capital is Petropavl, with a population of 193,300 people.
There has been a substantial population of Russians in Kazakhstan since the 19th century. Although their numbers have been reduced since the breakup of the Soviet Union, they remain prominent in Kazakh society today. Russians formed a plurality of the Kazakh SSR's population for several decades.
The Kazakh Khanate, in eastern sources known as Ulus of the Kazakhs, Ulus of Jochi, Yurt of Urus, was a Kazakh state in Central Asia, successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to the 19th century, centered on the eastern parts of the Desht-i Qipchaq.
Makhambet Otemisuly was a Kazakh poet, composer and political figure. He is best known for his activity as a leader of rebellions against Russian colonialism. This activity is believed to have resulted in his murder in 1846. His first rebellions took place against Zhangir-Kerey Khan of the Bukey Horde. Because the rebellion was badly defeated and a bounty was placed on Otemisuly, he had to flee the region.
A jüz is one of the three main territorial and tribal divisions in the Kypchak Plain area that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan. It represents the main tribal division within the ethnic group of the Kazakhs.
The Badaber uprising was an armed rebellion by Soviet and Afghan prisoners of war who were being held at the Badaber fortress near Peshawar, Pakistan. The prisoners fought the Afghan Mujahideen of the Jamiat-e Islami party in an attempt to escape.
The Bukey Horde, also known as the Inner Horde or Interior Horde, was an autonomous khanate of Kazakhs located north of the Caspian Sea in between the Ural and Volga Rivers, but never reaching these rivers. The khanate officially existed from 1801 to 1845, when the position of khan was abolished and the area was fully absorbed into the administration of the Russian Empire. It was located in the western part of modern-day Kazakhstan. Its lands were spread over about 71,000 square kilometers.
Eset Kotibaruli (1803—1889) was the leader of the wars against Khiva and Kokand khanates, the head of an anti-colonial uprising and the leader of the national liberation movement of Kazakhs.
Syrym Datuly Batyr was the leader of the Kazakh clan Bayuly and national anti-feudal and anti-colonial movements of the Kazakhs of the Little Horde in the years 1783–1797.
In the 16th century, the Tsardom of Russia embarked on a campaign to expand the Russian frontier to the east. This effort continued until the 19th century under the Russian Empire, when the Imperial Russian Army succeeded in conquering all of Central Asia. The majority of this land became known as Russian Turkestan—the name "Turkestan" was used to refer to the area due to the fact that it was and is inhabited by Turkic peoples, excluding the Tajiks, who are an Iranian ethnicity. Upon witnessing Russia's absorption of the various Central Asian realms, the British Empire sought to reinforce India, triggering the Great Game, which ended when both sides eventually designated Afghanistan as a neutral buffer zone.
Kenesary Qasymov, or Kenesary Qasymuly, Kenesary Khan was the last khan of the Kazakh Khanate, grandson of Ablai Khan, from the clan of Genghisid-Tore.
Kenesary's Rebellion was the longest uprising of the Kazakh people on the territory of modern Kazakhstan under the leadership of Khan Kenesary Qasymov against the Russian Empire.
Movement of Köktemir or Sapura's Rebellion — arose in the autumn of 1775 and was a new form of struggle after the tragic events of spring and summer, when the unrest of the Kazakhs in the Junior Jüz was brutally suppressed by punitive detachments.
Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts — anti-colonial uprising on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The uprising was led by large Kazakh ancestors.
Amankeldı Üderbaiūly İmanov, often referred to mononymously as Amankeldı or Amangeldy, was a Kazakh revolutionary who was leader of the Central Asian revolt of 1916 in Kazakhstan. Later fighting alongside the Red Army, he was killed under unclear circumstances in April 1919. He has since emerged as a Kazakh folk hero for his leadership of the revolt.
Jäñgır-Kerei Han was the penultimate Khan of the Bukey Horde, ruling from 1823 to 1845, and the final khan to be formally appointed. During his rule, he sought to establish the Horde as a modern state based on the model of the Russian Empire, and enacted a number of reforms. He remains popularly known for his efforts to bring formal education to the Horde, but is controversial for his promotion of feudalism over nomadism, leading to Isatay Taimanov's uprising in 1836. In addition to his reign, he also worked as a pathologist, studying anthrax extensively, and an anthropologist, recording Kazakh national epics and weaponry.
The siege of Akmolinsk or battle of Akmolinsk occurred in 1838 in Astana, Kazakhstan during the Kenesary's Rebellion, which ended with the flight of the founder of Akmolinsk – Konurkuldzha Kudaimendin, along with a small detachment of Karbyshev and the destruction of the fortress.
Anti-Colonial uprising of Eset Batyr — uprising of the Kazakhs of the Junior Jüz against the colonial oppression of the Russian Empire.
