This is a list of wars involving the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and its predecessor states.
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Âu Việt–Lạc Việt War (258 BC) [lower-alpha 1] | Văn Lang (Lạc Việt) | Âu Việt | Victory for Âu Việt |
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Qin campaign against the Baiyue (221 BC–214 BC) | Baiyue tribes: | Qin dynasty | Defeat
|
Âu Lạc–Nanyue War (179 BC) | Âu Lạc | Nanyue under Triệu Đà | Defeat |
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Han–Nanyue War (111 BC) | Nanyue | Western Han | Defeat
|
Conflict | Event | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Trưng sisters' rebellion (40 AD–43 AD) | Uprising (40 AD) | Trưng sisters in Lingnan | Eastern Han | Rebel victory
|
Han counterattack (43 AD) | Trưng sisters in Lingnan | Eastern Han | Defeat
| |
Chu Đạt's rebellion (157) | Chu Đạt in Jiuzhen | Eastern Han | Rebel defeat | |
Wuhu rebellion (178–181) | Liang Long in Hepu and Jiaozhi | Eastern Han | Rebel defeat | |
Independence of Lâm Ấp (192) | Khu Liên in Xianglin (Huế) | Eastern Han | Rebel victory | |
Lady Triệu's rebellion (248) | Lady Triệu in Jiuzhen | Eastern Wu | Rebel defeat | |
Jin–Wu War (263–280) | Local rebels in Jiaozhi Jin dynasty | Eastern Wu | Victory for Jin
| |
Jin–Lâm Ấp conflicts (351–415) | Jin dynasty | Lâm Ấp | Victory for Jin | |
Liu Song–Lâm Ấp War (445–446) | Liu Song | Lâm Ấp | Victory for Liu Song
| |
Lý Trường Nhân's rebellion (468) | Lý Trường Nhân in Jiaozhou | Liu Song | Rebel victory
| |
Lý Bí's rebellion (541–544) | Lý Bí in Jiaozhi | Liang dynasty | Rebel victory
|
Conflict | Early Lý dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Liang–Vạn Xuân War (545–550) | Vạn Xuân | Liang dynasty | Victory for Vạn Xuân |
Vạn Xuân–Dã Năng War (557–571) | Vạn Xuân | Dã Năng (vi) | Victory for Dã Năng
|
Sui–Vạn Xuân War (602) | Vạn Xuân | Sui dynasty | Defeat
|
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Sui–Lâm Ấp War (605) | Sui dynasty | Lâm Ấp | Victory for Sui |
Lý Tự Tiên's rebellion (679) | Lý Tự Tiên and Đinh Kiến in Annan | Tang dynasty | Victory for Tang |
Mai Thúc Loan's rebellion (722–723) | Mai Thúc Loan in Annan | Tang dynasty | Victory for Tang |
Javanese raids in modern-day Vietnamese coast (767, 774 & 787) | Tang dynasty Champa | Javanese raiders | Victory for Tang |
Phùng Hưng's rebellion (791) | Phùng Hưng in Annan | Tang dynasty | Rebel defeat |
Hoàn Vương–Tang conflicts (803–809) | Tang dynasty | Hoàn Vương | Victory for Tang |
Dương Thanh's rebellion (819–831) | Dương Thanh in Annan | Tang dynasty | Rebel defeat |
Tang–Nanzhao war (846–866) | Nanzhao Local rebels in Northern Vietnam | Tang dynasty | Victory for Tang |
Khúc Thừa Dụ's rebellion (905) | Khúc Thừa Dụ in Tĩnh Hải quân | Tang dynasty | Rebel victory
|
Conflict | Event | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tĩnh Hải quân–Southern Han War (930) | Tĩnh Hải quân | Southern Han | Defeat
| |
Southern Han–Annan War (931–938) | Dương Đình Nghệ campaign (931) | Dương Đình Nghệ in Annan | Southern Han | Victory
|
Battle of Bạch Đằng (938) | Ngô Quyền in Annan | Southern Han | Victory
|
Conflict | Event | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dương Tam Kha's coup d'état (944) | Ngô Xương Ngập | Dương Tam Kha | Victory for Dương Tam Kha
| |
Countercoup against Dương Tam Kha (950) | Dương Tam Kha | Ngô Xương Văn | Victory for Ngô Xương Văn
| |
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (965–968) | Lã Xử Bình's coup d'état (965) | Ngô Xương Xí | Lã Xử Bình | Victory for Lã Xử Bình
|
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's Unification War (967–968) | Đinh Bộ Lĩnh and allies | Opposing factions in the 12 Warlords | Victory for Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (Đinh Tiên Hoàng)
|
Conflict | Đinh dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Countercoup against Lê Hoàn (979) | Lê Hoàn Supported by: | Đinh Điền (vi), Nguyễn Bặc, Phạm Hạp Ngô Nhật Khánh | Victory for Lê Hoàn
|
Conflict | Early Lê dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Song–Đại Cồ Việt War (981) | Đại Cồ Việt | Song dynasty | Victory
|
First Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (982) | Đại Cồ Việt | Champa | Victory |
Wars of the Early Lê dynasty succession (1005) | Lê Long Việt | Lê Long Tích (vi) | Victory for Lê Long Việt
|
Lê Ngọa Triều | Lê Long Cân (vi), Lê Long Kính (vi), Lê Long Đinh (vi) | Victory for Lê Ngọa Triều
|
Conflict | Event | Later Lý dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dali–Đại Cồ Việt War (1014) | Đại Cồ Việt | Dali Kingdom | Victory | |
War of the Later Lý dynasty succession (1028) | Khai Thiên Vương | Đông Chinh Vương (Lý Thái Tổ's son) Vũ Đức Vương Dực Thánh Vương (Lý Thái Tổ's brother) | Victory for Khai Thiên Vương
| |
Nong Quanfu's rebellion (1038–1041) | Đại Cồ Việt | Nong Quanfu's Kingdom of Longevity | Victory | |
Second Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (1044) | Đại Cồ Việt | Champa | Victory | |
Nong Zhigao's rebellion (1048–1055) | Đại Cồ Việt | Nong Zhigao's Dali | Victory | |
First Champa–Đại Việt War (1069) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory
| |
Đại Việt–Song War (1075–1077) | Viet invasion (1075) | Đại Việt | Song dynasty | Indecisive
|
Song counterattack (1077) | Đại Việt | Song dynasty | Victory
| |
Đại Việt–Khmer War (1123–1150) | Khmer campaign (1123–1124) | Đại Việt | Khmer Empire | Victory |
Khmer–Champa joint invasion (1132) | Đại Việt | Khmer Empire Champa | Victory
| |
Viet campaign (1136) | Đại Việt | Khmer Empire Champa | Indecisive
| |
Further Suryavarman II's expeditions (1136–1150) | Đại Việt | Khmer Empire | Victory | |
Quách Bốc's rebellion (1209) | Đại Việt | Quách Bốc | Victory
| |
Nguyễn Nộn's rebellion (1213–1219) | Đại Việt | Nguyễn Nộn (vi) |
Conflict | Event | Trần dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Second Champa–Đại Việt War (1252) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory | |
Đại Việt–Mongol War (1257–1258) or First Đại Việt–Mongol War | Đại Việt | Mongol Empire | Defeat
| |
First Đại Việt–Yuan War (1285) or Second Đại Việt–Mongol War | Yuan advance (January – May) | Đại Việt | Yuan dynasty | Defeat
|
Đại Việt counteroffensive (May – June) | Đại Việt Champa | Yuan dynasty | Victory
| |
Second Đại Việt–Yuan War (1287–1288) or Third Đại Việt–Mongol War | Yuan advance (1287 – January 1288) | Đại Việt | Yuan dynasty | Defeat
|
Battle of Bạch Đằng River (1288) | Đại Việt | Yuan dynasty | Victory
| |
Đại Việt–Muang Sua War (1294–1301) | Đại Việt | Muang Sua | Victory
| |
Third Champa–Đại Việt War (1311) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory | |
Fourth Champa–Đại Việt War (1318) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory | |
Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1396) | Battle of Chiêm Động (1367) | Đại Việt | Champa | Defeat
|
Coup against Dương Nhật Lễ (1369–1370) | Dương Nhật Lễ | Trần Phủ | Rulership change
| |
Sack of Thăng Long (1371) | Đại Việt | Champa | Defeat
| |
Battle of Vijaya (1377) | Đại Việt | Champa | Defeat
| |
Trần Khát Chân's last stand (1390) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory
| |
Hồ Quý Ly's coup d'état (1399–1400) | Trần Thuận Tông and Trần Thiếu Đế | Hồ Quý Ly | Rulership change
|
Conflict | Event | Hồ dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Champa–Đại Ngu War (1400–1407) | First Đại Ngu campaign (1400) | Đại Ngu | Champa | Defeat |
Second Đại Ngu campaign (1402) | Đại Ngu | Champa | Victory
| |
Third Đại Ngu campaign (1403) | Đại Ngu | Champa | Defeat
| |
Champan campaign (1407) | Đại Ngu | Champa Ming dynasty | Defeat
| |
Đại Ngu–Ming War (1406–1407) | Đại Ngu | Ming dynasty | Defeat
|
Conflict | Event | Vietnamese people | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Later Trần rebellion (1407–1413) | Later Trần rebels in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel defeat | |
Lam Sơn uprising (1418–1428) | Early phases (1418–1422) | Lê Lợi in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel defeat |
Capture of Nghệ An (1424–1425) | Lê Lợi in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel victory | |
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động (1426) | Lê Lợi in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel victory | |
Siege of Đông Quan (1427) | Lê Lợi in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel victory | |
Battle of Chi Lăng (1427) | Lê Lợi in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel victory | |
Siege of Xương Giang (1427) | Lê Lợi in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Rebel victory
|
Conflict | Event | Later Lê dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Đại Việt–Ngưu Hống war (1431–1432) | Đại Việt | Ngưu Hống | Victory | |
Sixth Champa–Đại Việt War (1446) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory
| |
Later Lê dynasty succession crisis (1459–1460) | Lê Nghi Dân's coup d'état (1459) | Lê Nhân Tông | Lê Nghi Dân | Victory for Lê Nghi Dân
|
Countercoup against Lê Nghi Dân (1460) | Lê Nghi Dân | Lê Lăng and Nguyễn Xí | Victory for Lê Lăng and Nguyễn Xí
| |
Seventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1471) | Đại Việt | Champa | Victory | |
Đại Việt–Lan Xang War (1479–1484) or White Elephant War | Đại Việt | Lan Xang Lanna Muang Phuan Ayutthaya Ava | Defeat (see analysis)
| |
Lê Oanh's coup d'état (1509) | Lê Uy Mục | Lê Oanh | Victory for Lê Oanh
| |
Trần Tuân's rebellion (1511–1512) | Đại Việt | Trần Tuân (vi) | Victory | |
Crisis of the late Later Lê dynasty – Early period (1516–1526) | Trịnh Duy Sản's coup d'état (1516) | Lê Tương Dực | Trịnh Duy Sản (vi), Trịnh Duy Đại | Victory
|
Trần Cảo's rebellion (1516–1521) | Đại Việt | Trần Cảo | Victory
| |
Trịnh Tuy's coup d'état (1518–1522) | Lê Chiêu Tông | Trịnh Tuy | Victory
| |
Mạc Đăng Dung's coup d'état (1522–1526) | Lê Chiêu Tông, Trịnh Tuy | Mạc Đăng Dung | Defeat
|
During this period, there existed 3 dynasties and 3 lordships: Mạc dynasty (1527–1677), Restored Lê (1533–1789), and Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802); Trịnh lords (1545–1787), Nguyễn lords (1558–1802), and Bầu lords (1527–1689); each with varying degrees of power and control over the country. This period is considered to be one of the most complicated periods in the history of Vietnam.
Conflict | Event | Aggressor | Defender | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lê–Mạc War (1533–1677) | Later Lê dynasty's return to Vietnam (1533–1543) | Nguyễn Kim, Lê Trang Tông | Mạc dynasty | Victory for Nguyễn Kim
|
Battle of Yên Mô (1545) | Nguyễn Kim, Lê Trang Tông | Mạc dynasty | Victory for Mạc
| |
Battle of Thăng Long (1551) | Southern dynasty
| Mạc dynasty | Stalemate
| |
Battle of Thuận Hóa (1554) | Southern dynasty
| Mạc dynasty | Victory for Lê
| |
Prince Mạc Kính Điển's Southern campaigns (1555–1579) | Northern dynasty
| Southern dynasty
| Stalemate
| |
Lê Northern campaigns (1584–1592) | Southern dynasty
| Northern dynasty | Victory for Later Lê dynasty
| |
Later campaigns (1592–1677) | Đại Việt | Mạc dynasty Bầu lords Supported by:
| Victory
| |
First Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1611) | Đàng Trong | Panduranga | Victory for Nguyễn | |
First Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1627–1672) | Early phases (1627–1648) | Đàng Ngoài Dutch East India Company (1643) | Đàng Trong
| Stalemate |
Battle of Nghệ An (1655–1660) | Đàng Trong | Đàng Ngoài | Victory for Trịnh | |
Later campaigns (1661–1672) | Đàng Ngoài | Đàng Trong | Victory for Nguyễn
| |
Second Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1653) | Đàng Trong | Panduranga | Victory | |
First Cambodia–Đại Việt War (1658) | Đàng Trong | Cambodia | Victory
| |
Second Cambodia–Đại Việt War (1674) | Đàng Trong | Cambodia | Victory
| |
Third Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1693–1697) | Đàng Trong | Panduranga | Defeat
| |
Third Cambodia–Đại Việt War (1699) | Đàng Trong | Cambodia | Victory | |
Fourth Cambodia–Đại Việt War (1708) | Đàng Trong | Cambodia | Victory
| |
First Đại Việt–Siam War (1714) | Đàng Trong | Ayutthaya Siam | Defeat
| |
Hoàng Công Chất's rebellion (1739–1769) | Hoàng Công Chất (vi) | Đàng Ngoài
| Victory | |
Lê Duy Mật's rebellion (1740–1770) | Lê Duy Mật | Đàng Ngoài
| Victory | |
Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's rebellion (1743–1751) | Nguyễn Hữu Cầu | Đàng Ngoài | Victory | |
Nguyễn Danh Phương's rebellion (1744–1751) | Nguyễn Danh Phương | Đàng Ngoài | Victory | |
Đại Việt–Luang Phrabang War (1749) [1] | Đàng Ngoài | Luang Phrabang | Defeat | |
Fifth Cambodia–Đại Việt War (1753–1756) | Đàng Trong | Cambodia | Victory | |
Second Đại Việt–Siam War (1771–1773) | Đàng Trong | Thonburi Siam Ang Non II | Defeat
| |
Tây Sơn uprising (1771–1777) | First Tây Sơn campaigns (1771–1774) | Tây Sơn | Đàng Trong | Rebel victory
|
Second Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1774–1775) | Đàng Ngoài | Đàng Trong | Victory for Trịnh
| |
Gia Định campaigns (1776–1777) | Tây Sơn | Đàng Trong | Rebel victory
|
Conflict | Event | Tây Sơn dynasty and allies | Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Third Đại Việt-Siam War (1785) | Đàng Trong | Rattanakosin Siam Nguyễn Ánh | Victory
| |
Tây Sơn–Trịnh War (1786) | Đàng Trong | Đàng Ngoài | Victory for Tây Sơn
| |
Nguyễn Huệ–Nguyễn Nhạc conflict (1786) | Nguyễn Nhạc in Quy Nhơn | Nguyễn Huệ in Phú Xuân | Indecisive
| |
Đại Việt–Qing War (1788–1789) | Đại Việt | Qing dynasty | Victory
| |
Lê Duy Chỉ's rebellion (1791) | Đại Việt Supported by: Cambodia | Lê Duy Chỉ (Lê Chiêu Thống's brother) Vientiane Supported by: Rattanakosin Siam | Victory
| |
Tây Sơn–Nguyễn War (1792–1802) | Battle of Quy Nhơn (1799–1801) | Đại Việt | Nguyễn Ánh Supported by: | Victory for Nguyễn Ánh
|
Battle of Huế (1801) | Đại Việt | Nguyễn Ánh Supported by:
| ||
Battle of Thăng Long (1802) | Đại Việt | Nguyễn Ánh Supported by: | Victory for Nguyễn Ánh
|
Conflict | Vietnam and allies | Opponents | Result | General Secretary |
---|---|---|---|---|
Insurgency in the Central Highlands (1975–1992) | Vietnam | FULRO | Victory |
|
Insurgency in Laos (1975–2007) | Vietnam Laos | Hmong insurgents | Victory | |
Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989) | Vietnam FUNSK Post-invasion: 1979–1989: Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea 1989–1991: State of Cambodia Supported by: | Democratic Kampuchea (1979–1982) Post-invasion: CGDK/NGC (1982–1990) Thailand (border clashes) | Victory
| |
Sino–Vietnamese War (1979) | Vietnam | China | Stalemate
| Lê Duẩn |
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991) | Vietnam | China | Stalemate
| Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991) Đỗ Mười (since 1991) |
Thai–Laotian Border War (1987–1988) | Vietnam Laos | Thailand | Victory
| Nguyễn Văn Linh |
Johnson South Reef Skirmish (1988) | Vietnam | China | Defeat
|
The history of Vietnam can be traced back to around 20,000 years ago. The first modern humans to arrive and settle in the area of modern-day Vietnam are known as the Hoabinhians, who can be traced as the ancestors of modern-day Negritos. Archaeological findings from 1965, which are still under research, show the remains of two hominins closely related to the Sinanthropus, dating as far back as the Middle Pleistocene era, roughly half a million years ago.
The Nguyễn dynasty was the last Vietnamese dynasty, which was preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruled the unified Vietnamese state independently from 1802 to 1883 before being a French protectorate. During its existence, the empire expanded into modern-day southern Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos through a continuation of the centuries-long Nam tiến and Siamese–Vietnamese wars. With the French conquest of Vietnam, the Nguyễn dynasty was forced to give up sovereignty over parts of southern Vietnam to France in 1862 and 1874, and after 1883 the Nguyễn dynasty only nominally ruled the French protectorates of Annam as well as Tonkin. They later cancelled treaties with France and were the Empire of Vietnam for a short time until 25 August 1945.
The Tây Sơn dynasty (Vietnamese:[təjʂəːn], Vietnamese: Nhà Tây Sơn, Chữ Nôm: 茹西山, lit. 'House of Tây Sơn'; Vietnamese: triều Tây Sơn, officially Great Việt, was a dynasty of Vietnam. It was founded after three Nguyễn brothers from the village of Tây Sơn rebelled against the Lê dynasty, Nguyễn lords, and Trịnh lords. The Tây Sơn were led by these three brothers, referred to by modern Vietnamese historians as the Tây Sơn brothers because of their origin in the district of Tây Sơn. The Tây Sơn was later succeeded by the Nguyễn dynasty.
The Lê dynasty, also known in historiography as the Later Lê dynasty, officially Great Việt, was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, having ruled from 1428 to 1789, with an interregnum between 1527 and 1533. The Lê dynasty is divided into two historical periods: the Initial Lê dynasty before the usurpation by the Mạc dynasty, in which emperors ruled in their own right, and the Revival Lê dynasty, in which emperors were figures reigned under the auspices of the powerful Trịnh family. The Revival Lê dynasty was marked by two lengthy civil wars: the Lê–Mạc War (1533–1592) in which two dynasties battled for legitimacy in northern Vietnam and the Trịnh–Nguyễn Wars between the Trịnh lords in North and the Nguyễn lords of the South.
Lê Quý Đôn (chữ Hán:, né Lê Danh Phương, on his pen name is Doãn Hậu允厚, and Quế Đường桂堂 was an 18th-century Vietnamese poet, encyclopedist, and government official. His pseudonym was Quế - Đường. He was a native of Duyen Ha village in present-day Thái Bình Province. He is considered one of the most outstanding and prolific Vietnamese polymaths of the early modern period.
The Nguyễn lords, also known as the Nguyễn clan, were the rulers of southern Đại Việt during the Revival Lê dynasty and ancestors of Nguyễn dynasty's emperors. The territory they ruled was known contemporarily as Đàng Trong and by Europeans as Cochinchina, in opposition to the Trịnh lords ruling northern Đại Việt, known then as Đàng Ngoài. Both Nguyễn and Trịnh lords were de jure subordinates of the Lê dynasty.
Vietnamese clothing is the traditional style of clothing worn in Vietnam by the Vietnamese people. The traditional style has both indigenous and foreign elements due to the diverse cultural exchanges during the history of Vietnam. This all eventually led to the birth of a distinctive Vietnamese style of clothing, including the birth of the unofficial national dress of Vietnam, the áo dài.
The Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư is the official national chronicle of the Đại Việt, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under the order of the Emperor Lê Thánh Tông and was finished in 1479 during the Lê period. The 15-volume book covered the period from Hồng Bàng dynasty to the coronation of Lê Thái Tổ, the first emperor of the Lê dynasty in 1428. In compiling his work, Ngô Sĩ Liên based on two principal historical sources which were Đại Việt sử ký by Lê Văn Hưu and Đại Việt sử ký tục biên by Phan Phu Tiên. After its publication, Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư was continually supplemented by other historians of the royal court such as Vũ Quỳnh and Phạm Công Trứ. Today the most popular version of Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư is the Nội các quan bản edition which was completed in 1697 with the additional information up to 1656 during the reign of the Emperor Lê Thần Tông and the Lord Trịnh Tráng. Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư is considered the most important and comprehensive historical book. The chronicle, which was modeled after Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian, provides a chronological history beginning with the legendary Hồng Bàng dynasty and continuing to the founding of the house of Lê in 1428.
Emperor Quang Trung or Nguyễn Huệ, also known as Nguyễn Quang Bình, was the second emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty, reigning from 1788 until 1792. He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history. Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Lữ, together known as the Tây Sơn brothers, were the leaders of the Tây Sơn rebellion. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial Later Lê dynasty and the two rival feudal houses of the Nguyễn in the south and the Trịnh in the north.
Đại Việt, often known as Annam, was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day Hanoi, Northern Vietnam. Its early name, Đại Cồ Việt, was established in 968 by Vietnamese ruler Đinh Bộ Lĩnh after he ended the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords, until the beginning of the reign of Lý Thánh Tông, the third emperor of the Lý dynasty. Đại Việt lasted until the reign of Gia Long, the first emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, when the name was changed to Việt Nam.
The Đại Việt sử ký is the official historical text of the Trần dynasty, that was compiled by the royal historian Lê Văn Hưu and was finished in 1272. Considered the first comprehensive account of the history of Vietnam, the 30-volume book covered the period between 207 BC to 1225 AD in Vietnamese history, from Triệu Đà, the first king of the Triệu dynasty, to Lý Chiêu Hoàng which was the empress regnant and the last ruler of the Lý dynasty. Although it was lost during the Fourth Chinese domination in Vietnam, the contents of the Đại Việt sử ký, including Lê Văn Hưu's comments about various events in the history of Vietnam, were used by other Vietnamese historians as a base for their works, notably the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư by Ngô Sĩ Liên.
The Đại Việt sử lược or Việt sử lược is an historical text that was compiled during the Trần dynasty. The three-volume book was finished around 1377 and covered the history of Vietnam from the reign of Triệu Đà to the collapse of the Lý dynasty. During the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam, the book, together with almost all official records of the Trần dynasty, was taken away to China and subsequently collected in the Siku Quanshu. The Đại Việt sử lược is considered the earliest chronicles about the history of Vietnam that remains today.
Following is the family tree of Vietnamese monarchs from the autonomous period of the Khúc clan (905–923) to the reign of Bảo Đại (1926–1945), the last emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. Emperors, kings and lords of each monarch are denoted by different colours with the period of their reigns.
Throughout the history of Vietnam, many names were used in reference to Vietnam.
Lê Thuần Tông birth name Lê Duy Tường was the thirteenth and fourth-last emperor of the Vietnamese Lê dynasty under the domination of the Trịnh lords. He reigned from 1732 to 1735 and was succeeded by Lê Ý Tông.
The House of Nguyễn Phúc, also known as the House of Nguyễn Phước, was a ruling family of Vietnam. It ruled from the city of Huế in central Vietnam beginning in 1636. As the Nguyễn lords, they often fought with the Trịnh lords, who were based in Hanoi. They were overthrown by the Tây Sơn dynasty in 1776.
The Revival Lê dynasty, also called the Later Lê Restoration in historiography, officially Great Việt, was a Vietnamese dynasty that existed between 1533 and 1789. The Primal Lê dynasty (1428–1527) and the Revival Lê dynasty (1533–1789) collectively formed the Later Lê dynasty.
Vietnamese nationalism is a form of nationalism that asserts the Vietnamese people as a separate independent nation. It encompasses a broad range of ideas and sentiments harbored by the Vietnamese people in regards with national identity.
The Military of the Nguyễn dynasty were the main military forces of the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to August 1945 when it was dismantled by the August Revolution. The Nguyễn military force was initially formed by Nguyễn Hoàng as a division of the military of the Revival Lê dynasty in 1558 starting out with 3000 soldiers. During this period it was the military forces of the domain of the Nguyễn lords and commonly fought the Trịnh lords who controlled northern Vietnam. During the Tây Sơn Rebellion it was expelled out most of the county by the Tây Sơn dynasty. After the exiled Nguyễn Phúc Ánh returned and defeated the Tây Sơn rebels he crowned himself as the Gia Long Emperor and the Nguyễn military became the national military of Vietnam.