1104

1104 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1104 MCIV
Ab urbe condita	1857
Armenian calendar	553 ԹՎ ՇԾԳ
Assyrian calendar	5854
Balinese saka calendar	1025–1026
Bengali calendar	510–511
Berber calendar	2054
English Regnal year	4  Hen. 1  – 5  Hen. 1
Buddhist calendar	1648
Burmese calendar	466
Byzantine calendar	6612–6613
Chinese calendar	癸未年 (Water  Goat) 3801 or 3594     — to — 甲申年 (Wood  Monkey) 3802 or 3595
Coptic calendar	820–821
Discordian calendar	2270
Ethiopian calendar	1096–1097
Hebrew calendar	4864–4865
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1160–1161
- Shaka Samvat	1025–1026
- Kali Yuga	4204–4205
Holocene calendar	11104
Igbo calendar	104–105
Iranian calendar	482–483
Islamic calendar	497–498
Japanese calendar	Kōwa 6 / Chōji 1 (長治元年)
Javanese calendar	1009–1010
Julian calendar	1104 MCIV
Korean calendar	3437
Minguo calendar	808 before ROC 民前808年
Nanakshahi calendar	−364
Seleucid era	1415/1416 AG
Thai solar calendar	1646–1647
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Water-Sheep) 1230 or 849 or 77     — to — ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 1231 or 850 or 78

Statue of King Alfonso I (r. 1104–1134).

Year 1104 ( MCIV ) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Summer – The Byzantines re-occupy the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. A naval squadron, under Admiral Cantacuzenus, pursues in Cypriot waters a Genoese raiding fleet, and sails on to Latakia, where they capture the harbour and the lower city. Bohemond I reinforces the garrison in the citadel. ^[1]

Levant

• Spring – The Crusaders, led by Bohemond I, re-invade the territory of Aleppo, and try to capture the town of Kafar Latha. The attack fails, owing to the resistance of the local Banu tribe. Meanwhile, Joscelin of Courtenay cuts the communications between Aleppo and the Euphrates. ^[2]
• May 7 – Battle of Harran: The Crusaders under Baldwin II are defeated by the Seljuk Turks. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. Tancred (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes regent of Edessa. The defeat at Harran marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion.
• May 26 – King Baldwin I captures Acre, the port is besieged from April, and blockaded by the Genoese and Pisan fleet. Baldwin promises a free passage to those who want to move to Ascalon, but the Italian sailors plunder the wealthy Muslim emigrants and kill many of them. ^[3]
• Autumn – Bohemond I departs to Italy for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Tancred becomes co-ruler over Antioch – and appoints his brother-in-law, Richard of Salerno, as his deputy. ^[4]
• Toghtekin, Seljuk ruler ( atabeg ) of Damascus, founds a short-lived principality in Syria (the first example of a series of Seljuk-ruled dynasties).

England

• September 3 – St. Cuthbert is reburied in Durham Cathedral. ^[5]

Europe

• September 28 – Alfonso I becomes king of Aragon and Navarre (after the death of his half-brother Peter I).
• King David IV of Georgia defeats 100,000 Seljuk Turks with only 1,500 warriors (approximate date).^{[ citation needed ]}
• Sultan Kilij Arslan I of the Sultanate of Rum starts a war with the Danishmendids.
• The Venetian Arsenal is founded in Venice. ^[6]

Vietnam

• After the raid on Đại Việt in 1103, the Champa army under king Jaya Indravarman II successfully retook three provinces in the Địa Lý regions but was quickly defeated by the national forces led by Lý Thường Kiệt, and was forced to withdraw from the country. Đại Việt under the Lý dynasty then took control of the three Địa Lý provinces. ^[7]

By topic

Religion

• April 21 – The new basilica at Vézelay Abbey (located in northern Burgundy in France) is dedicated.

Volcanology

• Autumn – The volcano Hekla erupts in Iceland and devastates farms for 45 miles (some 70 km) around. ^[8]

Births

• Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (d. 1167)
• Fujiwara no Kiyosuke, Japanese waka poet (d. 1177)
• Gens du Beaucet, French hermit and saint (d. 1127)
• Ibn Zafar al Siqilli, Arab-Sicilian politician (d. 1170)
• Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester (d. 1168) ^[9]
• Vladimir Volodarevich, Galician prince (d. 1152)
• Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester (d. 1166)

Deaths

• June 8 – Duqaq, Seljuk ruler of Damascus
• September 25 – Simon II, French nobleman
• October 26 – Johann I, bishop of Speyer
• Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir, Hammadid ruler
• Danishmend Gazi, ruler of the Danishmends
• Ebontius, bishop of Barbastro
• Herewald of Llandaff, Welsh bishop
• Peter I, king of Aragon and Navarre
• Seraphin, archbishop of Esztergom
• Serlo, Norman cleric and abbot
• Sökmen, governor of Jerusalem
• Svend Tronkræver, Danish prince

References

1. Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 37. ISBN   978-0-241-29876-3.
2. Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 32–33. ISBN   978-0-241-29876-3.
3. Malcolm Barber (2012). The Crusader States, pp. 68–69. Yale University Press. ISBN   978-0-300-11312-9.
4. Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 38. ISBN   978-0-241-29876-3.
5. Kennedy, Maev (July 28, 2017). "St Cuthbert's coffin features in new display at Durham Cathedral". The Guardian. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
6. Squires, Nick (2018). "Italian navy hires out Venice's feted Arsenale for conventions to make up for government cuts". The Telegraph. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
7. Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, page 115, Volume II, "Kỷ nhà Lý: Nhân Tông Hoàng Đế."
8. "Hekla - volcano, Iceland". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
9. "Beaumont, Robert de Earl of Leicester 1104-1168". Worldcat. Retrieved April 27, 2018.